Journal of the Royal Society of Health最新文献

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Contact dermatitis--the preventable disease. 接触性皮炎——可预防的疾病。

Journal of the Royal Society of Health

Pub Date : 1997-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/146642409711700514

employers estimated at £20 million. Yet it is preventable with knowledge and training in the right prevention techniques. This excellent and informative conference aimed to arm employers with the tools to avoid these losses and to maximise their employees’ safety. The many years of experience of the speakers were backed up by the practical solutions offered by the exhibitors. Delegates were welcomed by Dr Jacques Tamin, a member of the Society’s Council with day-to-day responsibility for occupational health and safety (and writer of a regular column on the subject for the Journal) before the day’s proceedings were opened by Dr John Cooper, Senior Medical Adviser (UK), Unilever. He stressed that occupational health should evolve as not just

引用次数: 0

Tackling the tobacco challenge: achieving 'healthy public policy' in tobacco control in Guernsey. 应对烟草挑战:在根西岛实现烟草控制方面的"健康公共政策"。

Journal of the Royal Society of Health

Pub Date : 1997-10-01 DOI: 10.1108/09654289710172469

D. Jeffs, A. Hodgkinson

Scientific evidence identifying smoking as the major cause of poor health and premature death in both industrialised and increasingly in developing countries is now overwhelming. Despite this, for a variety of reasons, there has been reluctance amongst many Governments including that of Britain, to take all logical action necessary to restrict and reduce smoking, especially amongst the young. The States of Guernsey in the Channel Islands has recently agreed to introduce an integrated package of measures designed specifically to make smoking less attractive and less accessible and less affordable to young people in an attempt to reduce the number of addicted adult smokers. These measures include a total ban of all public advertising of tobacco, apart from at point of sale, a substantial price rise followed by further price rises for a minimum period of five years, a raising of the minimum age for the purchase of tobacco from 16 to 18 years, an increase in the size and content of pack health warnings, and increased funding for specific nonsmoking health promotion activities. The various barriers to achieving these reforms are described.

科学证据表明，无论是在工业化国家还是越来越多的发展中国家，吸烟都是健康状况不佳和过早死亡的主要原因。尽管如此，由于各种原因，包括英国在内的许多政府不愿采取一切合乎逻辑的必要行动来限制和减少吸烟，特别是在年轻人中。海峡群岛的根西群岛最近同意采取一套综合措施，具体目的是降低吸烟对年轻人的吸引力，使他们更难以获得和负担得起吸烟，以期减少上瘾的成年吸烟者的人数。这些措施包括全面禁止除销售点以外的所有烟草公共广告，大幅提高价格，然后至少在五年内进一步提高价格，将购买烟草的最低年龄从16岁提高到18岁，增加包装上健康警语的大小和内容，以及增加对具体的不吸烟健康促进活动的资助。描述了实现这些改革的各种障碍。

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引用次数: 2

Psychological effects of cardiac surgery: a review of the literature. 心脏手术的心理影响:文献综述。

Journal of the Royal Society of Health

Pub Date : 1997-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/146642409711700410

F V Gardner, E V Worwood

Cardiac surgery is now offered to more patients than ever before. Different age groups are affected by different forms of the disease and, as a result, patients range from new born infants to those in their eighties. In recent years attention has begun to focus on the psychological effects of such surgery. This article considers current research into the cognitive, psychiatric and psychological changes associated with cardiac surgery, with specific reference to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

心脏手术现在提供给比以往任何时候都多的病人。不同的年龄组受到不同形式的疾病的影响，因此，患者范围从新生儿到80多岁的人。近年来，人们开始关注这类手术对心理的影响。本文综述了目前与心脏手术相关的认知、精神和心理变化的研究，特别提到了冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)。

引用次数: 14

Health promotion and primary care. The Society's Annual Lecture for 1997. 促进健康和初级保健。1997年协会年度演讲。

Journal of the Royal Society of Health

Pub Date : 1997-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/146642409711700411

D P Gray

引用次数: 1

"An awful visitation of providence": the Irish Famine of 1845-49. “天意的可怕降临”:1845- 1849年的爱尔兰饥荒。

Journal of the Royal Society of Health

Pub Date : 1997-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/146642409711700404

T E Jordan

This essay examines the condition of Ireland before, during and after the famine which began in 1845 when the potato crop began to fail. A series of topics is presented: the quality of life, families, government aid, philanthropy, population changes, literacy, emigration, and public policy. The essay draws on the author's research quantifying the quality of life in Ireland, and on research analysing the heights of a sample of Irish army recruits in the famine era.

这篇文章考察了爱尔兰在饥荒之前、期间和之后的情况，这场饥荒始于1845年，当时马铃薯作物开始歉收。书中提出了一系列的主题:生活质量、家庭、政府援助、慈善事业、人口变化、识字、移民和公共政策。这篇文章借鉴了作者对爱尔兰生活质量的量化研究，以及对饥荒时期爱尔兰新兵样本身高的分析研究。

引用次数: 8

A health and safety system which works for small firms. 一个适用于小公司的健康和安全系统。

Journal of the Royal Society of Health

Pub Date : 1997-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/146642409711700403

J Borley

In 1996 the Health and Safety Commission (HSC) carried out its largest consultation exercise with small firms through the distribution of a discussion document. The document described what HSC knew about health and safety in small firms; what worries small firms had, and what HSC was doing to help. The Commission asked for views from small firms on the problems and what should be done to help. Responses to the discussion document were analysed and form the basis of the Commission’s strategy for small firms. This article describes the background and environment against which this strategy has been formulated.

引用次数: 12

Re: The Society's multi-disciplinary membership. 回复:学会的多学科成员。

Journal of the Royal Society of Health

Pub Date : 1997-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/146642409711700408

A J Hawkes

引用次数: 0

South African communities' perceptions and priorities for well-being. 南非社区对福祉的看法和优先事项。

Journal of the Royal Society of Health

Pub Date : 1997-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/146642409711700405

A K Beke, D J Kocks, A Meyer

Surveys were conducted using a pre-tested questionnaire in 1991 and 1993 in South Africa to find out how the people perceive the government's social responsibility with special reference to the provision of free health care and other determinants of well-being. Provision of jobs for the unemployed and free education were identified to be the main priorities. Free health care ranked as the fifth priority. The study supports the call for increasing participation of communities in determining and prioritising their needs. It also calls on health care professionals to support the communities by advocating for policies that are directed towards the perceived needs of the community and to use the present available resources efficiently.

1991年和1993年在南非使用预先测试的问卷进行了调查，以了解人民如何看待政府的社会责任，特别是关于提供免费保健和其他福利决定因素。为失业者提供工作和免费教育被确定为主要优先事项。免费保健被列为第五个优先事项。这项研究支持了增加社区参与确定其需求并确定其优先次序的呼吁。它还呼吁保健专业人员支持社区，倡导针对社区公认需求的政策，并有效利用现有资源。

引用次数: 0

Daily practices, study performance and health during the Ramadan fast. 斋月期间的日常练习、学习表现和健康。

Journal of the Royal Society of Health

Pub Date : 1997-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/146642409711700406

Z E Afifi

A cross-sectional study was carried out to explore the effect of the Ramadan fast on daily practices (life events, diet and smoking), health and performance of 265 university students. Analysis showed that more people got involved in stress reducing (watching TV, listening to the radio and visiting) and spiritual activities (prayers and reading Koran) during this month. They drank less caffeine-containing beverages and smoked less. Food intake appeared to improve during Ramadan with higher proportions eating foods from all food groups. The amount of foods did not differ significantly except in the case of foods from the cereal, meat and vegetable groups. Even though less, cereal consumption was still in the adequate range. Change in weight was variable. Weight loss was significantly more among the sick. A large proportion of the latter improved during the month especially those with irritable bowel syndrome and constipation. Reduced activity, study desire and concentration ability were reported by more than 50% of subjects.

为了探讨斋月斋戒对265名大学生的日常行为(生活事件、饮食和吸烟)、健康和表现的影响，进行了一项横断面研究。分析结果显示，本月进行减压(看电视、听广播、旅游)和精神活动(祈祷、读《经》)的人有所增加。他们少喝含咖啡因的饮料，也少抽烟。在斋月期间，食物摄入量似乎有所改善，吃所有食物组的食物的比例更高。除了谷类、肉类和蔬菜类食物外，食物的数量没有显著差异。尽管减少了，但谷物消费量仍在适当范围内。体重的变化是可变的。病人的体重下降明显更多。后者的很大一部分在一个月内有所改善，特别是那些患有肠易激综合征和便秘的人。超过50%的受试者报告活动、学习欲望和集中能力下降。

引用次数: 111

Lessons to be learned: a case study approach. Hyperactivity and confusion in the presentation of hyoscine overdose. 经验教训:案例研究方法。海莨菪碱过量表现的多动和混乱。

Journal of the Royal Society of Health

Pub Date : 1997-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/146642409711700409

N Ayub, D Donaldson, D Bedford, R Alloway, M Ryalls

The case report is presented of a ten-and-a-half year old boy with acute onset of confusion and visual hallucinations, subsequently confirmed to be due to hyoscine toxicity following ingestion of over-the-counter (OTC) travel sickness tablets. It is suggested that packs of such pills should carry a prominent cautionary label. A clear clinical history is very important--not only in aiding the differentiation of acute viral infections involving the central nervous system (such as acute encephalitis) from drug toxicity, but also in rationalizing any further diagnostic investigations. The possible underlying reasons for drug ingestion in this case are discussed.

该病例报告是一名10岁半的男孩，急性发作精神错乱和视觉幻觉，随后被证实是由于服用非处方(OTC)旅行病片剂后的水烟碱中毒。建议这类药片的包装上应该有醒目的警示标签。明确的临床病史非常重要，不仅有助于区分涉及中枢神经系统的急性病毒感染(如急性脑炎)和药物毒性，而且有助于进一步的诊断调查。讨论了在这种情况下药物摄入的可能的潜在原因。

引用次数: 3

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