Freda M. Warner, Bobo Tong, Jessie McDougall, Kathleen A. Martin Ginis, Alexander G. Rabchevsky, Jacquelyn J. Cragg, John L.K. Kramer
Open data sharing of clinical research aims to improve transparency and support novel scientific discoveries. There are also risks, including participant identification and the potential for stigmatization. The perspectives of persons participating in research are needed to inform open data-sharing policies. The aim of the current study was to determine perspectives on data sharing in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI), including risks and benefits, and types of data people are most willing to share. A secondary aim was to examine predictors of willingness to share data. Persons with SCIs in the United States and Canada completed a survey developed and disseminated through various channels, including our community partner, the North American Spinal Cord Injury Consortium. The study collected data from 232 participants, with 52.2% from Canada and 42.2% from the United States, and the majority completed the survey in English. Most participants had previously participated in research and had been living with an SCI for ≥5 years. Overall, most participants reported that the potential benefits of data sharing outweighed the negatives, with persons with SCI seen as the most trustworthy partners for data sharing. The highest levels of concern were that information could be stolen and companies might use the information for marketing purposes. Persons with SCI were generally supportive of data sharing for research purposes. Clinical trials should consider including a statement on open data sharing in informed consents to better acknowledge the contribution of research participants in future studies.
{"title":"Perspectives on Data Sharing in Persons With Spinal Cord Injury","authors":"Freda M. Warner, Bobo Tong, Jessie McDougall, Kathleen A. Martin Ginis, Alexander G. Rabchevsky, Jacquelyn J. Cragg, John L.K. Kramer","doi":"10.1089/neur.2023.0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/neur.2023.0035","url":null,"abstract":"Open data sharing of clinical research aims to improve transparency and support novel scientific discoveries. There are also risks, including participant identification and the potential for stigmatization. The perspectives of persons participating in research are needed to inform open data-sharing policies. The aim of the current study was to determine perspectives on data sharing in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI), including risks and benefits, and types of data people are most willing to share. A secondary aim was to examine predictors of willingness to share data. Persons with SCIs in the United States and Canada completed a survey developed and disseminated through various channels, including our community partner, the North American Spinal Cord Injury Consortium. The study collected data from 232 participants, with 52.2% from Canada and 42.2% from the United States, and the majority completed the survey in English. Most participants had previously participated in research and had been living with an SCI for ≥5 years. Overall, most participants reported that the potential benefits of data sharing outweighed the negatives, with persons with SCI seen as the most trustworthy partners for data sharing. The highest levels of concern were that information could be stolen and companies might use the information for marketing purposes. Persons with SCI were generally supportive of data sharing for research purposes. Clinical trials should consider including a statement on open data sharing in informed consents to better acknowledge the contribution of research participants in future studies.","PeriodicalId":74300,"journal":{"name":"Neurotrauma reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135564724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Use of anticoagulants is increasing with the aging of societies. The safe first-line drug is likely to be a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC), but outcomes of treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI) with anticoagulants are uncertain. Therefore, we examined the clinical effect of idarucizumab as reversal therapy in elderly patients with TBI who were treated with dabigatran. A retrospective multi-center observational study was performed in patients ≥65 years of age who developed acute traumatic subdural hematoma during treatment with dabigatran and underwent reversal therapy with idarucizumab. The items examined included patient background, neurological and imaging findings at arrival, course after admission, complications, and outcomes. A total of 23 patients were enrolled in the study. The patients had a mean age of 78.9 years. Cause of TBI was fall in 60.9% of the subjects. Mean Glasgow Coma Scale score at arrival was 8.7; anisocoria was present in 31.8% of cases. Exacerbation of consciousness was found in 30.4%, but only in 13.3% of subjects treated with idarucizumab before consciousness and imaging findings worsened. Dabigatran was discontinued in 81.8% of cases after hematoma development, with a mean withdrawal period of 12.1 days. The favorable outcome rate was 21.7%, and mortality was 39.1%. In multi-variate analysis, timing of idarucizumab administration was associated with a favorable outcome. There were ischemic complications in 3 cases (13.1%), and all three events occurred ≥7 days after administration of idarucizumab. These findings suggest that in cases that develop hematoma during treatment with dabigatran, it is important to administer idarucizumab early and restart dabigatran after conditions stabilize.
{"title":"Retrospective Observational Study of Patients With Subdural Hematoma Treated With Idarucizumab","authors":"Eiichi Suehiro, Hideyuki Ishihara, Yohei Kogeichi, Tsunenori Ozawa, Koichi Haraguchi, Masaru Honda, Yumie Honda, Makoto Inaba, Ryusuke Kabeya, Naoaki Kanda, Kenta Koketsu, Nobukuni Murakami, Hidetoshi Nakamoto, Kotaro Oshio, Kuniyasu Saigusa, Takashi Shuto, Shuichi Sugiyama, Kenji Suzuyama, Tsuguaki Terashima, Mitsuharu Tsuura, Mitsutoshi Nakada, Hitoshi Kobata, Toshio Higashi, Nobuyuki Sakai, Michiyasu Suzuki","doi":"10.1089/neur.2023.0065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/neur.2023.0065","url":null,"abstract":"Use of anticoagulants is increasing with the aging of societies. The safe first-line drug is likely to be a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC), but outcomes of treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI) with anticoagulants are uncertain. Therefore, we examined the clinical effect of idarucizumab as reversal therapy in elderly patients with TBI who were treated with dabigatran. A retrospective multi-center observational study was performed in patients ≥65 years of age who developed acute traumatic subdural hematoma during treatment with dabigatran and underwent reversal therapy with idarucizumab. The items examined included patient background, neurological and imaging findings at arrival, course after admission, complications, and outcomes. A total of 23 patients were enrolled in the study. The patients had a mean age of 78.9 years. Cause of TBI was fall in 60.9% of the subjects. Mean Glasgow Coma Scale score at arrival was 8.7; anisocoria was present in 31.8% of cases. Exacerbation of consciousness was found in 30.4%, but only in 13.3% of subjects treated with idarucizumab before consciousness and imaging findings worsened. Dabigatran was discontinued in 81.8% of cases after hematoma development, with a mean withdrawal period of 12.1 days. The favorable outcome rate was 21.7%, and mortality was 39.1%. In multi-variate analysis, timing of idarucizumab administration was associated with a favorable outcome. There were ischemic complications in 3 cases (13.1%), and all three events occurred ≥7 days after administration of idarucizumab. These findings suggest that in cases that develop hematoma during treatment with dabigatran, it is important to administer idarucizumab early and restart dabigatran after conditions stabilize.","PeriodicalId":74300,"journal":{"name":"Neurotrauma reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135566163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31eCollection Date: 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1089/neur.2023.0082
Nicholas S Race, Eleni H Moschonas, Jeffrey P Cheng, Corina O Bondi, Anthony E Kline
Sixty-nine million traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are reported worldwide each year, and, of those, close to 3 million occur in the United States. In addition to neurobehavioral and cognitive deficits, TBI induces other maladaptive behaviors, such as agitation and aggression, which must be managed for safe, accurate assessment and effective treatment of the patient. The use of antipsychotic drugs (APDs) in TBI is supported by some expert guidelines, which suggests that they are an important part of the pharmacological armamentarium to be used in the management of agitation. Despite the advantages of APDs after TBI, there are significant disadvantages that may not be fully appreciated clinically during decision making because of the lack of a readily available updated compendium. Hence, the aim of this review is to integrate the existing findings and present the current state of APD use in pre-clinical models of TBI. The studies discussed were identified through PubMed and the University of Pittsburgh Library System search strategies and reveal that APDs, particularly those with dopamine2 (D2) receptor antagonism, generally impair the recovery process in rodents of both sexes and, in some instances, attenuate the potential benefits of neurorehabilitation. We believe that the compilation of findings represented by this exhaustive review of pre-clinical TBI + APD models can serve as a convenient source for guiding informed decisions by critical care clinicians and physiatrists contemplating APD use for patients exhibiting agitation.
{"title":"Antipsychotic Drugs: The Antithesis to Neurorehabilitation in Models of Pre-Clinical Traumatic Brain Injury.","authors":"Nicholas S Race, Eleni H Moschonas, Jeffrey P Cheng, Corina O Bondi, Anthony E Kline","doi":"10.1089/neur.2023.0082","DOIUrl":"10.1089/neur.2023.0082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sixty-nine million traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are reported worldwide each year, and, of those, close to 3 million occur in the United States. In addition to neurobehavioral and cognitive deficits, TBI induces other maladaptive behaviors, such as agitation and aggression, which must be managed for safe, accurate assessment and effective treatment of the patient. The use of antipsychotic drugs (APDs) in TBI is supported by some expert guidelines, which suggests that they are an important part of the pharmacological armamentarium to be used in the management of agitation. Despite the advantages of APDs after TBI, there are significant disadvantages that may not be fully appreciated clinically during decision making because of the lack of a readily available updated compendium. Hence, the aim of this review is to integrate the existing findings and present the current state of APD use in pre-clinical models of TBI. The studies discussed were identified through PubMed and the University of Pittsburgh Library System search strategies and reveal that APDs, particularly those with dopamine<sub>2</sub> (D<sub>2</sub>) receptor antagonism, generally impair the recovery process in rodents of both sexes and, in some instances, attenuate the potential benefits of neurorehabilitation. We believe that the compilation of findings represented by this exhaustive review of pre-clinical TBI + APD models can serve as a convenient source for guiding informed decisions by critical care clinicians and physiatrists contemplating APD use for patients exhibiting agitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":74300,"journal":{"name":"Neurotrauma reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10621671/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71489695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25eCollection Date: 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1089/neur.2023.0068
Qi Zhang, Hong Min Kuang, Du Juan Qiao, Xiang Lin Zhong, Jia Jia Kang, Rui Na Ma, Min Li
It is unclear who can benefit from tracheal intubation in the moderate (mTBI) traumatic brain injury (TBI) population. Given that mTBI patients are conscious, intubation can cause intense stress, possibly triggering neurological deterioration. Therefore, identifying potential risk factors for intubation in mTBI patients can serve as a valuable clinical warning. We sought to investigate whether elevated D-dimer is a possible risk factor for intubation in mTBI patients. Using the STROBE statement, adult patients with isolated TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] score 9-13) treated at a high-volume neurotrauma center between January 2015 and December 2020 were reviewed. The demographics, clinical presentation, neuroimaging, and laboratory information were collected based on the patients' electronic medical record. D-dimer values were assessed from serum when patients were admitted to the hospital. The primary study end-point was that the mTBI patient was intubated within 72 h upon admission. A total of 557 patients with mTBI were finally included in this study. Of these, 85 (15.3%) patients were intubated. Multi-variate logistic regression analysis showed that high-level D-dimer (≥17.9mg/L) was significantly associated with early tracheal intubation in mTBI patients (odds ratio, 3.10 [1.16-8.25]; p = 0.024) after adjusting for age, sex, GCS scores, Marshall scores, and Injury Severity Scores. Sensitivity analysis showed that high-level D-dimer had a robust correlation with intubation in the different subgroups or after propensity score matching. High-level D-dimer on admission is an independent risk factor for early tracheal intubation in isolated mTBI patients.
{"title":"Association Between High-Level D-Dimer at Admission and Early Intubation in Patients With Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury.","authors":"Qi Zhang, Hong Min Kuang, Du Juan Qiao, Xiang Lin Zhong, Jia Jia Kang, Rui Na Ma, Min Li","doi":"10.1089/neur.2023.0068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/neur.2023.0068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is unclear who can benefit from tracheal intubation in the moderate (mTBI) traumatic brain injury (TBI) population. Given that mTBI patients are conscious, intubation can cause intense stress, possibly triggering neurological deterioration. Therefore, identifying potential risk factors for intubation in mTBI patients can serve as a valuable clinical warning. We sought to investigate whether elevated D-dimer is a possible risk factor for intubation in mTBI patients. Using the STROBE statement, adult patients with isolated TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] score 9-13) treated at a high-volume neurotrauma center between January 2015 and December 2020 were reviewed. The demographics, clinical presentation, neuroimaging, and laboratory information were collected based on the patients' electronic medical record. D-dimer values were assessed from serum when patients were admitted to the hospital. The primary study end-point was that the mTBI patient was intubated within 72 h upon admission. A total of 557 patients with mTBI were finally included in this study. Of these, 85 (15.3%) patients were intubated. Multi-variate logistic regression analysis showed that high-level D-dimer (≥17.9mg/L) was significantly associated with early tracheal intubation in mTBI patients (odds ratio, 3.10 [1.16-8.25]; <i>p</i> = 0.024) after adjusting for age, sex, GCS scores, Marshall scores, and Injury Severity Scores. Sensitivity analysis showed that high-level D-dimer had a robust correlation with intubation in the different subgroups or after propensity score matching. High-level D-dimer on admission is an independent risk factor for early tracheal intubation in isolated mTBI patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":74300,"journal":{"name":"Neurotrauma reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10615076/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71429947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-17eCollection Date: 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1089/neur.2023.0007
Samar Al-Hajj, Sarah H Farran, Batoul Dekmak, Layal Hneiny, Hussein Abou Abbas, Aya Hassoun, Nadine Youness, Sarah Ghalayini, Nour Abou Khalil, Fiona Lecky, Shima Shahjouieh, Layal Ghamlouche, Zainab Nasrallah, Firas Kobeissy
Pediatric traumatic brain injury (pTBI) represents a major cause of child injuries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. This review aims to assess pTBIs in the MENA region and reports their clinical severity and outcomes. A search was conducted using major electronic databases, including Medline/Ovid, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and SCOPUS. Abstracts were screened independently and in duplicate to detect original research. The objective and study findings for each article were recorded, along with the mechanism of pTBI, patient age and sex, injury assessment tool(s) used, and outcome. A total of 1345 articles were retrieved, of which 152 met the criteria for full-text review, and 32 were included in this review. Males predominantly suffered from pTBIs (78%). Motor vehicle accidents, followed by child abuse, were the leading causes of pTBI. Overall, 0.39% of cases were mild, 0.58% moderate, 16.25% severe, and 82.27% unclassified. The mortality rate was 13.11%. Most studies used the computed tomography scan, Glasgow Coma Scale, Abbreviated Injury Scale, and Injury Severity Score as investigation methods. This review reports on the alarming rate of child-abuse-related pTBI and offers further understanding of pTBI-associated risk factors and insight into the development of strategies to reduce their occurrence, as well as policies to promote child well-being.
儿童创伤性脑损伤(pTBI)是中东和北非(MENA)地区儿童损伤的主要原因。本综述旨在评估中东和北非地区的pTBI,并报告其临床严重程度和结果。使用主要的电子数据库进行搜索,包括Medline/Ovid、PubMed、EMBASE、Web of Science和SCOPUS。摘要是独立筛选的,一式两份,以检测原始研究。记录每篇文章的目的和研究结果,以及pTBI的机制、患者年龄和性别、使用的损伤评估工具和结果。共检索到1345篇文章,其中152篇符合全文审查标准,32篇被纳入本次审查。雄性主要患有pTBI(78%)。机动车事故,其次是虐待儿童,是pTBI的主要原因。总体而言,0.39%的病例为轻度,0.58%为中度,16.25%为重度,82.27%为未分类。死亡率为13.11%。大多数研究使用计算机断层扫描、格拉斯哥昏迷量表、缩写损伤量表和损伤严重程度评分作为调查方法。这篇综述报告了与儿童虐待相关的pTBI的惊人比率,并进一步了解了与pTBI相关的风险因素,深入了解了减少其发生的策略以及促进儿童福祉的政策的制定。
{"title":"Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury in the Middle East and North Africa Region: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis to Assess Characteristics, Mechanisms, and Risk Factors.","authors":"Samar Al-Hajj, Sarah H Farran, Batoul Dekmak, Layal Hneiny, Hussein Abou Abbas, Aya Hassoun, Nadine Youness, Sarah Ghalayini, Nour Abou Khalil, Fiona Lecky, Shima Shahjouieh, Layal Ghamlouche, Zainab Nasrallah, Firas Kobeissy","doi":"10.1089/neur.2023.0007","DOIUrl":"10.1089/neur.2023.0007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pediatric traumatic brain injury (pTBI) represents a major cause of child injuries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. This review aims to assess pTBIs in the MENA region and reports their clinical severity and outcomes. A search was conducted using major electronic databases, including Medline/Ovid, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and SCOPUS. Abstracts were screened independently and in duplicate to detect original research. The objective and study findings for each article were recorded, along with the mechanism of pTBI, patient age and sex, injury assessment tool(s) used, and outcome. A total of 1345 articles were retrieved, of which 152 met the criteria for full-text review, and 32 were included in this review. Males predominantly suffered from pTBIs (78%). Motor vehicle accidents, followed by child abuse, were the leading causes of pTBI. Overall, 0.39% of cases were mild, 0.58% moderate, 16.25% severe, and 82.27% unclassified. The mortality rate was 13.11%. Most studies used the computed tomography scan, Glasgow Coma Scale, Abbreviated Injury Scale, and Injury Severity Score as investigation methods. This review reports on the alarming rate of child-abuse-related pTBI and offers further understanding of pTBI-associated risk factors and insight into the development of strategies to reduce their occurrence, as well as policies to promote child well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":74300,"journal":{"name":"Neurotrauma reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10615069/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71429949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-16eCollection Date: 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1089/neur.2023.0060
Angela Mitevska, Citlally Santacruz, Eric J Martin, Ian E Jones, Arian Ghiacy, Simon Dixon, Nima Mostafazadeh, Zhangli Peng, Evangelos Kiskinis, John D Finan
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cells can reproduce human-specific pathophysiology, patient-specific vulnerability, and gene-environment interactions in neurological disease. Human in vitro models of neurotrauma therefore have great potential to advance the field. However, this potential cannot be realized until important biomaterials challenges are addressed. Status quo stretch injury models of neurotrauma culture cells on sheets of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) that are incompatible with long-term monoculture of hiPSC-derived neurons. Here, we overcame this challenge in an established human in vitro neurotrauma model by replacing PDMS with a highly biocompatible form of polyurethane (PU). This substitution allowed long-term monoculture of hiPSC-derived neurons. It also changed the biomechanics of stretch injury. We quantified these changes experimentally using high-speed videography and digital image correlation. We used finite element modeling to quantify the influence of the culture substrate's thickness, stiffness, and coefficient of friction on membrane stretch and concluded that the coefficient of friction explained most of the observed biomechanical changes. Despite these changes, we demonstrated that the modified model produced a robust, dose-dependent trauma phenotype in hiPSC-derived neuron monocultures. In summary, the introduction of this PU film makes it possible to maintain hiPSC-derived neurons in monoculture for long periods in a human in vitro neurotrauma model. In doing so, it opens new horizons in the field of neurotrauma by enabling the unique experimental paradigms (e.g., isogenic models) associated with hiPSC-derived neurons.
{"title":"Polyurethane Culture Substrates Enable Long-Term Neuron Monoculture in a Human <i>in vitro</i> Model of Neurotrauma.","authors":"Angela Mitevska, Citlally Santacruz, Eric J Martin, Ian E Jones, Arian Ghiacy, Simon Dixon, Nima Mostafazadeh, Zhangli Peng, Evangelos Kiskinis, John D Finan","doi":"10.1089/neur.2023.0060","DOIUrl":"10.1089/neur.2023.0060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cells can reproduce human-specific pathophysiology, patient-specific vulnerability, and gene-environment interactions in neurological disease. Human <i>in vitro</i> models of neurotrauma therefore have great potential to advance the field. However, this potential cannot be realized until important biomaterials challenges are addressed. <i>Status quo</i> stretch injury models of neurotrauma culture cells on sheets of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) that are incompatible with long-term monoculture of hiPSC-derived neurons. Here, we overcame this challenge in an established human <i>in vitro</i> neurotrauma model by replacing PDMS with a highly biocompatible form of polyurethane (PU). This substitution allowed long-term monoculture of hiPSC-derived neurons. It also changed the biomechanics of stretch injury. We quantified these changes experimentally using high-speed videography and digital image correlation. We used finite element modeling to quantify the influence of the culture substrate's thickness, stiffness, and coefficient of friction on membrane stretch and concluded that the coefficient of friction explained most of the observed biomechanical changes. Despite these changes, we demonstrated that the modified model produced a robust, dose-dependent trauma phenotype in hiPSC-derived neuron monocultures. In summary, the introduction of this PU film makes it possible to maintain hiPSC-derived neurons in monoculture for long periods in a human <i>in vitro</i> neurotrauma model. In doing so, it opens new horizons in the field of neurotrauma by enabling the unique experimental paradigms (e.g., isogenic models) associated with hiPSC-derived neurons.</p>","PeriodicalId":74300,"journal":{"name":"Neurotrauma reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10615064/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71429951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-11eCollection Date: 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1089/neur.2023.0024
Min Chen, Stephen R Edwards, Dhiraj Maskey, Trent M Woodruff, Stephen Tomlinson, David Reutens
A potent effector of innate immunity, the complement system contributes significantly to the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study investigated the role of the complement cascade in neurobehavioral outcomes and neuropathology after TBI. Agents acting at different levels of the complement system, including 1) C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-Inh), 2) CR2-Crry, an inhibitor of all pathways acting at C3, and 3) the selective C5aR1 antagonist, PMX205, were administered at 1 h post-TBI. Their effects were evaluated on motor function using the rotarod apparatus, cognitive function using the active place avoidance (APA) task, and brain lesion size at a chronic stage after controlled cortical impact injury in C5-sufficient (C5+/+) and C5-deficient (C5-/-) CD1 mice. In post-TBI C5+/+ mice, rotarod performance was improved by CR2-Crry, APA performance was improved by CR2-Crry and PMX205, and brain lesion size was reduced by PMX205. After TBI, C5-/- mice performed better in the APA task compared with C5+/+ mice. C5 deficiency enhanced the effect of C1-Inh on motor function and brain damage and the effect of CR2-Crry on brain damage after TBI. Our findings support critical roles for C3 in motor deficits, the C3/C5/C5aR1 axis in cognitive deficits, and C5aR1 signaling in brain damage after TBI. Findings suggest the combination of C5 inhibition with C1-Inh and CR2-Crry as potential therapeutic strategies in TBI.
{"title":"Complement Component 5 (C5) Deficiency Improves Cognitive Outcome After Traumatic Brain Injury and Enhances Treatment Effects of Complement Inhibitors C1-Inh and CR2-Crry in a Mouse Model.","authors":"Min Chen, Stephen R Edwards, Dhiraj Maskey, Trent M Woodruff, Stephen Tomlinson, David Reutens","doi":"10.1089/neur.2023.0024","DOIUrl":"10.1089/neur.2023.0024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A potent effector of innate immunity, the complement system contributes significantly to the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study investigated the role of the complement cascade in neurobehavioral outcomes and neuropathology after TBI. Agents acting at different levels of the complement system, including 1) C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-Inh), 2) CR2-Crry, an inhibitor of all pathways acting at C3, and 3) the selective C5aR1 antagonist, PMX205, were administered at 1 h post-TBI. Their effects were evaluated on motor function using the rotarod apparatus, cognitive function using the active place avoidance (APA) task, and brain lesion size at a chronic stage after controlled cortical impact injury in C5-sufficient (C5<sup>+/+</sup>) and C5-deficient (C5<sup>-/-</sup>) CD1 mice. In post-TBI C5<sup>+/+</sup> mice, rotarod performance was improved by CR2-Crry, APA performance was improved by CR2-Crry and PMX205, and brain lesion size was reduced by PMX205. After TBI, C5<sup>-/-</sup> mice performed better in the APA task compared with C5<sup>+/+</sup> mice. C5 deficiency enhanced the effect of C1-Inh on motor function and brain damage and the effect of CR2-Crry on brain damage after TBI. Our findings support critical roles for C3 in motor deficits, the C3/C5/C5aR1 axis in cognitive deficits, and C5aR1 signaling in brain damage after TBI. Findings suggest the combination of C5 inhibition with C1-Inh and CR2-Crry as potential therapeutic strategies in TBI.</p>","PeriodicalId":74300,"journal":{"name":"Neurotrauma reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10615070/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71429948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-11eCollection Date: 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1089/neur.2023.0044
Rachel Thomas, Cillian E Lynch, Jeff Debad, Christopher Campbell, Onyinyechi Chidomere, Joseph Kilianski, Kan Ding, Christopher Madden, Danielle K Sandsmark, Ramon Diaz-Arrastia, Joshua W Gatson
Each year in the United States, ∼2.7 million persons seek medical attention for traumatic brain injury (TBI), of which ∼85% are characterized as being mild brain injuries. Many different cell types in the brain are affected in these heterogeneous injuries, including neurons, glia, and the brain vasculature. Efforts to identify biomarkers that reflect the injury of these different cell types have been a focus of ongoing investigation. We hypothesized that von Willebrand factor (vWF) is a sensitive biomarker for acute traumatic vascular injury and correlates with symptom severity post-TBI. To address this, blood was collected from professional boxing athletes (n = 17) before and within 30 min after competition. Plasma levels of vWF and neuron-specific enolase were measured using the Meso Scale Discovery, LLC. (MSD) electrochemiluminescence array-based multi-plex format (MSD, Gaithersburg, MD). Additional symptom and outcome data from boxers and patients, such as the Rivermead symptom scores (Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire [RPQ-3]), were collected. We found that, subsequent to boxing bouts, there was a 1.8-fold increase in vWF levels within 30 min of injury (p < 0.0009). Moreover, fold-change in vWF correlates moderately (r = 0.51; p = 0.03) with the number of head blows. We also found a positive correlation (r = 0.69; p = 0.002) between fold-change in vWF and self-reported post-concussive symptoms, measured by the RPQ-3. The receiver operating curve analysis of vWF plasma levels and RPQ-3 scoring yielded a sensitivity of 94.12% and a specificity of 76.5% with an area under the curve of 83% for boxers after a fight compared to the pre-bout baseline. This study suggests that vWF is a potential blood biomarker measurable in the hyperacute period after blunt mild TBI. This biomarker may prove to be useful in diagnosing and monitoring traumatic vascular injury.
{"title":"Plasma von Willebrand Factor Is Elevated Hyperacutely After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.","authors":"Rachel Thomas, Cillian E Lynch, Jeff Debad, Christopher Campbell, Onyinyechi Chidomere, Joseph Kilianski, Kan Ding, Christopher Madden, Danielle K Sandsmark, Ramon Diaz-Arrastia, Joshua W Gatson","doi":"10.1089/neur.2023.0044","DOIUrl":"10.1089/neur.2023.0044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Each year in the United States, ∼2.7 million persons seek medical attention for traumatic brain injury (TBI), of which ∼85% are characterized as being mild brain injuries. Many different cell types in the brain are affected in these heterogeneous injuries, including neurons, glia, and the brain vasculature. Efforts to identify biomarkers that reflect the injury of these different cell types have been a focus of ongoing investigation. We hypothesized that von Willebrand factor (vWF) is a sensitive biomarker for acute traumatic vascular injury and correlates with symptom severity post-TBI. To address this, blood was collected from professional boxing athletes (<i>n</i> = 17) before and within 30 min after competition. Plasma levels of vWF and neuron-specific enolase were measured using the Meso Scale Discovery, LLC. (MSD) electrochemiluminescence array-based multi-plex format (MSD, Gaithersburg, MD). Additional symptom and outcome data from boxers and patients, such as the Rivermead symptom scores (Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire [RPQ-3]), were collected. We found that, subsequent to boxing bouts, there was a 1.8-fold increase in vWF levels within 30 min of injury (<i>p</i> < 0.0009). Moreover, fold-change in vWF correlates moderately (<i>r</i> = 0.51; <i>p</i> = 0.03) with the number of head blows. We also found a positive correlation (<i>r</i> = 0.69; <i>p</i> = 0.002) between fold-change in vWF and self-reported post-concussive symptoms, measured by the RPQ-3. The receiver operating curve analysis of vWF plasma levels and RPQ-3 scoring yielded a sensitivity of 94.12% and a specificity of 76.5% with an area under the curve of 83% for boxers after a fight compared to the pre-bout baseline. This study suggests that vWF is a potential blood biomarker measurable in the hyperacute period after blunt mild TBI. This biomarker may prove to be useful in diagnosing and monitoring traumatic vascular injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":74300,"journal":{"name":"Neurotrauma reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10615084/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71429950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-25eCollection Date: 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1089/neur.2023.0046
Olivia J Kalimon, Hemendra J Vekaria, Gopal V Velmurugan, W Brad Hubbard, Patrick G Sullivan
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is caused by an impact or penetrating injury to the head resulting in abnormal brain function. Mitochondrial dysfunction is an important hallmark of TBI and has been thoroughly studied in male rodent models of brain injury, but relatively little is known about these outcomes in females. These studies were designed to examine sex as a biological variable for mitochondria-related outcomes after the severe controlled cortical impact (CCI) mouse model of TBI. Synaptic and non-synaptic mitochondria were isolated from the sham- or CCI-injured cortex as well as the hippocampus ipsilateral to the craniotomy 3, 12, 24, or 48 h post-surgery, and then bioenergetics were measured. Subtle variations were observed in the timeline of mitochondrial dysfunction between sexes. Non-synaptic cortical mitochondria from injured females showed early impairment at 12 h post-CCI compared to mitochondria from injured males at 24 h post-CCI. Contrastingly, in the synaptic fraction, mitochondria from injured males showed early impairment at 12 h post-CCI, whereas mitochondria from injured females showed impairment at 24 h post-CCI. Based on bioenergetic impairments at 24 h post-CCI, synaptic and non-synaptic mitochondrial calcium loading was also measured at this time point. Consistent with bioenergetic data at 24 h, non-synaptic mitochondria from injured males had increased calcium loading compared to uninjured control, but this effect was not observed in females. Finally, histological assessment of cortical tissue sparing in each sex was measured at 7 days post-injury. There was a lack of sex-based differences in cortical tissue sparing after severe CCI. Overall, there were some subtle sex differences in mitochondrial outcomes after CCI, but these findings were not statistically significant. This study highlights the importance of utilizing both sexes when measuring mitochondrial function after severe CCI.
创伤性脑损伤(TBI)是由头部撞击或穿透性损伤引起的,导致大脑功能异常。线粒体功能障碍是TBI的一个重要标志,在雄性啮齿动物脑损伤模型中已经进行了彻底的研究,但对雌性啮齿动物的这些结果知之甚少。这些研究旨在检验性别作为严重控制性皮质撞击(CCI)TBI小鼠模型后线粒体相关结果的生物学变量。突触和非突触线粒体从假手术或CCI损伤的皮层以及开颅术同侧的海马体中分离3、12、24或48 h,然后测量生物能量。在性别间线粒体功能障碍的时间线上观察到细微的变化。受伤雌性的非突触皮质线粒体在12岁时出现早期损伤 CCI后h与24岁受伤男性线粒体的比较 h CCI后。相反,在突触部分,受伤雄性的线粒体在12岁时表现出早期损伤 CCI后h,而受伤雌性的线粒体在24时出现损伤 h CCI后。基于24岁时的生物能量损伤 在CCI后h,也在该时间点测量突触和非突触线粒体钙负荷。与24岁时的生物能量数据一致 h、 与未受伤的对照组相比,受伤雄性的非突触线粒体的钙负荷增加,但在雌性中没有观察到这种影响。最后,在损伤后7天测量每种性别的皮质组织保留的组织学评估。严重CCI后皮质组织保留缺乏基于性别的差异。总的来说,CCI后线粒体结果存在一些细微的性别差异,但这些发现在统计学上并不显著。这项研究强调了在严重CCI后测量线粒体功能时利用两性的重要性。
{"title":"Characterizing Sex Differences in Mitochondrial Dysfunction After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice.","authors":"Olivia J Kalimon, Hemendra J Vekaria, Gopal V Velmurugan, W Brad Hubbard, Patrick G Sullivan","doi":"10.1089/neur.2023.0046","DOIUrl":"10.1089/neur.2023.0046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is caused by an impact or penetrating injury to the head resulting in abnormal brain function. Mitochondrial dysfunction is an important hallmark of TBI and has been thoroughly studied in male rodent models of brain injury, but relatively little is known about these outcomes in females. These studies were designed to examine sex as a biological variable for mitochondria-related outcomes after the severe controlled cortical impact (CCI) mouse model of TBI. Synaptic and non-synaptic mitochondria were isolated from the sham- or CCI-injured cortex as well as the hippocampus ipsilateral to the craniotomy 3, 12, 24, or 48 h post-surgery, and then bioenergetics were measured. Subtle variations were observed in the timeline of mitochondrial dysfunction between sexes. Non-synaptic cortical mitochondria from injured females showed early impairment at 12 h post-CCI compared to mitochondria from injured males at 24 h post-CCI. Contrastingly, in the synaptic fraction, mitochondria from injured males showed early impairment at 12 h post-CCI, whereas mitochondria from injured females showed impairment at 24 h post-CCI. Based on bioenergetic impairments at 24 h post-CCI, synaptic and non-synaptic mitochondrial calcium loading was also measured at this time point. Consistent with bioenergetic data at 24 h, non-synaptic mitochondria from injured males had increased calcium loading compared to uninjured control, but this effect was not observed in females. Finally, histological assessment of cortical tissue sparing in each sex was measured at 7 days post-injury. There was a lack of sex-based differences in cortical tissue sparing after severe CCI. Overall, there were some subtle sex differences in mitochondrial outcomes after CCI, but these findings were not statistically significant. This study highlights the importance of utilizing both sexes when measuring mitochondrial function after severe CCI.</p>","PeriodicalId":74300,"journal":{"name":"Neurotrauma reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10518693/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41171246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-25eCollection Date: 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1089/neur.2023.0045
Aurore Nkiliza, Claire J C Huguenard, Gregory J Aldrich, Scott Ferguson, Adam Cseresznye, Teresa Darcey, James E Evans, Michael Dretsch, Michael Mullan, Fiona Crawford, Laila Abdullah
Currently approved blood biomarkers detect intracranial lesions in adult patients with mild to moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI) acutely post-injury. However, blood biomarkers are still needed to help with a differential diagnosis of mild TBI (mTBI) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at chronic post-injury time points. Owing to the association between phospholipid (PL) dysfunction and chronic consequences of TBI, we hypothesized that examining bioactive PL metabolites (oxylipins and ethanolamides) would help identify long-term lipid changes associated with mTBI and PTSD. Lipid extracts of plasma from active-duty soldiers deployed to the Iraq/Afghanistan wars (control = 52, mTBI = 21, PTSD = 34, and TBI + PTSD = 13) were subjected to liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis to examine oxylipins and ethanolamides. Linear regression analyses followed by post hoc comparisons were performed to assess the association of these lipids with diagnostic classifications. Significant differences were found in oxylipins derived from arachidonic acid (AA) between controls and mTBI, PTSD, and mTBI + PTSD groups. Levels of AA-derived oxylipins through the cytochrome P450 pathways and anandamide were significantly elevated among mTBI + PTSD patients who were carriers of the apolipoprotein E E4 allele. These studies demonstrate that AA-derived oxylipins and anandamide may be unique blood biomarkers of PTSD and mTBI + PTSD. Further, these AA metabolites may be indicative of an underlying inflammatory process that warrants further investigation. Future validation studies in larger cohorts are required to determine a potential application of this approach in providing a differential diagnosis of mTBI and PTSD in a clinical setting.
{"title":"Levels of Arachidonic Acid-Derived Oxylipins and Anandamide Are Elevated Among Military <i>APOE</i> ɛ4 Carriers With a History of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms.","authors":"Aurore Nkiliza, Claire J C Huguenard, Gregory J Aldrich, Scott Ferguson, Adam Cseresznye, Teresa Darcey, James E Evans, Michael Dretsch, Michael Mullan, Fiona Crawford, Laila Abdullah","doi":"10.1089/neur.2023.0045","DOIUrl":"10.1089/neur.2023.0045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Currently approved blood biomarkers detect intracranial lesions in adult patients with mild to moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI) acutely post-injury. However, blood biomarkers are still needed to help with a differential diagnosis of mild TBI (mTBI) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at chronic post-injury time points. Owing to the association between phospholipid (PL) dysfunction and chronic consequences of TBI, we hypothesized that examining bioactive PL metabolites (oxylipins and ethanolamides) would help identify long-term lipid changes associated with mTBI and PTSD. Lipid extracts of plasma from active-duty soldiers deployed to the Iraq/Afghanistan wars (control = 52, mTBI = 21, PTSD = 34, and TBI + PTSD = 13) were subjected to liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis to examine oxylipins and ethanolamides. Linear regression analyses followed by <i>post hoc</i> comparisons were performed to assess the association of these lipids with diagnostic classifications. Significant differences were found in oxylipins derived from arachidonic acid (AA) between controls and mTBI, PTSD, and mTBI + PTSD groups. Levels of AA-derived oxylipins through the cytochrome P450 pathways and anandamide were significantly elevated among mTBI + PTSD patients who were carriers of the apolipoprotein E E4 allele. These studies demonstrate that AA-derived oxylipins and anandamide may be unique blood biomarkers of PTSD and mTBI + PTSD. Further, these AA metabolites may be indicative of an underlying inflammatory process that warrants further investigation. Future validation studies in larger cohorts are required to determine a potential application of this approach in providing a differential diagnosis of mTBI and PTSD in a clinical setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":74300,"journal":{"name":"Neurotrauma reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10541938/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41164434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}