Pub Date : 2025-07-15DOI: 10.1016/j.jrt.2025.100125
Dion R.J. O’Neale , Daniel Wilson , Paul T. Brown , Pascarn Dickinson , Manakore Rikus-Graham , Asia Ropeti
As the scope and prevalence of algorithmic systems and artificial intelligence for decision making expand, there is a growing understanding of the need for approaches to help with anticipating adverse consequences and to support the development and deployment of algorithmic systems that are socially responsible and ethically aware. This has led to increasing interest in "decolonising" algorithmic systems as a method of managing and mitigating harms and biases from algorithms and for supporting social benefits from algorithmic decision making for Indigenous peoples.
This article presents ten simple guidelines for giving practical effect to foundational Māori (the Indigenous people of Aotearoa New Zealand) principles in the design, deployment, and operation of algorithmic systems. The guidelines are based on previously established literature regarding ethical use of Māori data. Where possible we have related these guidelines and recommendations to other development practices, for example, to open-source software.
While not intended to be exhaustive or extensive, we hope that these guidelines are able to facilitate and encourage those who work with Māori data in algorithmic systems to engage with processes and practices that support culturally appropriate and ethical approaches for algorithmic systems.
{"title":"Ten simple guidelines for decolonising algorithmic systems","authors":"Dion R.J. O’Neale , Daniel Wilson , Paul T. Brown , Pascarn Dickinson , Manakore Rikus-Graham , Asia Ropeti","doi":"10.1016/j.jrt.2025.100125","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrt.2025.100125","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the scope and prevalence of algorithmic systems and artificial intelligence for decision making expand, there is a growing understanding of the need for approaches to help with anticipating adverse consequences and to support the development and deployment of algorithmic systems that are socially responsible and ethically aware. This has led to increasing interest in \"decolonising\" algorithmic systems as a method of managing and mitigating harms and biases from algorithms and for supporting social benefits from algorithmic decision making for Indigenous peoples.</div><div>This article presents ten simple guidelines for giving practical effect to foundational Māori (the Indigenous people of Aotearoa New Zealand) principles in the design, deployment, and operation of algorithmic systems. The guidelines are based on previously established literature regarding ethical use of Māori data. Where possible we have related these guidelines and recommendations to other development practices, for example, to open-source software.</div><div>While not intended to be exhaustive or extensive, we hope that these guidelines are able to facilitate and encourage those who work with Māori data in algorithmic systems to engage with processes and practices that support culturally appropriate and ethical approaches for algorithmic systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of responsible technology","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144662246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-24DOI: 10.1016/j.jrt.2025.100123
Mrinalini Ravi , Swarna Tyagi , Vandana Gopikumar , Emma Emily de Wit , Joske Bunders , Deborah Padgett , Barbara Regeer
Involving persons with lived experience in knowledge generation through participatory research (PR) has become increasingly important to challenge power structures in knowledge production and research. In the case of persons with lived experiences of mental illness, participatory research has gained popularity since the early 70 s, but there is little empirical work from countries like India on how PR can be implemented in psychiatric settings.
This study focuses on exploring the way persons with lived experiences of mental illness can be engaged as peer researchers in a service utilisation audit of The Banyan’s inpatient, outpatient and inclusive living facilities. The audit was an attempt by The Banyan to co-opt clients as peer-researchers, thereby enhancing participatory approaches to care planning and provision. Notes and transcripts of research process activities (three meetings for training purposes), 180 interviews as part of the audit, as well as follow up Focus Group Discussions (n = 4) conducted with 18 peer researchers, were used to document their experiences and gather feedback on the training and research process.
We foundthat, reflected against the lack of formal education in the past, the opportunity and support received to be part of a research endeavour, elicited a sense of pride, relief, and liberation in peer researchers. Additionally, actualising the role of an academic and researcher, and not just being passive responders to people in positions of intellectual and systemic power, engendered a sense of responsibility and accountability to peer researchers, and to the mental health system. Thirdly, supporting persons with experiences of mental illness in participatory research activities, especially in the context of low resource settings, requires specific consideration of practical conditions and adjustments needed to avoid tokenism. Finally, both peer- and staff researchers spoke about persisting hierarchies between them which deserve attention.
We conclude that participatory research has a significant scope amongst clients from disadvantaged communities in low-resource settings. Respondents repeatedly expressed an urgency for persons with lived experience to contribute to mental health pedagogy, and, in so doing, disrupt archaic treatment approaches.. Experiences from this enquiry also call for a rethink on how training in research can be developed for individuals without formal education and with cognitive difficulties, with the help of auditory support systemssuch that key concepts are available and accessible, and long-term memory becomes less of a deterrent in the pursuit of knowledge and truth.
{"title":"Participatory research in low resource settings - Endeavours in epistemic justice at the Banyan, India","authors":"Mrinalini Ravi , Swarna Tyagi , Vandana Gopikumar , Emma Emily de Wit , Joske Bunders , Deborah Padgett , Barbara Regeer","doi":"10.1016/j.jrt.2025.100123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrt.2025.100123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Involving persons with lived experience in knowledge generation through participatory research (PR) has become increasingly important to challenge power structures in knowledge production and research. In the case of persons with lived experiences of mental illness, participatory research has gained popularity since the early 70 s, but there is little empirical work from countries like India on how PR can be implemented in psychiatric settings.</div><div>This study focuses on exploring the way persons with lived experiences of mental illness can be engaged as peer researchers in a service utilisation audit of The Banyan’s inpatient, outpatient and inclusive living facilities. The audit was an attempt by The Banyan to co-opt clients as peer-researchers, thereby enhancing participatory approaches to care planning and provision. Notes and transcripts of research process activities (three meetings for training purposes), 180 interviews as part of the audit, as well as follow up Focus Group Discussions (<em>n</em> = 4) conducted with 18 peer researchers, were used to document their experiences and gather feedback on the training and research process.</div><div>We foundthat, reflected against the lack of formal education in the past, the opportunity and support received to be part of a research endeavour, elicited a sense of pride, relief, and liberation in peer researchers. Additionally, actualising the role of an academic and researcher, and not just being passive responders to people in positions of intellectual and systemic power, engendered a sense of responsibility and accountability to peer researchers, and to the mental health system. Thirdly, supporting persons with experiences of mental illness in participatory research activities, especially in the context of low resource settings, requires specific consideration of practical conditions and adjustments needed to avoid tokenism. Finally, both peer- and staff researchers spoke about persisting hierarchies between them which deserve attention.</div><div>We conclude that participatory research has a significant scope amongst clients from disadvantaged communities in low-resource settings. Respondents repeatedly expressed an urgency for persons with lived experience to contribute to mental health pedagogy, and, in so doing, disrupt archaic treatment approaches.. Experiences from this enquiry also call for a rethink on how training in research can be developed for individuals without formal education and with cognitive difficulties, with the help of auditory support systemssuch that key concepts are available and accessible, and long-term memory becomes less of a deterrent in the pursuit of knowledge and truth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of responsible technology","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jrt.2025.100121
Mark Graves , Emanuele Ratti
Responsible artificial intelligence (AI) requires integrating ethical awareness into the full process of designing and developing AI, including ethics-based auditing of AI technology. We claim the Capability Approach (CA) of Sen and Nussbaum grounds AI ethics in essential human freedoms and can increase awareness of the moral dimension in the technical decision making of developers and data scientists constructing data-centric AI systems. Our use of CA focuses awareness on the ethical impact that day-to-day technical decisions have on the freedom of data subjects to make choices and live meaningful lives according to their own values. For internal auditing of AI technology development, we design and develop a light-weight ethical auditing tool (LEAT) that uses simple natural language processing (NLP) techniques to search design and development documents for relevant ethical characterizations. We describe how CA guides our design, demonstrate LEAT on both principle- and capabilities-based use cases, and characterize its limitations.
{"title":"A capability approach to ethical development and internal auditing of AI technology","authors":"Mark Graves , Emanuele Ratti","doi":"10.1016/j.jrt.2025.100121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrt.2025.100121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Responsible artificial intelligence (AI) requires integrating ethical awareness into the full process of designing and developing AI, including ethics-based auditing of AI technology. We claim the Capability Approach (CA) of Sen and Nussbaum grounds AI ethics in essential human freedoms and can increase awareness of the moral dimension in the technical decision making of developers and data scientists constructing data-centric AI systems. Our use of CA focuses awareness on the ethical impact that day-to-day technical decisions have on the freedom of data subjects to make choices and live meaningful lives according to their own values. For internal auditing of AI technology development, we design and develop a light-weight ethical auditing tool (LEAT) that uses simple natural language processing (NLP) techniques to search design and development documents for relevant ethical characterizations. We describe how CA guides our design, demonstrate LEAT on both principle- and capabilities-based use cases, and characterize its limitations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of responsible technology","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144243259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-27DOI: 10.1016/j.jrt.2025.100120
Else Giesbers , Kelly Rijswijk , Mark Ryan , Mashiat Hossain , Aneesh Chauhan
Value Sensitive Design (VSD) aims to take societal values on board in the design of innovative technologies. While a lot has been written on VSD and the added value of using it for technology development, limited literature is available on its application to the agri-food sector. This article describes a VSD case study on an agri-food robotic system and reflects on the insights into the added value of using VSD. This paper concludes that while VSD contributes to broadening the perspective of technical researchers about non-technical requirements, its application in this case is constrained by five factors related to the nature of the VSD approach: i) lack of clarity on dealing with conflicting values; ii) the ideal timing of VSD is unclear; iii) VSD lacks effectiveness when technology is outsourced; iv) VSD does not account for time and context specificness of values; and v) the operationalisation of values in VSD.
{"title":"A robot with human values: assessing value-sensitive design in an agri-food context","authors":"Else Giesbers , Kelly Rijswijk , Mark Ryan , Mashiat Hossain , Aneesh Chauhan","doi":"10.1016/j.jrt.2025.100120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrt.2025.100120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Value Sensitive Design (VSD) aims to take societal values on board in the design of innovative technologies. While a lot has been written on VSD and the added value of using it for technology development, limited literature is available on its application to the agri-food sector. This article describes a VSD case study on an agri-food robotic system and reflects on the insights into the added value of using VSD. This paper concludes that while VSD contributes to broadening the perspective of technical researchers about non-technical requirements, its application in this case is constrained by five factors related to the nature of the VSD approach: i) lack of clarity on dealing with conflicting values; ii) the ideal timing of VSD is unclear; iii) VSD lacks effectiveness when technology is outsourced; iv) VSD does not account for time and context specificness of values; and v) the operationalisation of values in VSD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of responsible technology","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143898947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-18DOI: 10.1016/j.jrt.2025.100119
Dorothee Horstkötter , Mariël Kanne , Simona Karbouniaris , Noussair Lazrak , Maria Bulgheroni , Ella Sheltawy , Laura Giani , Margherita La Gamba , Esmeralda Ruiz Pujadas , Marina Camacho , Finty Royle , Irene Baggetto , Sinan Gülöksüz , Bart Rutten , Jim van Os
This article explores the decision-making processes in the ongoing development of an AI-supported youth mental health app. Document analysis reveals decisions taken during the grant proposal and funding phase and reflects upon reasons why AI is incorporated in innovative youth mental health care. An innovative multilogue among the transdisciplinary team of researchers, covering ethicists, social scientists, AI-experts, biomedical engineers, young experts by experience, and psychiatrists points out which decisions are taken how. This covers i) the role of a biomedical and exposomic understanding of psychiatry as compared to a phenomenological and experiential perspective, ii) the impact and limits of AI-co-creation by young experts by experience and mental health experts, and iii) the different perspectives regarding the impact of AI on autonomy, empowerment and human relationships. The multilogue does not merely highlight different steps taken during human decision-making in AI-development, it also raises awareness about the many complexities, and sometimes contradictions, when engaging in transdisciplinary work, and it points towards ethical challenges of digitalized youth mental health care.
{"title":"Decision-making on an AI-supported youth mental health app: A multilogue among ethicists, social scientists, AI-researchers, biomedical engineers, young experiential experts, and psychiatrists","authors":"Dorothee Horstkötter , Mariël Kanne , Simona Karbouniaris , Noussair Lazrak , Maria Bulgheroni , Ella Sheltawy , Laura Giani , Margherita La Gamba , Esmeralda Ruiz Pujadas , Marina Camacho , Finty Royle , Irene Baggetto , Sinan Gülöksüz , Bart Rutten , Jim van Os","doi":"10.1016/j.jrt.2025.100119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrt.2025.100119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article explores the decision-making processes in the ongoing development of an AI-supported youth mental health app. Document analysis reveals decisions taken during the grant proposal and funding phase and reflects upon reasons <em>why</em> AI is incorporated in innovative youth mental health care. An innovative multilogue among the transdisciplinary team of researchers, covering ethicists, social scientists, AI-experts, biomedical engineers, young experts by experience, and psychiatrists points out <em>which</em> decisions are taken <em>how</em>. This covers i) the role of a biomedical and exposomic understanding of psychiatry as compared to a phenomenological and experiential perspective, ii) the impact and limits of AI-co-creation by young experts by experience and mental health experts, and iii) the different perspectives regarding the impact of AI on autonomy, empowerment and human relationships. The multilogue does not merely highlight different steps taken during human decision-making in AI-development, it also raises awareness about the many complexities, and sometimes contradictions, when engaging in transdisciplinary work, and it points towards ethical challenges of digitalized youth mental health care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of responsible technology","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143867928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-03DOI: 10.1016/j.jrt.2025.100118
I.M. Muis, J. Straatman, B.A. Kamphorst
Since the initial development of the Fundamental Rights and Algorithms Impact Assessment (FRAIA) in 2021, there has been an increasing interest from public sector organizations to gain experience with performing a FRAIA in contexts of developing, procuring, and deploying AI systems. In this contribution, we share observations from fifteen FRAIA trajectories performed in the field within the Dutch public sector context. Based on our experiences facilitating these trajectories, we offer a set of recommendations directed at practitioners with the aim of helping organizations make the best use of FRAIA and similar impact assessment instruments. We conclude by calling for the development of an informal FRAIA community in which practical handholds and advice can be shared to promote responsible AI innovation by ensuring that the human decision making around AI and other algorithms is well informed and well documented with respect to the protection of fundamental rights.
{"title":"Responsible AI innovation in the public sector: Lessons from and recommendations for facilitating Fundamental Rights and Algorithms Impact Assessments","authors":"I.M. Muis, J. Straatman, B.A. Kamphorst","doi":"10.1016/j.jrt.2025.100118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrt.2025.100118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since the initial development of the Fundamental Rights and Algorithms Impact Assessment (FRAIA) in 2021, there has been an increasing interest from public sector organizations to gain experience with performing a FRAIA in contexts of developing, procuring, and deploying AI systems. In this contribution, we share observations from fifteen FRAIA trajectories performed in the field within the Dutch public sector context. Based on our experiences facilitating these trajectories, we offer a set of recommendations directed at practitioners with the aim of helping organizations make the best use of FRAIA and similar impact assessment instruments. We conclude by calling for the development of an informal FRAIA community in which practical handholds and advice can be shared to promote responsible AI innovation by ensuring that the human decision making around AI and other algorithms is well informed and well documented with respect to the protection of fundamental rights.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of responsible technology","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-02DOI: 10.1016/j.jrt.2025.100117
Rui Miguel Frazão Dias Ferreira , António GRILO , Maria MAIA
Recently, frameworks and guidelines aiming to assist trustworthiness in organizations and assess ethical issues related to the development and use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) have been translated into self-assessment checklists and other instruments. However, such tools can be very time consuming to apply. Aiming to develop a more practical tool, an Industry-Wide Maturity Model for Responsible AI was piloted in 3 companies and 2 research centres, in Portugal. Results show that organizations are aware of requirements (44 %) to deploy a responsible AI approach and have a reactive response to its implementation, as they are willing to integrate other requirements (33 %) into their business processes. The proposed Model was welcomed and showed openness from companies to consistently use it, since it helped to identify gaps and needs when it comes to foster a more trustworthy approach to the development and deployment of AI.
{"title":"Piloting a maturity model for responsible artificial intelligence: A portuguese case study","authors":"Rui Miguel Frazão Dias Ferreira , António GRILO , Maria MAIA","doi":"10.1016/j.jrt.2025.100117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrt.2025.100117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, frameworks and guidelines aiming to assist trustworthiness in organizations and assess ethical issues related to the development and use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) have been translated into self-assessment checklists and other instruments. However, such tools can be very time consuming to apply. Aiming to develop a more practical tool, an Industry-Wide Maturity Model for Responsible AI was piloted in 3 companies and 2 research centres, in Portugal. Results show that organizations are aware of requirements (44 %) to deploy a responsible AI approach and have a reactive response to its implementation, as they are willing to integrate other requirements (33 %) into their business processes. The proposed Model was welcomed and showed openness from companies to consistently use it, since it helped to identify gaps and needs when it comes to foster a more trustworthy approach to the development and deployment of AI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of responsible technology","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-22DOI: 10.1016/j.jrt.2025.100116
Marco Tamborini
In this article, I focus on a specific aspect of biorobotics: biohybrid interaction between bioinspired robots and animals. My goal is to analyze the ethical and epistemic implications of this practice, starting with a central question: Is it ethically permissible to have a bioinspired robot that mimics and reproduces the behaviors and/or morphology of an animal interact with a particular population, even if the animals do not know that the object they are interacting with is a robot and not a conspecific? My answer to the ethical question is that the interaction between animals and bioinspired robots is ethically acceptable if the animal actively participates in the language game (sense Coeckelbergh) established with the robot. I proceed as follows: First, I define the field of biorobotics and describe its four macro-categories. Second, I present concrete examples of interactive biorobotics, showing two emblematic cases in which the relationship between bioinspired robots and animals plays a central role. Third, I address one key issue—among many—in applied ethics regarding my ethical question. Fourth, I explore the ethical question on a metaethical level, making use of the theories of David Gunkel and Mark Coeckelbergh, as well as the linguistic approach and ethics of the late Ludwig Wittgenstein. Last, I argue that from a meta-ethical approach the original ethical question turns out to be misplaced. The ethical boundary lies not in the distinction between a real or fake relationship between the robot and the organism, but in the degree of mutual participation and understanding between the entities involved.
{"title":"The ethics of bioinspired animal-robot interaction: A relational meta-ethical approach","authors":"Marco Tamborini","doi":"10.1016/j.jrt.2025.100116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrt.2025.100116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this article, I focus on a specific aspect of biorobotics: biohybrid interaction between bioinspired robots and animals. My goal is to analyze the ethical and epistemic implications of this practice, starting with a central question<em>:</em> Is it ethically permissible to have a bioinspired robot that mimics and reproduces the behaviors and/or morphology of an animal interact with a particular population, even if the animals do not know that the object they are interacting with is a robot and not a conspecific? My answer to the ethical question is that the interaction between animals and bioinspired robots is ethically acceptable if the animal actively participates in the language game (sense Coeckelbergh) established with the robot. I proceed as follows: First, I define the field of biorobotics and describe its four macro-categories. Second, I present concrete examples of interactive biorobotics, showing two emblematic cases in which the relationship between bioinspired robots and animals plays a central role. Third, I address one key issue—among many—in applied ethics regarding my ethical question. Fourth, I explore the ethical question on a metaethical level, making use of the theories of David Gunkel and Mark Coeckelbergh, as well as the linguistic approach and ethics of the late Ludwig Wittgenstein. Last, I argue that from a meta-ethical approach the original ethical question turns out to be misplaced. The ethical boundary lies not in the distinction between a real or fake relationship between the robot and the organism, but in the degree of mutual participation and understanding between the entities involved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of responsible technology","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-14DOI: 10.1016/j.jrt.2025.100115
Marco Innocenti
This paper investigates the ethical challenges faced by AI-driven start-ups, where the rapid pace of innovation and limited resources often preclude team members from fully understanding the product under development or its societal implications. We propose the concept of “swarm moral reflexivity”, where ethical reflection emerges collectively from the interactions of individuals focused on their specific tasks. Drawing on Swarm Intelligence theories and Alasdair MacIntyre's framework of moral deliberation, this approach enables teams to engage with ethical issues through daily encounters with conflicting responsibilities, rather than relying on top-down value systems or comprehensive ethical oversight. Our model suggests that decentralised, collective moral awareness can effectively support Responsible Innovation in AI start-ups, ensuring that ethical concerns are recognised and addressed throughout the development process, even in fast-paced and resource-constrained environments.
{"title":"Reflexivity and AI start-ups: A collective virtue for dynamic teams","authors":"Marco Innocenti","doi":"10.1016/j.jrt.2025.100115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrt.2025.100115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the ethical challenges faced by AI-driven start-ups, where the rapid pace of innovation and limited resources often preclude team members from fully understanding the product under development or its societal implications. We propose the concept of “swarm moral reflexivity”, where ethical reflection emerges collectively from the interactions of individuals focused on their specific tasks. Drawing on Swarm Intelligence theories and Alasdair MacIntyre's framework of moral deliberation, this approach enables teams to engage with ethical issues through daily encounters with conflicting responsibilities, rather than relying on top-down value systems or comprehensive ethical oversight. Our model suggests that decentralised, collective moral awareness can effectively support Responsible Innovation in AI start-ups, ensuring that ethical concerns are recognised and addressed throughout the development process, even in fast-paced and resource-constrained environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of responsible technology","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jrt.2025.100114
Beverley Townsend , Katie J. Parnell , Sinem Getir Yaman , Gabriel Nemirovsky , Radu Calinescu
We have become increasingly reliant on the decision-making capabilities of autonomous agents. These decisions are often executed under non-ideal conditions, offer significant moral risk, and directly affect human well-being. Such decisions may involve the choice to optimise one value over another: promoting safety over human autonomy, or ensuring accuracy over fairness, for example. All too often decision-making of this kind requires a level of normative evaluation involving ethically defensible moral choices and value judgements, compromises, and trade-offs. Guided by normative principles such decisions inform the possible courses of action the agent may take and may even change a set of established actionable courses.
This paper seeks to map the decision-making processes in normative choice scenarios wherein autonomous agents are intrinsically linked to the decision process. A care-robot is used to illustrate how a normative choice - underpinned by normative principles - arises, where the agent must ‘choose’ an actionable path involving the administration of critical or non-critical medication. Critically, the choice is dependent upon the trade-off involving two normative principles: respect for human autonomy and the prevention of harm. An additional dimension is presented, that of the inclusion of the urgency of the medication to be administered, which further informs and changes the course of action to be followed.
We offer a means to map decision-making involving a normative choice within a decision ladder using stakeholder input, and, using defeasibility, we show how specification rules with defeaters can be written to operationalise such choice.
{"title":"Normative conflict resolution through human–autonomous agent interaction","authors":"Beverley Townsend , Katie J. Parnell , Sinem Getir Yaman , Gabriel Nemirovsky , Radu Calinescu","doi":"10.1016/j.jrt.2025.100114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrt.2025.100114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We have become increasingly reliant on the decision-making capabilities of autonomous agents. These decisions are often executed under non-ideal conditions, offer significant moral risk, and directly affect human well-being. Such decisions may involve the choice to optimise one value over another: promoting safety over human autonomy, or ensuring accuracy over fairness, for example. All too often decision-making of this kind requires a level of normative evaluation involving ethically defensible moral choices and value judgements, compromises, and trade-offs. Guided by normative principles such decisions inform the possible courses of action the agent may take and may even change a set of established actionable courses.</div><div>This paper seeks to map the decision-making processes in normative choice scenarios wherein autonomous agents are intrinsically linked to the decision process. A care-robot is used to illustrate how a normative choice - underpinned by normative principles - arises, where the agent must ‘choose’ an actionable path involving the administration of critical or non-critical medication. Critically, the choice is dependent upon the trade-off involving two normative principles: respect for human autonomy and the prevention of harm. An additional dimension is presented, that of the inclusion of the urgency of the medication to be administered, which further informs and changes the course of action to be followed.</div><div>We offer a means to map decision-making involving a normative choice within a decision ladder using stakeholder input, and, using defeasibility, we show how specification rules with defeaters can be written to operationalise such choice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of responsible technology","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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