Commentary to the special issue 'Therapeutic Apprenticeship: Uncovering Truth and Performing Responsibility' by Vania Smith-Oka.
Vania Smith Oka的特刊《治疗学徒：揭露真相和履行责任》评论。
{"title":"Apprenticeship, Or Learning to Be An Expert","authors":"Vania Smith-Oka","doi":"10.17157/mat.9.1.6993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17157/mat.9.1.6993","url":null,"abstract":"Commentary to the special issue 'Therapeutic Apprenticeship: Uncovering Truth and Performing Responsibility' by Vania Smith-Oka.","PeriodicalId":74160,"journal":{"name":"Medicine anthropology theory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45548358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vision is central to the apprenticeship of ophthalmology residency training. As clinicians who diagnose and treat diseases of the eye, ophthalmologists build their professional identities around the mission of safeguarding their patients’ sight. At the same time, ophthalmologists rely on their own vision as they peer into the eye to detect subtle signs of disease. Based on an extended ethnography of an ophthalmology residency programme, as well as autoethnographic analysis of ophthalmology training, this article explores how novice trainees learn to view the eye by considering two fundamental examination techniques. The first is slit lamp biomicroscopy, where a table-mounted microscope is used to view ocular structures in fine detail. The second is binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy, where examiners view the retina using a head-mounted instrument in conjunction with handheld lenses. Rather than framing visual interpretation as a cognitive exercise in identifying pathology, I instead consider these techniques as embodied practices where trainees must discipline their movement, attention, and use of instrumentation to make the eye visible. This process of embodiment, in turn, unfolds within a broader terrain of affects as trainees marvel at what they behold, yearn to see more, and fear the limitations of their own vision while they learn to perform challenging examination manoeuvres. Situating the ophthalmic examination in its embodied and affective contexts illustrates the sensibilities that ophthalmology residents come to inhabit during their apprenticeship and which undergird the visual expertise of ophthalmologists.
{"title":"Eyes in Sight: Embodiment, Affect, and Learning to See in Ophthalmology","authors":"Adam D Baim","doi":"10.17157/mat.9.1.5480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17157/mat.9.1.5480","url":null,"abstract":"Vision is central to the apprenticeship of ophthalmology residency training. As clinicians who diagnose and treat diseases of the eye, ophthalmologists build their professional identities around the mission of safeguarding their patients’ sight. At the same time, ophthalmologists rely on their own vision as they peer into the eye to detect subtle signs of disease. Based on an extended ethnography of an ophthalmology residency programme, as well as autoethnographic analysis of ophthalmology training, this article explores how novice trainees learn to view the eye by considering two fundamental examination techniques. The first is slit lamp biomicroscopy, where a table-mounted microscope is used to view ocular structures in fine detail. The second is binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy, where examiners view the retina using a head-mounted instrument in conjunction with handheld lenses. Rather than framing visual interpretation as a cognitive exercise in identifying pathology, I instead consider these techniques as embodied practices where trainees must discipline their movement, attention, and use of instrumentation to make the eye visible. This process of embodiment, in turn, unfolds within a broader terrain of affects as trainees marvel at what they behold, yearn to see more, and fear the limitations of their own vision while they learn to perform challenging examination manoeuvres. Situating the ophthalmic examination in its embodied and affective contexts illustrates the sensibilities that ophthalmology residents come to inhabit during their apprenticeship and which undergird the visual expertise of ophthalmologists.","PeriodicalId":74160,"journal":{"name":"Medicine anthropology theory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49565359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Commentary to the special issue 'Therapeutic Apprenticeship: Uncovering Truth and Performing Responsibility' by Rachel Prentice.
评论特刊“治疗学徒:发现真相和履行责任”由雷切尔·普伦蒂斯。
{"title":"Making Apprenticeship Training Visible","authors":"Rachel Prentice","doi":"10.17157/mat.9.1.6992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17157/mat.9.1.6992","url":null,"abstract":"Commentary to the special issue 'Therapeutic Apprenticeship: Uncovering Truth and Performing Responsibility' by Rachel Prentice.","PeriodicalId":74160,"journal":{"name":"Medicine anthropology theory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41587737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction to the Special Issue on Diagnostics, Medical testing, and Value
诊断学、医学检测和价值特刊导论
{"title":"Introduction: Diagnostics, Medical Testing, and Value in Medical Anthropology","authors":"A. Street, A. Kelly","doi":"10.17157/mat.8.2.6516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17157/mat.8.2.6516","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction to the Special Issue on Diagnostics, Medical testing, and Value","PeriodicalId":74160,"journal":{"name":"Medicine anthropology theory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42835014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ricky Janssen, A. Krumeich, A. Esmail, Réjean Thomas, K. Dheda, Nitika Pant Pai, N. Engel
Feasibility and acceptability research for HIV self-testing (HIVST) often emphasises the importance of good test conduct and correct test interpretation for knowing one’s HIV result while overlooking the ways in which different uncertainties and meanings emerge around testing. Using empirical examples from a quantitative study assessing an app-based strategy in Cape Town, South Africa, this research article explores the practice of HIVST and how people deal with uncertainties while using the app in question, named ‘HIVSmart!’. We use the concept of ‘living under’ to explore the practices of HIV testing for those who fit the definition of being ‘at risk’ of HIV (note that an individual’s HIV status must be unknown in order for them to fit this definition) and to understand how an app-based HIVST strategy fits within these practices. We show how the app and oral self-test—as well as knowledge around HIV risk behaviours, comparisons between different testing methods, and the guidance and presence of healthcare staff—alleviate as well as generate uncertainty and constitute HIV status as an ongoing process. The effective implementation of new strategies for HIVST requires consideration of multiple aspects of the testing process, including local understandings of HIV risk, access to healthcare staff, and the meaning of certain test methods within a particular context.
{"title":"Moments of Uncertainty: Exploring How an App-Based Oral HIV Self-Testing Strategy Fits in Communities ‘Living Under’ HIV Risk","authors":"Ricky Janssen, A. Krumeich, A. Esmail, Réjean Thomas, K. Dheda, Nitika Pant Pai, N. Engel","doi":"10.17157/mat.8.2.5134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17157/mat.8.2.5134","url":null,"abstract":"Feasibility and acceptability research for HIV self-testing (HIVST) often emphasises the importance of good test conduct and correct test interpretation for knowing one’s HIV result while overlooking the ways in which different uncertainties and meanings emerge around testing. Using empirical examples from a quantitative study assessing an app-based strategy in Cape Town, South Africa, this research article explores the practice of HIVST and how people deal with uncertainties while using the app in question, named ‘HIVSmart!’. We use the concept of ‘living under’ to explore the practices of HIV testing for those who fit the definition of being ‘at risk’ of HIV (note that an individual’s HIV status must be unknown in order for them to fit this definition) and to understand how an app-based HIVST strategy fits within these practices. We show how the app and oral self-test—as well as knowledge around HIV risk behaviours, comparisons between different testing methods, and the guidance and presence of healthcare staff—alleviate as well as generate uncertainty and constitute HIV status as an ongoing process. The effective implementation of new strategies for HIVST requires consideration of multiple aspects of the testing process, including local understandings of HIV risk, access to healthcare staff, and the meaning of certain test methods within a particular context.","PeriodicalId":74160,"journal":{"name":"Medicine anthropology theory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43424901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An expanding class of mega-philanthropic institutions, most often based in the Global North but increasingly based in the Global South, has emerged as a driving force in global health. Among them, the Carlos Slim Foundation—located in Mexico City and funded by Mexican-born telecommunications tycoon Carlos Slim Helú—has spearheaded an ongoing strategy to boost chronic disease prevention in Mexico, principally through the development and promotion of a series of cutting-edge diagnostic tests. In this research article I trace the Foundation’s efforts to develop these technologies and integrate them into Mexican health policy. With these technologies serving as powerful conduits of the Foundation’s epistemic power, I show that Carlos Slim’s philanthropic investments are reshaping goals in the public health field and fostering new understanding of chronic disease risk among health officials and experts in Mexico and beyond.
{"title":"Detecting Diabetes Risk: Philanthrocapitalism, Diagnostic Innovation and Epistemic Power in Mexico","authors":"Emily E. Vasquez","doi":"10.17157/mat.8.2.5138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17157/mat.8.2.5138","url":null,"abstract":"An expanding class of mega-philanthropic institutions, most often based in the Global North but increasingly based in the Global South, has emerged as a driving force in global health. Among them, the Carlos Slim Foundation—located in Mexico City and funded by Mexican-born telecommunications tycoon Carlos Slim Helú—has spearheaded an ongoing strategy to boost chronic disease prevention in Mexico, principally through the development and promotion of a series of cutting-edge diagnostic tests. In this research article I trace the Foundation’s efforts to develop these technologies and integrate them into Mexican health policy. With these technologies serving as powerful conduits of the Foundation’s epistemic power, I show that Carlos Slim’s philanthropic investments are reshaping goals in the public health field and fostering new understanding of chronic disease risk among health officials and experts in Mexico and beyond.","PeriodicalId":74160,"journal":{"name":"Medicine anthropology theory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48874791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article interrogates the relationship between the development of national diagnostic technologies and the exercise of sovereignty, by analysing a Brazilian project to produce a nucleic acid test (NAT) for the country’s blood screening programme. The concept of ‘molecular sovereignty’ is proposed to demonstrate that exercising sovereignty demands not only technological resources but also a sufficiently powerful and national imaginary to support local knowledge production as a means of advancing national healthcare priorities. First, this research article contextualises the political importance of blood safety for Brazil during its transition to democracy in the 1980s and the creation of its universal healthcare system. Then, it investigates how adopting the NAT led the state to invest in the production of a national technology. Third, the article unpacks the diagnostic test to consider how certain aspects of the project might ultimately strengthen the ability of global capital to cross national boundaries and create new markets. Lastly, it discusses how the project ended up creating a centralised and ‘closed’ system to avoid leaving the country vulnerable to the entry of global diagnostic companies. This case demonstrates how the molecularisation of blood, through the construction of a unified healthcare system driven by the constitutional right to health, can be deployed to construct imagined communities on the scale of a nation.
{"title":"Molecular Sovereignty: Building a Blood Screening Test for the Brazilian Nation","authors":"Koichi Kameda","doi":"10.17157/mat.8.2.5122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17157/mat.8.2.5122","url":null,"abstract":"This article interrogates the relationship between the development of national diagnostic technologies and the exercise of sovereignty, by analysing a Brazilian project to produce a nucleic acid test (NAT) for the country’s blood screening programme. The concept of ‘molecular sovereignty’ is proposed to demonstrate that exercising sovereignty demands not only technological resources but also a sufficiently powerful and national imaginary to support local knowledge production as a means of advancing national healthcare priorities. First, this research article contextualises the political importance of blood safety for Brazil during its transition to democracy in the 1980s and the creation of its universal healthcare system. Then, it investigates how adopting the NAT led the state to invest in the production of a national technology. Third, the article unpacks the diagnostic test to consider how certain aspects of the project might ultimately strengthen the ability of global capital to cross national boundaries and create new markets. Lastly, it discusses how the project ended up creating a centralised and ‘closed’ system to avoid leaving the country vulnerable to the entry of global diagnostic companies. This case demonstrates how the molecularisation of blood, through the construction of a unified healthcare system driven by the constitutional right to health, can be deployed to construct imagined communities on the scale of a nation.","PeriodicalId":74160,"journal":{"name":"Medicine anthropology theory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42460658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines the COVID-19 response in India, viewing it as deeply enmeshed in the dynamics of the ‘database’ as an emerging technology of governmentality. Databases aim to translate entire populations into units of information abstracted from social identities and local specificities. In the context of the coronavirus pandemic, bureaucratic state systems attempt to manage and respond to the health crisis via databases collating testing data across the country. Problematising COVID-19 testing databases, we delve into the logic of database governance. We find that as a tool of governance the database falters in its attempts to compress complex identities and locations into de-contextualised units of information. As the complexity of lived reality interrupts the logic of databasing, state discourse on ‘unintended consequences’, ‘leakages’, ‘duplication’, and ‘reconciliation’ processes in the management of databases abounds and the ambivalence of databases becomes manifest in the COVID-19 response. In this article, we use secondary data to understand how testing databases intervene and interact with complex realities to establish bureaucratic order around a pandemic. We posit that COVID-19 testing databases should be understood as being embedded in emerging database governmentalities that supplant care of the population with the maintenance of databases.
{"title":"The Testing Database as Pandemic Technology: Reflections on the COVID-19 Response in India","authors":"Sreya Dutta Chowdhury, R. Basu","doi":"10.17157/mat.8.2.5105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17157/mat.8.2.5105","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the COVID-19 response in India, viewing it as deeply enmeshed in the dynamics of the ‘database’ as an emerging technology of governmentality. Databases aim to translate entire populations into units of information abstracted from social identities and local specificities. In the context of the coronavirus pandemic, bureaucratic state systems attempt to manage and respond to the health crisis via databases collating testing data across the country. Problematising COVID-19 testing databases, we delve into the logic of database governance. We find that as a tool of governance the database falters in its attempts to compress complex identities and locations into de-contextualised units of information. As the complexity of lived reality interrupts the logic of databasing, state discourse on ‘unintended consequences’, ‘leakages’, ‘duplication’, and ‘reconciliation’ processes in the management of databases abounds and the ambivalence of databases becomes manifest in the COVID-19 response. In this article, we use secondary data to understand how testing databases intervene and interact with complex realities to establish bureaucratic order around a pandemic. We posit that COVID-19 testing databases should be understood as being embedded in emerging database governmentalities that supplant care of the population with the maintenance of databases.","PeriodicalId":74160,"journal":{"name":"Medicine anthropology theory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46570128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Until recently in South Korea, the central dilemma facing children with ageing parents was how and by whom their parents should be cared for. In accordance with the norm of filial piety, the eldest son used to take responsibility. However, with the recent proliferation of long-term care hospitals, this arrangement is changing. These institutions, which play the combined role of rehabilitative hospital, long-term care centre, and nursing home, admit elderly people who do not require active medical intervention. The government’s promotion of these hospitals, centred on deregulation, ambiguity around their function, and the lack of alternative care facilities, has led to an expansion of the sector and consequently to the ‘nursing hom(e)fication’ of many of these institutions. While these hospitals ease the pressures associated with an ageing population, their mainstreaming has had an impact on healthcare, medicine, and the lives of elderly people. The hospital field has become commercialised, medical practice is being transformed, and the dignity of elderly people is being lost through hospitalisation. In this new care regime, filial piety itself is undergoing transformation—from an ideology underpinning the domestication of care, to the market idiom of service compliance. In this article, I introduce these hospitals and investigate how their growth has brought about a Korean style of elderly care commodification, revealing the undercurrents of healthcare privatisation and the neoliberalisation of welfare.
{"title":"Long-term Care Hospitals and Changing Elderly Care in South Korea","authors":"S. Na","doi":"10.17157/mat.8.3.5084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17157/mat.8.3.5084","url":null,"abstract":"Until recently in South Korea, the central dilemma facing children with ageing parents was how and by whom their parents should be cared for. In accordance with the norm of filial piety, the eldest son used to take responsibility. However, with the recent proliferation of long-term care hospitals, this arrangement is changing. These institutions, which play the combined role of rehabilitative hospital, long-term care centre, and nursing home, admit elderly people who do not require active medical intervention. The government’s promotion of these hospitals, centred on deregulation, ambiguity around their function, and the lack of alternative care facilities, has led to an expansion of the sector and consequently to the ‘nursing hom(e)fication’ of many of these institutions. While these hospitals ease the pressures associated with an ageing population, their mainstreaming has had an impact on healthcare, medicine, and the lives of elderly people. The hospital field has become commercialised, medical practice is being transformed, and the dignity of elderly people is being lost through hospitalisation. In this new care regime, filial piety itself is undergoing transformation—from an ideology underpinning the domestication of care, to the market idiom of service compliance. In this article, I introduce these hospitals and investigate how their growth has brought about a Korean style of elderly care commodification, revealing the undercurrents of healthcare privatisation and the neoliberalisation of welfare.","PeriodicalId":74160,"journal":{"name":"Medicine anthropology theory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48260099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The practice of traditional surrogacy gives rise to multiple discourses around women’s autonomy and kinship practices globally. In the Aotearoa New Zealand context, traditional surrogacy (where the surrogate donates her own egg as well as gestating the foetus) is legal only on an altruistic basis. Furthermore, it is subject to neither medical nor state oversight, unlike gestational surrogacy which is heavily regulated. Drawing on three years of ethnographic research, this article focuses on both traditional surrogates in Aotearoa New Zealand who have children of their own and those who have chosen a childfree life. Their narratives reveal multilayered motivations that align with and diverge from the ‘help’ narrative often associated with altruistic surrogacy. By drawing on and contributing to current debates on surrogacy globally, I show that traditional surrogates take on their role with clear ideas about kinship and different interpretations of reproductive participation. Their narratives bring to the fore the under-researched topic of traditional surrogacy, and in particular of women who do not want children of their own but choose to donate their eggs and gestate the foetus for another woman. I argue that their negotiation of stigma to make/resist kin disrupts pervasive heteronormative modes of kinship.
{"title":"“Doing it Our Way” Participation and Kinship in Traditional Surrogacy Narratives in Aotearoa New Zealand","authors":"Hannah Gibson","doi":"10.17157/mat.8.3.5093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17157/mat.8.3.5093","url":null,"abstract":"The practice of traditional surrogacy gives rise to multiple discourses around women’s autonomy and kinship practices globally. In the Aotearoa New Zealand context, traditional surrogacy (where the surrogate donates her own egg as well as gestating the foetus) is legal only on an altruistic basis. Furthermore, it is subject to neither medical nor state oversight, unlike gestational surrogacy which is heavily regulated. Drawing on three years of ethnographic research, this article focuses on both traditional surrogates in Aotearoa New Zealand who have children of their own and those who have chosen a childfree life. Their narratives reveal multilayered motivations that align with and diverge from the ‘help’ narrative often associated with altruistic surrogacy. By drawing on and contributing to current debates on surrogacy globally, I show that traditional surrogates take on their role with clear ideas about kinship and different interpretations of reproductive participation. Their narratives bring to the fore the under-researched topic of traditional surrogacy, and in particular of women who do not want children of their own but choose to donate their eggs and gestate the foetus for another woman. I argue that their negotiation of stigma to make/resist kin disrupts pervasive heteronormative modes of kinship.","PeriodicalId":74160,"journal":{"name":"Medicine anthropology theory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49525231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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