Journal of population therapeutics and clinical pharmacology = Journal de la therapeutique des populations et de la pharmacologie clinique最新文献

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease that commonly affects the skin and mucous membranes. There is a difference of opinion among clinicians about whether OLP has been associated with oral candidiasis. Nonetheless, in OLP patients, the oral candidiasis prevalence rate ranges from 7.7 to 16.6%, as established through biopsy findings, whereas 37-50% of the prevalence rate has been noticed in culture findings. Oral candidiasis has been linked to several local and systemic factors, including salivary gland dysfunction, dental prostheses, topical or inhaled corticosteroids, smoking, and the use of systemic medications. The aim was to highlight the association of Candida in patients diagnosed with OLP, correlate the use of steroid therapy, and enumerate the factors of using steroid therapy as implicated causes for oral candidiasis. A search was made using search engines such as PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Science Citation Index, NIH Public Access, and Clarivate Analytics (Figure 1). The keywords using the research option for this field were "Oral Candidiasis" AND "Oral Lichen planus" or "Candidiasis" AND "Corticosteroids" or "Topical Corticosteroids" AND Oral Lichen planus or "Inhalation Corticosteroids" AND "Candidiasis" or "Oral Lichen planus" AND "Corticosteroids." The database search was made for the duration of 1991 to -2021 (Table 1). Additional articles were obtained regarding the literature on OLP and oral candidiasis and were considered background material. The incidence of oral candidiasis and associated lichen planus following steroid therapy enlisted by various authors has been addressed. According to the results of this study, there is a positive correlation between the presence of oral candidiasis in the OLP's patients treated with corticosteroids. Finally, this meta-analysis concluded that there is a positive correlation between the presence of Candida species in OLP and steroid medication.

The purpose of this study is to improve the classification accuracy of the C4.5 Algorithm utilizing the forward selection technique. Breast Cancer from the UCI Machine Learning Repository is the dataset utilized. There are 286 records in the dataset with nine attributes and one class (label). The suggested model was evaluated with two existing classification models (C4.5 and Naïve Bayes) using the RapidMiner program. The procedure consists of multiple stages, the first of which consists of selecting the dominant trait using the feature selection technique (weight by information gain). The second step is forward selection based on the outcome of feature selection. Before processing, the dataset is separated into training and testing halves, where the ratios of comparison are 70:30, 80:20, and 90:10. The final step is examining the output. The experimental results demonstrate that the forward selection methodology employing the C4.5 (C4.5 + FS) method outperforms the C4.5 and Naïve Bayes classification techniques. C4.5 + FS (Split Data 70:30) has an accuracy value of 76.74%, C4.5 + FS (Split Data 80:20) has an accuracy value of 78.95%, C4.5 + FS (Split Data 90:10) has an accuracy value of 78.57%, C4.5 (Split Data 70:30) has an accuracy value of 65.12%, and Naïve Bayes (Split Data is 70:30) has an accuracy value 85.55%. In comparison to typical classification algorithms (C4.5 and Naïve Bayes), the average accuracy values increased by 12.97% and 8.32%, respectively. In terms of precision, recall, and F-measure, the forward selection strategy utilizing the C4.5 method beat all other classification techniques, achieving 79.84%, 92.50%, and 85.55%, respectively. In addition, the results demonstrated an increase in the average Area Under Curve (AUC) from 0.628 to 0.732%. Therefore, it can be inferred that the forward selection strategy can be applied to the Breast Cancer Data Set in order to increase the accuracy value of classification method C4.5.

Background: Long-term effects of the disease were founded and described as post-COVID-19 syndrome post-COVID syndrome are the symptoms that develop and last for four weeks or even months and cannot be explained by an alternative diagnosis; symptoms may remain for >3 months. The cause of persistent symptoms is unclear. Objectives: This study aimed to Estimate the prevalence of residual symptoms among a sample of people infected with COVID-19 who survived and recovered in Erbil city and to find out the relation between the severity of the disease and post-COVID-19 syndrome. And to know the incidence of post-COVID-19 syndrome in chronic disease patients.

Patients and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 6 primary health care centers in 6 municipalities in Erbil city, Kurdistan region, Iraq. A convenience sample of randomly selected 300 patients was involved in the study depending on inclusion criteria. For one year, starting from March 1, 2021, until the end of February 2022.

Results: The prevalence of post-COVID syndrome among the 300 cases was 54.67%. Of these cases, 11.7% had one symptom, 26% had two signs, and 17% had with three or more symptoms. There was a significant statistical association between persistent symptoms and the severity of COVID-19. Also, there was a substantial statistical association between persistent symptoms and chronic disease, most (67.9%) respondents with post-COVID-19 syndromes suffered from chronic disease, and the p-value was 0.001. There was a significant statistical association between persistent symptoms and disease duration; most (73%) of cases with post-COVID-19 syndrome got the disease from 7 to 14 days, while 54.5% of them struggled with COVID-19 for >14 days.

Conclusion: Most people who have recovered from COVID-19 have many long-lasting symptoms that make it hard to go about their daily lives. This is now called a post-COVID syndrome. Getting to this status could have been caused by several things. Age, gender, whether a person has a chronic disease, disease severity, and duration are all things to consider, Even though all COVID-19 victims should be kept an eye on for long-term evaluation and treatment of post-COVID symptoms.

Based on human capital theory, the goal of this study was to look into the role of innovation capabilities in the UAE healthcare sector's competitiveness. Following the qualitative research design, data were gathered through interviews with 90 experts and professionals working in the health industry in UAE. Furthermore, the study also analyzed the UAE's Human Development Index (HDI), innovation capacities, and human development competitiveness from 2014 to 2020 using the conceptual statistics of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) obtained in the health sector. Results revealed that UAE achieved some positive indicator results from 2020 to 2021. In addition, there are significant areas of improvement through which the UAE can build a better rank in the global competitiveness index of the health sector. The study provided key policy insights for understanding the strengths and weaknesses of innovation capabilities and human development competitiveness in the healthcare sector. Avenues of growth policy and future research directions are suggested.

Deep learning in medical image analysis has indicated increasing interest in the classification of signs of abnormalities. In this study, a new convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture (MIDNet18) Medical Image Detection Network was proposed for the classification of retinal diseases using optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. The model consists of 14 convolutional layers, seven Max Pooling layers, four dense layers, and one classification layer. A multi-class classification layer in the MIDNet18 is used to classify the OCT images into either normal or any of the three abnormal types: Choroidal Neovascularization (CNV), Drusen, and Diabetic Macular Edema (DME). The dataset consists of 83,484 training images, 41,741 validation images, and 968 test images. According to the experimental results, MIDNet18 obtains an accuracy of 98.86%, and their performances are compared with other standard CNN models; ResNet-50 (83.26%), MobileNet (93.29%) and DenseNet (92.5%). Also, MIDNet18 with a p-value < 0.001 has been proved to be statistically significant than other standard CNN architectures in classifying retinal diseases using OCT images.

The bone grafts taken from the patient himself (Auto genius graft) to restore the contour of the lost facial bone lost is the ideal technique on the road to recovery from injuries of war or traffic accidents. This novel surgical procedure utilizes a new modified Problast painted with a mixture of a biocompatible materials to restore the lost parts of the zygomatic bones, due to traffic accidents, shell injuries, or bullet injuries.

Background: Menstrual problems with all manifestations ranging from life-threatening bleeding to amenorrhea are considered patterns of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), which is until now a popular reason for referral to the gynaecologic clinic and requires a special diagnostic tool.

Objective: To assess the accuracy of hysteroscopy in diagnosing endometrial pathologies and to compare it with sonographic and histopathologic reports.

Patients and methods: A prospective study conducted in the Baghdad Teaching Hospital on 60 Iraqi females having varying complaints from abnormal uterine bleeding in pre- and post-menopausal women, infertility, and chronic pelvic pain with normal or abnormal ultrasound findings. Office hysteroscopy was done and an endometrial biopsy was obtained for histopathology for a period of 10 months between September 2020 and June 2021.

Results: The current study showed that hysteroscopy was more accurate in diagnosing sensitivity of endometrial poly (100%), fibroids (83%), hyperplasia (84.2%), and cancer (50%) whereas ultrasounds were more accurate in diagnosing sensitivity to endometrial myoma (90%). Hysteroscopy and ultrasound showed low sensitivity in detecting endometrial cancer (50% and 34%, respectively).

Conclusion: Although a transvaginal ultrasound was considered an integral part in the diagnosis of endometrial pathologies, it can be used for initial investigation, however, when suspecting endometrial pathology, hysteroscopy can be more advanced for evaluation, immediate treatment of endometrial masses, and obtaining targeted biopsies. Hysteroscopy showed high sensitivity in detecting endometrial polyps.

Aim: The aim of this study was to prepare a polyherbal mouthwash and evaluate its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory efficacy against commercially available herbal mouthwash. The objective was to signify whether the novel herbal combination (extracts of Zingiber officinale [ginger], Curcuma longa [turmeric], and Syzygium aromaticum [clove] 5% v/w) could be a better alternative to commercially available herbal mouthwashes.

Materials and methods: An in vitro study was undertaken in which extracts of Z. officinale (ginger), C. longa (turmeric), and S. aromaticum (clove) 5% v/w were used. Seven different concentrations were prepared and tested against Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans, and Staphylococcus aureus in Mueller-Hinton agar medium. Plates were incubated aerobically at 37° C for 48 h, and the zone of inhibition was measured using a vernier caliper. Commercially available herbal mouthwash (Hiora) was used as a control group. The data were analyzed by descriptive analytics.

Results: Results showed that the efficacy of novel polyherbal mouthwash had comparatively less significant antimicrobial properties against the microorganisms as compared to the commercially available herbal mouthwash. The minimum inhibitory concentration was also found to be very high, that is, 100 μg/mL.

Conclusion: There was no significant antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects for the polyherbal mouthwash as compared to commercially available herbal mouthwash (Hiora). Because this combination is readily available, it can be a cost-effective alternative to commercially available herbal mouthwashes.

Aim: To study and systematize the complaints of patients with removable prostheses, paying attention to the clinical manifestation of the torus and its sensitivity, and to determine the effectiveness of the use of two-layer bases in removable prosthetics.

Methods: In the clinic of orthopedic dentistry, 104 people were examined and received orthopedic treatment, including 37 patients in the comparison group. The main number of patients up to 55.3, complained of poor fixation and violation of the chewing process. In order to improve the functional efficiency of the removable prosthesis, two-layer bases using soft linings, Gossil (Russia), Furji (Japan), and Mucopren (Germany), are proposed. Clinical and laboratory studies were conducted (Estesmary, gattingeri, physico-mechanical studies of soft linings). The effectiveness of using soft pads in removable prosthetics is shown. The conducted research allowed creating a clinical classification of the torus depending on the pain sensitivity of the oral mucosa-type I-painless torus, type II-moderately painful, and type III-painful when touched. The features of the technology for manufacturing two-layer bases for type II and type III of torus are recommended.

Results: It was found that 47.9% of patients in the comparison group and 55.3% of those examined in the main group complained about impaired chewing and poor fixation of dentures on the upper and lower jaws, depending on the condition of oral tissues. The patients did not always objectively assess the condition of their dentures. Patients complained about lack of stabilization, poor-quality dentures, and the need to replace the old denture with a new one in 13.8% of cases in the control group and 31.9% in the main group of patients examined.

Conclusion: In the case of removable denture wearers with a total lack of teeth, there were 55.3% complaints of chewing disorders and poor fixation of dentures, and in the case of partially removable denture wearers, the greatest number of complaints of clasp fixation disorders were found in 42.1% of cases. Physico-mechanical study of soft linings from different countries, Gossil (Russia), Fuji (Japan), Mukopren (Germany), showed their effectiveness and the possibility of their use orthopedic dentistry.

Background and aim: It is known that anticipatory processes play a leading role in the regulation of behavior. These processes act as a leading mechanism of the link in the mental regulation of behavior and activity. Violation of processes anticipates to a mismatch in the work of the adaption system, and, as a result, to maladaptive behavior. However, many issues related to the detection of anticipation disorders in various manifestations of diseases have been insufficiently studied. The features of individual prognosis depending on diseases are studied here.

Materials and methods: As part of the work, 29 people were examined, of which 25 (86.2%) were women and 4 (13.8%) were men with a diagnosis of "adaptive reaction disorder" from the ICD-10 section "Neurotic and stress-related disorders" (F43.2) at the age of 20-65 years. Clinical-psychopathological and experimental-psychological research methods were applied (V.D. Mendelevich's test of anticipation, L.A. Regush's "Ability to predict" test, Lazarus' coping test, clinical questionnaire for the identification and evaluation of neurotic states). Statistical analysis was carried out using the program "IBM SPSS Statistics 25." The Shapiro-Wilk criterion, Pearson's chi-squared test, Fisher's exact criterion, Student's t-criterion, Mann-Whitney U criterion, Kruskal-Wallis H criterion, Pearson correlation, Spearman's correlation, and diagrams (columnar and span) were used.

Results: The presence of solvency in general anticipation reduced the severity of coping strategies «distancing» (P = 0.048, r = -0.371) and «escape - avoiding» (P = 0.048, r = -0.370), also personal-situational anticipatory consistency reduced severity of «escape - avoiding» (P = 0.017, r = -0.438).

Conclusion: The anticipatory abilities and coping strategies in disorder of adaptive reactions were correlated. Patients with developed anticipation abilities are less likely to use no constructive coping strategies.