Low soil fertility is one of the limiting factor for low productivity of chickpea in Central zone of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Field experiment was therefore, conducted for two consecutive years (2016-2017) in Laelay Maichew (Hatsebo) to evaluate the effects of NPSB fertilizer and rhizobium inoculation on yield and yield components of chickpea. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. Rhizobium inoculation was assigned to the main plots with two levels (with and without rhizobium inoculation) and NPSB fertilizer rates in sub plot with seven levels (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 kg ha-1 NPSB). Data collected were subjected to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SAS software. A combined analysis of variance showed a significant interaction effects of NPSB and rhizobium inoculation on chickpea yield and yield components (P<0.05) across the two years. The highest number of pods per plant (76.8) was recorded from 125 kg ha-1 NPSB along with rhizobium inoculation and the highest grain yields were obtained from 150 kg ha-1 (3609 kg ha-1) and 125 kg ha-1 NPSB (3514 kg ha-1) along with rhizobium inoculation. Maximum marginal rate of return (4106.68%) was gained when chickpea was inoculated with rhizobium and 125 kg ha-1 NPSB application. From the present results it could be concluded that 125 kg ha-1 NPSB along with rhizobium inoculation seeds would be the optimum treatment combination for enhancing chickpea yield and better profitability in soils with low level of available plant nutrients (NPSB).
土壤肥力低是埃塞俄比亚北部提格雷中部地区鹰嘴豆产量低的限制因素之一。因此，在Laelay Maichew（Hatsebo）连续两年（2016-2017年）进行了田间试验，以评估NPSB肥料和根瘤菌接种对鹰嘴豆产量和产量构成的影响。实验采用三次重复的分块设计。将根瘤菌接种分为两个水平（接种和不接种根瘤菌）的主小区和七个水平（0、25、50、75、100、125和150kg ha-1 NPSB）的子小区的NPSB施肥量。使用SAS软件对收集的数据进行方差分析（ANOVA）。方差组合分析显示，NPSB和根瘤菌接种对鹰嘴豆产量和产量构成因素的交互作用在两年内显著（P<0.05）。125 kg ha-1 NPSB和根瘤菌接种的单株荚数最高（76.8），150 kg ha-1（3609 kg ha-1）和125 kg ha-1NPSB和接种根瘤菌的单株产量最高。接种根瘤菌和125kg ha-1 NPSB的鹰嘴豆获得了最大的边际收益率（4106.68%）。从目前的结果可以得出结论，125 kg ha-1 NPSB和根瘤菌接种种子将是提高鹰嘴豆产量和在低水平有效植物营养素（NPSB）土壤中更好的盈利能力的最佳处理组合。
{"title":"Response of Chickpea (Cicier Arietinium L.) to Rhizobium Inoculation and Blended fertilizer Rates in Laelay Maichew, Central Zone of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia","authors":"Kiros Wolday, Atsede Teklu","doi":"10.30560/as.v2n2p122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30560/as.v2n2p122","url":null,"abstract":"Low soil fertility is one of the limiting factor for low productivity of chickpea in Central zone of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Field experiment was therefore, conducted for two consecutive years (2016-2017) in Laelay Maichew (Hatsebo) to evaluate the effects of NPSB fertilizer and rhizobium inoculation on yield and yield components of chickpea. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. Rhizobium inoculation was assigned to the main plots with two levels (with and without rhizobium inoculation) and NPSB fertilizer rates in sub plot with seven levels (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 kg ha-1 NPSB). Data collected were subjected to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SAS software. A combined analysis of variance showed a significant interaction effects of NPSB and rhizobium inoculation on chickpea yield and yield components (P<0.05) across the two years. The highest number of pods per plant (76.8) was recorded from 125 kg ha-1 NPSB along with rhizobium inoculation and the highest grain yields were obtained from 150 kg ha-1 (3609 kg ha-1) and 125 kg ha-1 NPSB (3514 kg ha-1) along with rhizobium inoculation. Maximum marginal rate of return (4106.68%) was gained when chickpea was inoculated with rhizobium and 125 kg ha-1 NPSB application. From the present results it could be concluded that 125 kg ha-1 NPSB along with rhizobium inoculation seeds would be the optimum treatment combination for enhancing chickpea yield and better profitability in soils with low level of available plant nutrients (NPSB).","PeriodicalId":7435,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science","volume":"2 1","pages":"122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48439304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was conducted to assess the effect of DCP and vitamin E supplementation on body weight, hematological(TEC, Hb content, PCV and ESR) and biochemical (AST and ALT) parameters of “Cobb 500” broiler. A total of 20 chicks (14 days old) were reared and randomly divided into four equal groups (n=5). Body weight was measured at each 7 days interval up to the end of the 35 days of experimental period. Group A was considered as control, fed with commercial ration. Group B, C and D were treated with 1 gm DCP per kg feed, 1 ml vitamin E per litre of drinking water, and 1 gm DCP per kg feed plus 1 ml vitamin E per litre of drinking water with commercial ration, respectively from day 14 to day 35. It was observed that DCP and vitamin E supplementation significantly (p<0.01) increased body weight. Moreover, TEC and Hb content increased significantly (p<0.01) in the treated groups as compared to control. Besides, ESR, AST and ALT values decreased significantly (p<0.01) in the treated groups. Therefore, it may be concluded that DCP and vitamin E could be used to improve body weight gain and blood profiles without any detrimental effect to liver and muscle on broilers.
{"title":"Effects of Dicalcium Phosphate (DCP) and Vitamin E on Growth Performance and Hemato-Biochemical Parameters in Broilers","authors":"T. Ikbal, S. Saha","doi":"10.30560/as.v2n2p104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30560/as.v2n2p104","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to assess the effect of DCP and vitamin E supplementation on body weight, hematological(TEC, Hb content, PCV and ESR) and biochemical (AST and ALT) parameters of “Cobb 500” broiler. A total of 20 chicks (14 days old) were reared and randomly divided into four equal groups (n=5). Body weight was measured at each 7 days interval up to the end of the 35 days of experimental period. Group A was considered as control, fed with commercial ration. Group B, C and D were treated with 1 gm DCP per kg feed, 1 ml vitamin E per litre of drinking water, and 1 gm DCP per kg feed plus 1 ml vitamin E per litre of drinking water with commercial ration, respectively from day 14 to day 35. It was observed that DCP and vitamin E supplementation significantly (p<0.01) increased body weight. Moreover, TEC and Hb content increased significantly (p<0.01) in the treated groups as compared to control. Besides, ESR, AST and ALT values decreased significantly (p<0.01) in the treated groups. Therefore, it may be concluded that DCP and vitamin E could be used to improve body weight gain and blood profiles without any detrimental effect to liver and muscle on broilers.","PeriodicalId":7435,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science","volume":"2 1","pages":"104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46266619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Abadi, Desale Gebretsadik, A. Girmay, Tesfahun Mekuanint, D. Desta
Soybean is a drought tolerant crop which can grow from low to medium altitudes. In the lowland areas of NorthWestern Tigray the growing of leguminous crop is very low. To introduce soybean commodity in North-western Tigray, demonstration of improved soybean varieties were conducted in 2018/19. The trail was conducted at Tahtay Adyabo and Tselemti Districts that have a potential for growing the soybean. It was conducted by selecting three Kebelles from the districts. A total of 35 farmers were involved in the intervention. The necessary training was given to the participant farmers and experts. Following this improved seed of Awassa-95 and Gizo varieties at Tahtay Adyabo Districts, and Wegayen and Gizo seed at Tselemti District were offered to participant farmers. Each farmer have been planted a plot size of 0.02 ha for each of the two varieties. The descriptive result shows, Awassa-95 soybean variety has given significantly higher yield at Tahtay Adyabo as compared to Gizo variety. The variety was gave an average yield of 1067 kg/ha and 570 kg/ha respectively Awassa-95 and Gizo varieties. On the other hand an average yield of 1231 kg/ha and 1052 kg/ha, respectively was obtained for Gizo and Wegayen varieties at Tselemti District. This shows that Tselemti District is more better for the cropping of Gizo variety. Moreover, the improved soybean verities (Gizo at Tselemti district and Awassa-95 at Tahtay Adyabo district) were found to be early maturing and best option to moisture stressed areas for the society protein source. Based on the result it is recommended to be popularize Awassa-95 soybean variety at Tahtay Adyabo District and Gizao soybean varieties at Tselemti District to large farmers. Therefore, the research center and the office of agriculture and rural development of the Districts to be popularized the varieties to large number farmers of the areas.
{"title":"Enhancing Soybean Production Through On-Farm Demonstration of Improved Soybean Varieties at Tselemti and Tahtay Adyabo Districts of North-Western Zone Tigray, Ethiopia","authors":"T. Abadi, Desale Gebretsadik, A. Girmay, Tesfahun Mekuanint, D. Desta","doi":"10.30560/as.v2n2p99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30560/as.v2n2p99","url":null,"abstract":"Soybean is a drought tolerant crop which can grow from low to medium altitudes. In the lowland areas of NorthWestern Tigray the growing of leguminous crop is very low. To introduce soybean commodity in North-western Tigray, demonstration of improved soybean varieties were conducted in 2018/19. The trail was conducted at Tahtay Adyabo and Tselemti Districts that have a potential for growing the soybean. It was conducted by selecting three Kebelles from the districts. A total of 35 farmers were involved in the intervention. The necessary training was given to the participant farmers and experts. Following this improved seed of Awassa-95 and Gizo varieties at Tahtay Adyabo Districts, and Wegayen and Gizo seed at Tselemti District were offered to participant farmers. Each farmer have been planted a plot size of 0.02 ha for each of the two varieties. The descriptive result shows, Awassa-95 soybean variety has given significantly higher yield at Tahtay Adyabo as compared to Gizo variety. The variety was gave an average yield of 1067 kg/ha and 570 kg/ha respectively Awassa-95 and Gizo varieties. On the other hand an average yield of 1231 kg/ha and 1052 kg/ha, respectively was obtained for Gizo and Wegayen varieties at Tselemti District. This shows that Tselemti District is more better for the cropping of Gizo variety. Moreover, the improved soybean verities (Gizo at Tselemti district and Awassa-95 at Tahtay Adyabo district) were found to be early maturing and best option to moisture stressed areas for the society protein source. Based on the result it is recommended to be popularize Awassa-95 soybean variety at Tahtay Adyabo District and Gizao soybean varieties at Tselemti District to large farmers. Therefore, the research center and the office of agriculture and rural development of the Districts to be popularized the varieties to large number farmers of the areas.","PeriodicalId":7435,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science","volume":"2 1","pages":"99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46950989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated the effects of five soils of different textures on wheat cultivation under irrigation with freshwater (FW) and municipal wastewater (WW). The experimental design was a split-plot with irrigation water quality as main factor and soil texture as sub-factor in three replications. These factors respectively comprised 2 and 5 treatments. Soil texture significantly (p≤0.05) influenced plant height, leaf area index (LAI), spike length, number of grains per spike, above ground dry matter (ADM), grain yield, straw yield and biomass yield of wheat in most cases both under FW and WW irrigation. The harvest index (HI) of wheat responded significantly under FW irrigation only. Under FW, treatment T5 (silt loam) produced the highest grain yield (4.2 t ha–1) followed by T3 (loam-1) (3.1 t ha–1); the lowest yield (2.0 t ha–1) was in the control treatment, T1 (loamy sand). Under WW, treatment T2 (sandy loam) produced the highest grain yield (5.0 t ha–1) followed by T4 (loam-2) (4.5 t ha–1) both of which are statistically similar; the lowest yield (3.4 t ha–1) was in the control treatment. Treatments T2 and T4 provided the highest straw yield (5.6 t ha–1) and treatment T2 provided the highest biomass yield (10.6 t ha–1), both under WW; both T2 and T4 produced invariant biomass yields. Compared to other treatments, T2 and T4 gave statistically similar but significantly higher water productivity with respect to straw and grain yields. The lowest water productivity was in treatment T1 under both water qualities. The results of this study provided sound criteria in selecting suitable lands for wheat cultivation based on irrigation water quality, specifically in alluvial plains where soil texture is prone to high variations. Also, the observed facts of improved productivity of lower quality coarse-textured soils due to addition of easily available and inexpensive clay would provide guidance to bring unproductive sandy soils under production by clay amendments.
研究了5种不同质地土壤在淡水和城市污水灌溉下对小麦种植的影响。试验设计是以灌溉水质为主要因素，土壤质地为次要因素的三次重复分割小区。这些因素分别包括2个和5个处理。在FW和WW灌溉条件下，土壤质地对小麦株高、叶面积指数、穗长、穗粒数、地上干物质、籽粒产量、秸秆产量和生物量产量均有显著影响（p≤0.05）。仅FW灌溉对小麦收获指数（HI）有显著影响。在FW条件下，处理T5（粉壤土）的粮食产量最高（4.2 t ha–1），其次是T3（壤土-1）（3.1 t ha–2）；产量最低（2.0t ha–1）的是对照处理T1（壤土）。在WW条件下，处理T2（沙壤土）的粮食产量最高（5.0 t ha–1），其次是处理T4（壤土-2）（4.5 t ha–2），两者在统计上相似；产量最低的是对照处理（3.4t ha–1）。在WW条件下，T2和T4处理的秸秆产量最高（5.6 t ha–1），T2处理的生物量产量最高（10.6 t ha–2）；T2和T4都产生不变的生物质产量。与其他处理相比，T2和T4在秸秆和谷物产量方面具有统计学上相似但显著更高的水分生产率。在两种水质下，处理T1的产水量最低。这项研究的结果为根据灌溉水质选择合适的小麦种植地提供了可靠的标准，特别是在土壤质地易于高度变化的冲积平原。此外，由于添加了易得且廉价的粘土，观察到质量较低的粗质地土壤的生产力有所提高，这将为通过粘土改良剂生产非生产性沙质土壤提供指导。
{"title":"Performance of Wheat in Five Soils of Different Textures under Freshwater and Wastewater Irrigation","authors":"Abdul Mojid, K. Mousumi, T. Ahmed","doi":"10.30560/as.v2n2p89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30560/as.v2n2p89","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the effects of five soils of different textures on wheat cultivation under irrigation with freshwater (FW) and municipal wastewater (WW). The experimental design was a split-plot with irrigation water quality as main factor and soil texture as sub-factor in three replications. These factors respectively comprised 2 and 5 treatments. Soil texture significantly (p≤0.05) influenced plant height, leaf area index (LAI), spike length, number of grains per spike, above ground dry matter (ADM), grain yield, straw yield and biomass yield of wheat in most cases both under FW and WW irrigation. The harvest index (HI) of wheat responded significantly under FW irrigation only. Under FW, treatment T5 (silt loam) produced the highest grain yield (4.2 t ha–1) followed by T3 (loam-1) (3.1 t ha–1); the lowest yield (2.0 t ha–1) was in the control treatment, T1 (loamy sand). Under WW, treatment T2 (sandy loam) produced the highest grain yield (5.0 t ha–1) followed by T4 (loam-2) (4.5 t ha–1) both of which are statistically similar; the lowest yield (3.4 t ha–1) was in the control treatment. Treatments T2 and T4 provided the highest straw yield (5.6 t ha–1) and treatment T2 provided the highest biomass yield (10.6 t ha–1), both under WW; both T2 and T4 produced invariant biomass yields. Compared to other treatments, T2 and T4 gave statistically similar but significantly higher water productivity with respect to straw and grain yields. The lowest water productivity was in treatment T1 under both water qualities. The results of this study provided sound criteria in selecting suitable lands for wheat cultivation based on irrigation water quality, specifically in alluvial plains where soil texture is prone to high variations. Also, the observed facts of improved productivity of lower quality coarse-textured soils due to addition of easily available and inexpensive clay would provide guidance to bring unproductive sandy soils under production by clay amendments.","PeriodicalId":7435,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science","volume":"2 1","pages":"89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43458531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Berhanu Meles, C. Nigus, Atsede Teklu, Yonas G Mariam
Purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the combination of seed scarification treatment and ZPT immersion on the power of watermelon seed germination; to find out the effect of treatment of seed scarification on watermelon seed germination; to find out the effect of ZPT immersion treatment on the power of watermelon seed germination. This experiment was carried out in the laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Merdeka University, Surabaya. Place height of approximately 5 m above sea level. The experiment was arranged factorially in Randomized Block Design (RBD), consisting of two factors: Treatment of seed scarification with 2 levels of treatment and length of immersion of ZPT with 4 treatment levels. Each treatment combination was repeated three times and each combination treatment consisted of 50 seeds watermelon. Factor I is the treatment of seed scarification consisting of without stripping, and stripping Factor II which is the soaking time of ZPT which consists of without soaking; 10 minutes immersion; 20 minutes soaking and 30 minutes soaking. Observations were made every day until the germinated seeds did not germinate again (7 days after germination), observations made included: Germination rate, germination percentage, radicle length, plumula length. The results of statistical analysis showed that the overall combination of seed scarification and soaking of ZPT against watermelon seed germination had not yet given a real interaction effect. Separately the seed scarification treatment had a significant effect on root growth of watermelon sprouts, and did not affect the growth of plumula length, germination percentage and sprout speed, but ZPT immersion treatment significantly affected the percentage of germination, sprout speed, root length growth, and length of plumula growth. . The average percentage of germination, germination rate, length of the plumula and the length of the watermelon seed radicles were best obtained in ZPT immersion treatment with 30 minutes soaking time, which was then followed by other treatments.
{"title":"Participatory Evaluation and Selection of Improved Bread Wheat (Triticum Aestivum. L) Varieties in Northern Ethiopia","authors":"Berhanu Meles, C. Nigus, Atsede Teklu, Yonas G Mariam","doi":"10.30560/AS.V2N2P80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30560/AS.V2N2P80","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the combination of seed scarification treatment and ZPT immersion on the power of watermelon seed germination; to find out the effect of treatment of seed scarification on watermelon seed germination; to find out the effect of ZPT immersion treatment on the power of watermelon seed germination. This experiment was carried out in the laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Merdeka University, Surabaya. Place height of approximately 5 m above sea level. The experiment was arranged factorially in Randomized Block Design (RBD), consisting of two factors: Treatment of seed scarification with 2 levels of treatment and length of immersion of ZPT with 4 treatment levels. Each treatment combination was repeated three times and each combination treatment consisted of 50 seeds watermelon. Factor I is the treatment of seed scarification consisting of without stripping, and stripping Factor II which is the soaking time of ZPT which consists of without soaking; 10 minutes immersion; 20 minutes soaking and 30 minutes soaking. Observations were made every day until the germinated seeds did not germinate again (7 days after germination), observations made included: Germination rate, germination percentage, radicle length, plumula length. The results of statistical analysis showed that the overall combination of seed scarification and soaking of ZPT against watermelon seed germination had not yet given a real interaction effect. Separately the seed scarification treatment had a significant effect on root growth of watermelon sprouts, and did not affect the growth of plumula length, germination percentage and sprout speed, but ZPT immersion treatment significantly affected the percentage of germination, sprout speed, root length growth, and length of plumula growth. . The average percentage of germination, germination rate, length of the plumula and the length of the watermelon seed radicles were best obtained in ZPT immersion treatment with 30 minutes soaking time, which was then followed by other treatments.","PeriodicalId":7435,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science","volume":"2 1","pages":"80-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42892751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mobashwer Alam, Masum Ahmad, M. Rahman, Fakhar Uddin Talukder, Md. Israfil Jahan, R. Hossain
Bangladesh is a sub-tropical and humid country. That is why, the infestation of insects during storage is very common here. The maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), locally known as “Katta Poka”, is one of the most serious cosmopolitan pest of stored cereal grain, especially of maize (Zea mays L.), in tropical and subtropical regions including Bangladesh. Considering the issue, the study was conducted in the laboratory of Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) following completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications to evaluate the efficacy of four locally available botanicals and chemicals. The botanicals used were: Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf, Datura (Datura stramonium) leaf, Nishinda (Vitex negundo L) leaf and Garlic (Allium sativum L.) tablet powders at three different doses (3, 4 and 5gm)/100g of grain seed against maize weevil. The results revealed that all test materials at 5g doses exhibited higher mortality action against maize weevil while at 3g doses it gave the lowest percentage efficacy. Powdered leaves of neem and datura at 4 and 5gm were showed statistical significant (P<0.01) differences while powdered leaves of nishinda at the similar rates were observed with moderately effectiveness and powdered tablet of garlic gave the lowest mortality rate within 28 days of exposure in all tested doses. These findings suggest that botanical treatments exerted better mortality of maize weevil and reduced maize seed weight loss with higher germination capacity compared to the untreated control. It was also observed that the highest mortality percentage, lowest seed weight loss and highest germination capacity in the seeds which were treated with Sevin 85SP at the rate of 0.25g/100g maize seeds. Maize grains treated with botanicals, indicated that insect reproduction and development were impaired in all botanical pesticides. It is suggested that datura leaf, neem leaf powder can be used as good alternatives to chemical insecticides against S. zeamays due to their higher mortality, lower seed weight losses and higher germination capacity.
{"title":"Bio-Rational Management of Maize Weevil, Sitophilus Zeamais in Maize (Zea Mays) Seeds","authors":"Mobashwer Alam, Masum Ahmad, M. Rahman, Fakhar Uddin Talukder, Md. Israfil Jahan, R. Hossain","doi":"10.30560/as.v2n2p59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30560/as.v2n2p59","url":null,"abstract":"Bangladesh is a sub-tropical and humid country. That is why, the infestation of insects during storage is very common here. The maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), locally known as “Katta Poka”, is one of the most serious cosmopolitan pest of stored cereal grain, especially of maize (Zea mays L.), in tropical and subtropical regions including Bangladesh. Considering the issue, the study was conducted in the laboratory of Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) following completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications to evaluate the efficacy of four locally available botanicals and chemicals. The botanicals used were: Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf, Datura (Datura stramonium) leaf, Nishinda (Vitex negundo L) leaf and Garlic (Allium sativum L.) tablet powders at three different doses (3, 4 and 5gm)/100g of grain seed against maize weevil. The results revealed that all test materials at 5g doses exhibited higher mortality action against maize weevil while at 3g doses it gave the lowest percentage efficacy. Powdered leaves of neem and datura at 4 and 5gm were showed statistical significant (P<0.01) differences while powdered leaves of nishinda at the similar rates were observed with moderately effectiveness and powdered tablet of garlic gave the lowest mortality rate within 28 days of exposure in all tested doses. These findings suggest that botanical treatments exerted better mortality of maize weevil and reduced maize seed weight loss with higher germination capacity compared to the untreated control. It was also observed that the highest mortality percentage, lowest seed weight loss and highest germination capacity in the seeds which were treated with Sevin 85SP at the rate of 0.25g/100g maize seeds. Maize grains treated with botanicals, indicated that insect reproduction and development were impaired in all botanical pesticides. It is suggested that datura leaf, neem leaf powder can be used as good alternatives to chemical insecticides against S. zeamays due to their higher mortality, lower seed weight losses and higher germination capacity.","PeriodicalId":7435,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science","volume":"2 1","pages":"59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45170501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Willy Lusasi Swana, Rosette Manza Kilunda, Nadine Bipendu Muamba, Clément Munganga Kilingwa, G. Nkosi, Victor Pwema Kiamfu
The objective of this study is to analyse the ichthyological composition of smoked fish sold in the Liberté and Gambela markets in Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of Congo through a systematic inventory. A 7-month survey was carried out among 200 smoked fish vendors in the two markets in order to extract the information sought. The results obtained show that the sale of smoked fish in Kinshasa is an activity reserved for women with a dominance of married vendors. The smoked fish sold in the two markets are diversified and belong to 6 orders, 13 families, 20 genera and 22 species. Fish belonging to the Siluriformes (30.8%), Characiformes (23.1%), Osteoglossiformes and Perciformes orders (15.4% respectively) are in the majority, while at the family level, Distichodontidae and Mormyridae fish are the most abundant (13.6%). Parachanna spp: 27.6%, Protopterus doloï: 26.3%, Clarias spp: 19.4% and Channalabes apus: 19.1% are the most sold fish species. Households (with 57.6%), restaurateurs (26.4%) and exporters (with 10.2%) are the biggest consumers of smoked fish sold in Kinshasa, which come from the interior of the country and, essentially, from the provinces of Equateur, Mai-Ndombe, Mongala and Sud Ubangi.
{"title":"Analysis of the Ichtyological Composition of Smoked Fish Sold in the Liberté and Gambela markets in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo","authors":"Willy Lusasi Swana, Rosette Manza Kilunda, Nadine Bipendu Muamba, Clément Munganga Kilingwa, G. Nkosi, Victor Pwema Kiamfu","doi":"10.30560/as.v2n2p69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30560/as.v2n2p69","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study is to analyse the ichthyological composition of smoked fish sold in the Liberté and Gambela markets in Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of Congo through a systematic inventory. A 7-month survey was carried out among 200 smoked fish vendors in the two markets in order to extract the information sought. The results obtained show that the sale of smoked fish in Kinshasa is an activity reserved for women with a dominance of married vendors. The smoked fish sold in the two markets are diversified and belong to 6 orders, 13 families, 20 genera and 22 species. Fish belonging to the Siluriformes (30.8%), Characiformes (23.1%), Osteoglossiformes and Perciformes orders (15.4% respectively) are in the majority, while at the family level, Distichodontidae and Mormyridae fish are the most abundant (13.6%). Parachanna spp: 27.6%, Protopterus doloï: 26.3%, Clarias spp: 19.4% and Channalabes apus: 19.1% are the most sold fish species. Households (with 57.6%), restaurateurs (26.4%) and exporters (with 10.2%) are the biggest consumers of smoked fish sold in Kinshasa, which come from the interior of the country and, essentially, from the provinces of Equateur, Mai-Ndombe, Mongala and Sud Ubangi.","PeriodicalId":7435,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science","volume":"2 1","pages":"69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45571554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Jashore, Bangladesh during rabi season of (2019-2020) to evaluate the effect of foliar application of urea on growth and yield of short durative lentil variety (BARI Masur-9). The experiment was conducted in split plot design with three replications where time of urea spraying, P1= at branching stage, P2= at pod initiation stage were distributed in main plots and doses of urea spraying T1= application of 100% recommended fertilizers as basal except urea, T2= application of 100% recommended fertilizers as basal, T3= application of 75% of urea with 100% of other fertilizers as basal and rest of the 25% of urea by spraying, T4= application of 25% of urea with 100% of other fertilizers as basal and rest of the 75% of urea by spraying, T5= application of 50% of urea with 100% of other fertilizers as basal and rest of the 50% of urea by spraying were distributed in sub plots. The highest plant height, number of pods per plant were obtained from application of 75% of urea with 100% of other fertilizers as basal and rest of the 25% of urea spraying at pod initiation stage. The highest seed yield was also found from application of 75% of urea with 100% of other fertilizers as basal and rest of the 25% of urea spraying at pod initiation stage followed by application of 100% recommended fertilizers as basal and application of 50% of urea with 100% of other fertilizers as basal and rest of the 50% of urea by spraying at branching stage. Plant height, pods per plant and days to maturity showed positive correlation with seed yield. On the other hand days to flower and plants per m2 has no linear relationship with seed yield. The highest marginal benefit cost ratio (3.29) was recorded from application of 75% of urea with 100% of other fertilizers as basal and rest of the 25% of urea by spraying at pod initiation stage. So based on findings to increase the yield potential of BARI Masur-9 foliar application of urea may be a tool and hence application of 75% of urea with 100% of other fertilizers as basal and rest of the 25% of urea by spraying at pod initiation stage may be consider as the best treatment.
{"title":"Effect of Foliar Application of Urea on Growth and Yield of Short Durative Lentil Variety (BARI Masur-9)","authors":"M. Kobir, M. Harun-Or-Rashid, Md. Hafijur Rahman","doi":"10.30560/as.v2n2p49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30560/as.v2n2p49","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Jashore, Bangladesh during rabi season of (2019-2020) to evaluate the effect of foliar application of urea on growth and yield of short durative lentil variety (BARI Masur-9). The experiment was conducted in split plot design with three replications where time of urea spraying, P1= at branching stage, P2= at pod initiation stage were distributed in main plots and doses of urea spraying T1= application of 100% recommended fertilizers as basal except urea, T2= application of 100% recommended fertilizers as basal, T3= application of 75% of urea with 100% of other fertilizers as basal and rest of the 25% of urea by spraying, T4= application of 25% of urea with 100% of other fertilizers as basal and rest of the 75% of urea by spraying, T5= application of 50% of urea with 100% of other fertilizers as basal and rest of the 50% of urea by spraying were distributed in sub plots. The highest plant height, number of pods per plant were obtained from application of 75% of urea with 100% of other fertilizers as basal and rest of the 25% of urea spraying at pod initiation stage. The highest seed yield was also found from application of 75% of urea with 100% of other fertilizers as basal and rest of the 25% of urea spraying at pod initiation stage followed by application of 100% recommended fertilizers as basal and application of 50% of urea with 100% of other fertilizers as basal and rest of the 50% of urea by spraying at branching stage. Plant height, pods per plant and days to maturity showed positive correlation with seed yield. On the other hand days to flower and plants per m2 has no linear relationship with seed yield. The highest marginal benefit cost ratio (3.29) was recorded from application of 75% of urea with 100% of other fertilizers as basal and rest of the 25% of urea by spraying at pod initiation stage. So based on findings to increase the yield potential of BARI Masur-9 foliar application of urea may be a tool and hence application of 75% of urea with 100% of other fertilizers as basal and rest of the 25% of urea by spraying at pod initiation stage may be consider as the best treatment.","PeriodicalId":7435,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science","volume":"2 1","pages":"49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49116017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Potato production and consumption are booming worldwide, greater quantity of it is being processed into food and snacks. It is the most important horticultural crop which is a good substitute for maize to supplement carbohydrates. It was declared a national strategic food security crop on 18 May 2012 by the government of Zimbabwe. This paper critically review the value chain of Irish potato in Zimbabwe with a focus on its any government policy and support with regards to promoting the crop and key stakeholders involved in the value chain. The Irish potato value chain in Zimbabwe has great potential to improve and if well supported, it can contribute to the GDP of the country. This can be done if the government improve on its policy implementation through capacity development of its research and extension workers and more resources have to be availed to this area has showed great potential in terms of marketing and production. The key drivers at production level who will help in ensuring that necessary interventions are carried out to improve long term performance of the Irish potato value chain operate in an enabling environment. This is done by offering incentives to the potato farmers and all the value chain players. The economy of a country is driven by having well thought out policies and interventions that can even subsidies inputs and other raw material required along the value chain.
{"title":"A Critical Review of Value Chain for Irish Potato in Zimbabwe with Specific Regards to the Economic Policy: A Review","authors":"N. Sakadzo, Jeremiah Mavugara, A. Musara","doi":"10.30560/as.v2n2p42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30560/as.v2n2p42","url":null,"abstract":"Potato production and consumption are booming worldwide, greater quantity of it is being processed into food and snacks. It is the most important horticultural crop which is a good substitute for maize to supplement carbohydrates. It was declared a national strategic food security crop on 18 May 2012 by the government of Zimbabwe. This paper critically review the value chain of Irish potato in Zimbabwe with a focus on its any government policy and support with regards to promoting the crop and key stakeholders involved in the value chain. The Irish potato value chain in Zimbabwe has great potential to improve and if well supported, it can contribute to the GDP of the country. This can be done if the government improve on its policy implementation through capacity development of its research and extension workers and more resources have to be availed to this area has showed great potential in terms of marketing and production. The key drivers at production level who will help in ensuring that necessary interventions are carried out to improve long term performance of the Irish potato value chain operate in an enabling environment. This is done by offering incentives to the potato farmers and all the value chain players. The economy of a country is driven by having well thought out policies and interventions that can even subsidies inputs and other raw material required along the value chain.","PeriodicalId":7435,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science","volume":"2 1","pages":"42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44880671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Rashid, M. Rasheduzzaman, M. Sarker, S. Faruque, S. Palash, N. Sarker
The study was conducted to know the existing turkey production system, supply chain mapping, and identifying the prospects and problems of turkey rearing in some selected areas of Bangladesh during October 2019 to December 2019. A total of 100 turkey raisers were surveyed following convenience method of sampling technique. The primary data were collected, analyzed accordingly and tabular presentation method was applied with the help of simple descriptive statistical measures e.g. frequency distributions, percentage, sum and means to illustrating the results. Profitability analysis was done on the basis of variable cost, fixed cost, return by using arithmetic means and percentages. The study revealed that 87 male and 13 female respondents were surveyed, of them cent percent found educated. About 56% turkey keeper’s main occupation was business, 27% service and 12% in farming while 88.57% involved with farming as secondary sources of income. Average landholding for homestead, cultivable and non-cultivable was 24.40, 129.71 and 29.47 decimal, respectively. About 59% farms started for commercial purpose, 32% for non-commercial purpose and 9% for both. About 60% respondents kept less than 50 turkeys and only 2% kept 501-1000 turkeys. Among the surveyed farms55% stopped their operation and 45% farms found running their business. Among the running farms cent percent were small-scale group. The average feed intake was 192.13 grams per day per bird at 20 weeks of age. Turkey laid on an average 139 eggs a year irrespective of variety and for hatching poults, the fertility and hatchability rate found between 65 to 100% and 50 to 90%, respectively. About 28% farmers experienced the deaths of turkey because of Cold, Pox, Ranikhet, Bird flu and unknown cases and 69.47% farmers took veterinary advice from Upazila Livestock Hospital and rest from other sources. Farmers to consumers were the most common and widely used marketing channel for egg, chick and adult turkey. The market intermediaries of turkey farm carried out different marketing functions e.g. buying and selling, pricing, transportation, sorting, distribution and market information. The average net return and benefit-cost ratio was BDT 127838.04 and 1.38, respectively for 50 turkeys per year. In the study, turkey rearing found some comparative benefit over chicken and ducks e.g. higher weight gain, forage eater, lower diseases rate and suitability for the country. The main problem of turkey rearing identified as market instability, lack of quality turkey feed, higher feed price, lack of proper marketing facility and training on turkey farming. In conclusion, the small-scale turkey farming could be a viable source of income for the rural people of Bangladesh after taking some remedial steps by the Government of Bangladesh for the aforesaid hindrances faced by the turkey farmers.
{"title":"Small-Scale Turkey Farming in Bangladesh: Farming Practices, Profitability and Supply Chain Mapping","authors":"M. Rashid, M. Rasheduzzaman, M. Sarker, S. Faruque, S. Palash, N. Sarker","doi":"10.30560/as.v2n2p28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30560/as.v2n2p28","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted to know the existing turkey production system, supply chain mapping, and identifying the prospects and problems of turkey rearing in some selected areas of Bangladesh during October 2019 to December 2019. A total of 100 turkey raisers were surveyed following convenience method of sampling technique. The primary data were collected, analyzed accordingly and tabular presentation method was applied with the help of simple descriptive statistical measures e.g. frequency distributions, percentage, sum and means to illustrating the results. Profitability analysis was done on the basis of variable cost, fixed cost, return by using arithmetic means and percentages. The study revealed that 87 male and 13 female respondents were surveyed, of them cent percent found educated. About 56% turkey keeper’s main occupation was business, 27% service and 12% in farming while 88.57% involved with farming as secondary sources of income. Average landholding for homestead, cultivable and non-cultivable was 24.40, 129.71 and 29.47 decimal, respectively. About 59% farms started for commercial purpose, 32% for non-commercial purpose and 9% for both. About 60% respondents kept less than 50 turkeys and only 2% kept 501-1000 turkeys. Among the surveyed farms55% stopped their operation and 45% farms found running their business. Among the running farms cent percent were small-scale group. The average feed intake was 192.13 grams per day per bird at 20 weeks of age. Turkey laid on an average 139 eggs a year irrespective of variety and for hatching poults, the fertility and hatchability rate found between 65 to 100% and 50 to 90%, respectively. About 28% farmers experienced the deaths of turkey because of Cold, Pox, Ranikhet, Bird flu and unknown cases and 69.47% farmers took veterinary advice from Upazila Livestock Hospital and rest from other sources. Farmers to consumers were the most common and widely used marketing channel for egg, chick and adult turkey. The market intermediaries of turkey farm carried out different marketing functions e.g. buying and selling, pricing, transportation, sorting, distribution and market information. The average net return and benefit-cost ratio was BDT 127838.04 and 1.38, respectively for 50 turkeys per year. In the study, turkey rearing found some comparative benefit over chicken and ducks e.g. higher weight gain, forage eater, lower diseases rate and suitability for the country. The main problem of turkey rearing identified as market instability, lack of quality turkey feed, higher feed price, lack of proper marketing facility and training on turkey farming. In conclusion, the small-scale turkey farming could be a viable source of income for the rural people of Bangladesh after taking some remedial steps by the Government of Bangladesh for the aforesaid hindrances faced by the turkey farmers.","PeriodicalId":7435,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science","volume":"2 1","pages":"28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45212771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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