Ophthalmology science最新文献

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Efdamrofusp Alfa with Personalized Dosing Intervals in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Phase II Trial","authors":"Tong Li MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Shiqi Yang MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Qinghuai Liu MD ,&nbsp;Yanping Song MS ,&nbsp;Jianping Tong MD ,&nbsp;Wenbin Wei MD ,&nbsp;Weiqi Chen BS ,&nbsp;Hong Dai MD ,&nbsp;Wei Wang MS ,&nbsp;Miaoqin Wu MD ,&nbsp;Guohong Zhou MD ,&nbsp;Xuan Xiao MD ,&nbsp;Jinglin Zhang MD ,&nbsp;Rongrong Zhu MS ,&nbsp;Haoyu Li MS ,&nbsp;Yafang Wang PhD ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Chen PhD ,&nbsp;Shujie Lu MS ,&nbsp;Haiwei Du PhD ,&nbsp;Han Han-Zhang PhD ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Sun MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100913","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100913","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of high-dose efdamrofusp alfa (IBI302, targeting VEGF and complement C3b/4b) with personalized dosing intervals in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A multicenter, randomized, double-masked, active-controlled, noninferiority phase II trial.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>A total of 132 anti-VEGF naïve or previously treated participants with nAMD were enrolled.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Eligible participants were randomized (1:1:1) to receive IBI302 6.4 mg, IBI302 8.0 mg, or aflibercept 2.0 mg. Efdamrofusp alfa groups were dosed every 8 weeks (Q8W) or every 12 weeks (Q12W), based on disease activity assessment at week 20, after 4 monthly injections. The aflibercept 2.0-mg group was dosed Q8W, after 3 monthly injections.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>The primary endpoint was the mean change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) from baseline to week 40. The prespecified noninferiority margin was 4 letters.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The least squares mean (standard error) changes in BCVA from baseline to week 40 were +10.5 (1.5) letters with IBI302 6.4 mg, +9.2 (1.5) letters with IBI302 8.0 mg, and +9.7 (1.5) letters with aflibercept 2.0 mg. The estimated differences were +0.8 (80% confidence interval: –1.9 to 3.6, noninferiority test: P = 0.0115) for IBI302 6.4 mg versus aflibercept 2.0 mg and –0.5 (–3.3 to 2.2, noninferiority test: P = 0.0123) for IBI302 8.0 mg versus aflibercept 2.0 mg. Over 80% of participants in IBI302 groups were dosed Q12W after week 20 and maintained their regimens until the end of study. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) in the study eye were reported in 36.4% of participants receiving IBI302 6.4 mg, 37.8% receiving IBI302 8.0 mg, and 23.3% receiving aflibercept 2.0 mg. The most common ocular TEAE was conjunctival hemorrhage (9.1% for 6.4 mg and 11.1% for 8.0 mg) in both IBI302 groups, whereas cataract (7.0%) was the most frequent ocular TEAE in the aflibercept 2.0-mg group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Efdamrofusp alfa 6.4 and 8.0 mg dosed up to Q12W demonstrated noninferior visual gain to aflibercept 2.0 mg Q8W. Moreover, IBI302 groups were well tolerated. These findings suggested that high-dose IBI302 with extended dosing intervals could provide sustained visual benefits for patients with nAMD.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100913"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional Efficacy of Intravitreal Dental Pulp Stem Cells versus Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell–Conditioned Media in Experimental Retinal Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury","authors":"M. Hossein Nowroozzadeh MD,&nbsp;Mehrnoosh Maalhagh MD,&nbsp;Fatemeh Sanie-Jahromi PhD,&nbsp;Navid Fazlinejad MD,&nbsp;Farid Shahrivar MD,&nbsp;Mohsen Farvardin MD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100941","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100941","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal dental pulp stem cell–conditioned medium (DPSC-CM) versus human umbilical vein endothelial cell–CM (HUVEC-CM) in preserving retinal function after ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) in rabbits.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Experimental animal study.</div></div><div><h3>Subjects</h3><div>Eighteen rabbits subjected to retinal IRI and randomized to receive intravitreal injections of DPSC-CM, HUVEC-CM, or balanced salt solution (BSS) (n = 6 per group).</div></div><div><h3>Intervention</h3><div>After induction of retinal IRI, rabbits received intravitreal injections of DPSC-CM, HUVEC-CM, or BSS. Electroretinography (ERG) was performed 7 days postinjection to assess retinal function, measuring both dark-adapted (DA) and light-adapted (LA) responses.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Preservation of a-wave and b-wave amplitudes on ERG as indicators of photoreceptor (PR) and bipolar cell function, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both DPSC-CM and HUVEC-CM significantly preserved b-wave amplitudes in DA ERG responses compared to BSS (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Dental pulp stem cell–conditioned medium demonstrated superior preservation of a-wave amplitudes, indicating enhanced PR function. Both treatments also maintained LA ERG responses. Transient mucopurulent discharge in 2 DPSC-CM–treated rabbits and a localized posterior subcapsular opacity in one BSS-treated rabbit were observed; all resolved without sequelae.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Intravitreal DPSC-CM and HUVEC-CM are effective in preserving retinal function after IRI, with DPSC-CM showing particular advantage in PR protection. These results support further investigation into DPSC-CM and HUVEC-CM as potential therapies for retinal ischemic conditions, such as retinal artery occlusion and anterior ischemic optic neuropathy.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>The authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100941"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145363984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lacquer Cracks Detection and Measurement Using Black-on-White Infrared Reflectance and Late-Phase Indocyanine Green Angiography in Pathologic Myopia","authors":"Matteo Maria Girolamo MD ,&nbsp;Emanuele Crincoli MD ,&nbsp;Francesca Amoroso MD ,&nbsp;Juliana Estrada-Walker MD ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Querques MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Eric H. Souied MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Alexandra Miere MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100987","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100987","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The aim of this study is to compare the detection and quantification of lacquer cracks (LCs) using 2 imaging methods: indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) and black-on-white infrared reflectance (bwIR).</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Retrospective single-center study.</div></div><div><h3>Subjects</h3><div>Myopic patients diagnosed with LCs at the Department of Ophthalmology of the University Paris Est Créteil.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Medical records and multimodal imaging, including bwIR and ICGA, of myopic patients aged &gt;18 years with LCs were reviewed. Two independent graders evaluated the presence of LCs in bwIR images and on late-phase ICGA. Image processing was used to segment and compute the area of LCs on bwIR and ICGA.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Evaluation and comparison of the rate of detection of LCs on bwIR and late-phase ICGA. Comparison between the extent of LCs detected by bwIR and with late-phase ICGA.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirty-two (32) eyes of 22 patients (13 women, 9 men) with a mean age of 54.95 ± 18.7 years were included in this study. Graders detected LCs on bwIR images in 29/32 analyzed cases (90.6% sensitivity, 95% CI: 75%–98%), whereas they detected LCs in 32/32 cases in ICGA images (100% sensitivity). Agreement between graders in detection was very good (Cohen κ = 0.78). The mean area of the LCs detected in bwIR images was 14.58 ± 8.21 mm², whereas the mean area of the LCs in ICGA was 13.86 ± 8.50 mm². This difference was not statistically significant in paired analysis (<em>P</em> = 0.73).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In this study, we propose rapid and noninvasive bwIR as a valid and promising noninvasive screening tool for detection of LCs and quantifying their extension.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100987"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145618261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Artifacts in Macular and Peripapillary OCT Angiography in Patients with Different Severities of Glaucoma","authors":"Yun Hsia MD, MS ,&nbsp;Hsiao-Lien Chang MD ,&nbsp;Tsing-Hong Wang MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Jehn-Yu Huang MD, MPH ,&nbsp;Chien-Chia Su MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100964","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100964","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To investigate the prevalence and types of artifacts in OCT angiography (OCTA) among patients with different glaucoma severities.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Prospective cross-sectional study.</div></div><div><h3>Subjects</h3><div>Patients with open-angle glaucoma from a tertiary center were prospectively categorized into mild (mean deviation [MD] of 24-2 visual field ≥ –6 decibels [dB]), moderate (–6 to ≥ –12 dB), advanced (–12 to ≥ –20 dB), and severe glaucoma group (MD &lt; –20 dB).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>AngioVue OCTA was performed three times within a single visit to obtain superficial and deep macular vessel density (VD) with 3 x 3–mm macular scans, and peripapillary VD with 4.5 x 4.5–mm scans centered on the optic disc. The intrasession variability was assessed by the coefficient of variation (CoV). Different types of image artifacts were identified.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>The prevalence of artifacts in patients with varying glaucoma severities, patient-related factors associated with artifact occurrence, and their impact on scan quality index (SQI) and variability of OCTA parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the 57 mild, 46 moderate, 46 advanced, and 39 severe glaucoma eyes, half of OCTA images exhibited artifacts. Their prevalence increased from 30% in mild to 67% in severe glaucoma (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) for peripapillary scans and from 39% to 62% (<em>P</em> = 0.001) for macular scans. Defocus was the most common artifact (26%) and increased with worsening MD (<em>P</em> = 0.006), contributing to greater CoV of superficial (<em>P</em> = 0.043) and deep (<em>P</em> = 0.024) macular VD and reduced macular SQI (<em>P</em> = 0.018). Peripapillary scans were more affected by artifacts, with defocus (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and eye movement (<em>P</em> = 0.025) increasing as MD worsened, which reduced the peripapillary SQI (<em>P</em> = 0.003 and <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001, respectively). Lower SQI (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), eye movement (<em>P</em> = 0.042), and quilt (<em>P</em> = 0.047) were linked to greater CoV of peripapillary VD.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Defocus is the most common OCTA artifact in glaucoma patients, increasing variability in OCTA metrics. Its prevalence rises with glaucoma severity and remains high even in scans with acceptable image quality, emphasizing the need for careful artifact assessment.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>The authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100964"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145618260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospective, Randomized Comparison of Axial Elongation Following LASIK versus Soft Contact Lens Wear in the Contralateral Eye","authors":"Osamu Hieda MD, PhD. ,&nbsp;Kiyoshi Yamamura MD. ,&nbsp;Koichi Wakimasu MD. ,&nbsp;Yo Nakamura MD, PhD. ,&nbsp;Shiro Tanaka PhD. ,&nbsp;Shigeru Kinoshita MD, PhD.","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100956","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100956","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To evaluate whether LASIK induces axial elongation comparable to or less than that observed with continued soft contact lens (SCL) wear in myopic eyes.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A prospective, randomized-controlled within-person clinical trial.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Forty-two eyes from 21 patients (11 males, 10 females; mean age: 26 ± 4 years) with myopia or compound myopic astigmatism.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this contralateral-eye, randomized clinical trial, each participant underwent wavefront-guided (WFG) LASIK in 1 randomly assigned eye, while the fellow eye continued SCL wear. Axial length (AL), spherical equivalent (SE), higher-order aberrations (HOAs), visual acuity, and contrast sensitivity were assessed preoperatively and every 6 months for 2.5 years. The primary outcome was axial elongation from 6 months to 2.5 years postoperatively. Data were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Axial elongation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean preoperative SE in LASIK-treated eyes was –6.23 ± 1.95 diopters. In the early postoperative phase, a significant reduction in AL exceeding corneal thinning was observed, suggesting true axial shortening. From 6 months to 2.5 years, axial elongation did not significantly differ between the LASIK and SCL eyes. Although HOAs at a 6-mm pupil diameter increased more in LASIK-treated eyes, most participants reported subjectively superior visual quality in those eyes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>LASIK was associated with early axial shortening and did not accelerate long-term axial elongation compared with SCL wear. These results suggest a potential modulatory effect of WFG-LASIK on AL progression and support the need for further longitudinal studies.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>The authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100956"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145466479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Involving Patients in Developing a Patient-Reported Outcome Measure for Retinal Detachment","authors":"Sonia Manning-Charalampidou FRCSI(Ophth) ,&nbsp;Jarinne Woudstra-de Jong MSc ,&nbsp;Koorosh Faridpooya MD ,&nbsp;Michele Manzulli MD ,&nbsp;Saskia van Romunde PhD ,&nbsp;Pieter Geeraert MD ,&nbsp;Roxane Hillier FRCOphth ,&nbsp;Jan van Busschbach PhD ,&nbsp;Johannes Vingerling PhD ,&nbsp;Konrad Pesudovs PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100959","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100959","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To develop a retinal detachment-specific patient-reported outcome measure (PROM), by involving patients in item (question) development.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Questionnaire development study carried out in 2 single centers.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Patients were recruited from the Ophthalmic Emergency Department and the Vitreoretinal Outpatient Clinics of the Rotterdam Eye Hospital (Netherlands), using maximum variance sampling. Inclusion criteria were aged ≥18 years and a diagnosis of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Patients who had undergone retinal detachment repair by pneumatic retinopexy (a procedure not performed in the Rotterdam Eye Hospital) were recruited from the Vitreoretinal Outpatient Clinics of Newcastle Eye Centre (United Kingdom).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Telephone interviews using an interview topic list, allowing minimum involvement of the interviewer and maximum involvement of the interviewee. Interview transcripts were coded into items (questions); items were grouped into quality-of-life (QoL) domains (themes) using an established ophthalmic QoL framework. Items similar to each other, too specific, or too unclear were removed. The minimal set of representative items was compared with the literature.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>A minimally and fully representative set of unique retinal detachment-specific items.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Seventy-three patients were interviewed, before or after surgery. We identified 1658 unique items, which we classified into 11 QoL domains. After 3 rounds of item refinement and cognitive interviews, the final, minimally representative item set included 355 items classified in 11 QoL domains: health concerns (45 items), emotional well-being including effects of trauma (45), activity limitation (45), coping (39), visual symptoms (33), inconveniences (33), social well-being (28), ocular symptoms (23), general symptoms (23), economic impact (22), and mobility (19). Of note, 288 items (81%) were new. There was 35% overlap with items developed for patients with macular hole, epiretinal membrane, and retinal vascular occlusions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We have completed the first stage of developing a retinal detachment-specific PROM with patient involvement. Retinal detachment impacts heavily on patients’ QoL. Most of the QoL impact is unique to retinal detachment and described here for the first time.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>The authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100959"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145519900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Baseline Relationships between Visual Function and Inflammatory Markers in the Registry of Moderated-Stage Retinitis Pigmentosa","authors":"Takahiro Hisai MD ,&nbsp;Sakurako Shimokawa MD ,&nbsp;Masatoshi Fukushima MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Kohta Fujiwara MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Yoshito Koyanagi MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Akie Hirata MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Atsushi Takada PharmD ,&nbsp;Fuyuka Miyahara ,&nbsp;Naoki Nakashima MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Yuko Kobayakawa MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Go Mawatari CO, PhD ,&nbsp;Masataka Ishizu MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Naoki Toyama MD ,&nbsp;Tomoko Kaida MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Kazunori Miyata MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Yasuhiro Ikeda MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Koh-Hei Sonoda MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Yusuke Murakami MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100930","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100930","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To analyze the association between visual function and inflammatory markers in the baseline data of a prospective natural history registry of patients with typical retinitis pigmentosa (RP) (Retinitis Pigmentosa Progression and Inflammatory Marker Registry Study [RP-PRIMARY Study]).</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A cross-sectional observational study using baseline data from the RP-PRIMARY study.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>A total of 67 patients with moderate-stage typical RP who were treated between October 2021 and October 2022 in 1 of 3 participating hospitals consented to participate and met the inclusion criteria.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Visual functions were ETDRS best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), Humphrey Field Analyzer 10-2 program (mean deviation value, and the mean sensitivity within the central 1° area [central 4 points, RS Cent 1’] and the 4° area [central 12 points, RS Cent 4’]), ellipsoid zone (EZ) length, central foveal thickness (CFT), hyper-autofluorescence (AF) ring area, and inflammatory markers were aqueous flare and blood test measurements.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Association between visual function and inflammatory markers.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The median age of participants was 51 (interquartile range: 43–60) years. Spearman rank correlation coefficient demonstrated that aqueous flare values were negatively correlated with ETDRS BCVA (ρ = –0.35; <em>P</em> = 0.004), RS Cent 1’ (ρ = –0.32; <em>P</em> = 0.008), EZ length (ρ = –0.28; <em>P</em> = 0.023), and hyper-AF ring area (ρ = –0.31; <em>P</em> = 0.016). There was no significant correlation between systemic inflammatory markers and visual function. Eyes with intraocular lens (IOL) had significantly lower values of ETDRS BCVA (<em>P</em> = 0.004), RS Cent 1’ (<em>P</em> = 0.005), RS Cent 4’ (<em>P</em> = 0.010), CFT (<em>P</em> = 0.001), and EZ length (<em>P</em> = 0.011), in addition to higher values of aqueous flare (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that eyes with IOL (β = 0.262; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) were significantly associated with aqueous flare.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In the baseline data of the RP-PRIMARY study, aqueous flare, an ocular inflammatory marker, was negatively associated with visual function, and IOL implantation was most strongly associated with an increase in aqueous flare in patients with moderate-stage RP. The association between inflammatory markers and disease progression will be evaluated in the ongoing RP-PRIMARY study.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100930"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145321056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retinitis Pigmentosa GTPase regulator–Associated Retinal Degeneration: Integrating Patient-Reported Outcomes, Genetic, and Structural Biomarkers","authors":"Nuno Gouveia MD, MSc ,&nbsp;Jessica Karuntu MD ,&nbsp;Hind Almushattat MD ,&nbsp;Rufino Silva MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Camiel Boon MD, PhD ,&nbsp;João Pedro Marques MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100915","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100915","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To characterize the genetic, structural, and patient-reported visual function features in a multicenter cohort of patients with retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator (<em>RPGR</em>)–associated retinal degeneration.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A cross-sectional, exploratory, international, multicenter study conducted across 3 academic centers.</div></div><div><h3>Subjects</h3><div>The study included 102 eyes from 51 patients (37.3% female) with genetically confirmed <em>RPGR</em>-associated retinal degeneration. Only male and female patients with a retinitis pigmentosa (RP) phenotype were included, as well as female carriers from RP pedigrees with retinal degeneration.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Genetic variants were identified and visual acuity (VA) was recorded. Retinal phenotype was classified using fundus autofluorescence. Structural retinal features were assessed using spectral-domain OCT to measure ellipsoid zone (EZ) area and width, central subfield thickness (CST), central point thickness (CPT), subfoveal outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness, photoreceptor outer segment length (PROS), foveal outer segment pigment epithelial thickness (FOSPET), and FOSPET-PROS ratio. Patient-reported visual function was measured via the Michigan Retinal Degeneration Questionnaire (MRDQ).</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Associations between genetic variant location, retinal structural parameters, and VA, as well as correlations between structural measures and MRDQ domain scores.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Structural endpoints, including EZ area, CPT, PROS, and FOSPET, correlated significantly with all MRDQ domains, and higher disability scores on MRDQ were associated with more advanced retinal degeneration. There were no significant differences in VA or structural features between <em>RPGR</em> variants located in the open reading frame 15 region compared to exons 1 to 13. Eyes from male patients and female patients with an RP phenotype showed significantly decreased VA and structural features compared with eyes of female carriers with focal or radial pattern. A mixed model analysis found that VA was associated with several OCT features including CST, CPT, ONL thickness, EZ area, PROS, and FOSPET.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study underscores the value of combining genetic, structural, and patient-reported outcome measures in understanding <em>RPGR</em>-associated retinal degeneration. Structural biomarkers provide valuable insights into disease severity and visual impairment, aligning closely with patient-reported visual function. This approach supports further development of patient-centered outcome measures for clinical trials and therapeutic interventions.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100915"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal Changes in Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in Patients with Retinitis Pigmentosa","authors":"Jae-Yun Sung MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Jung-Tae Kim MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Yun-Sang Roh MD ,&nbsp;Min-Woo Lee MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100966","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100966","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To perform a longitudinal analysis of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) patients.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A retrospective, longitudinal study.</div></div><div><h3>Subjects</h3><div>We enrolled patients diagnosed with RP and normal controls.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>After the baseline visit, 3 additional measurements of pRNFL thickness at 1-year intervals were analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In total, 142 eyes were included in the study: 72 in the RP group and 70 in the control group. Global pRNFL thicknesses were 89.3 ± 38.9, 86.5 ± 35.2, 84.6 ± 31.8, and 81.6 ± 31.3 μm at baseline, 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years in the RP group (<em>P</em> = 0.022), and 100.9 ± 6.3, 100.8 ± 7.0, 100.0 ± 6.3, and 100.3 ± 6.9 μm in the control group ( = 0.079), respectively. The reduction rate of pRNFL thickness was –2.45 μm/y in the RP group and –0.25 μm/y in the control group. In multivariate analysis, age (estimate = –0.55, <em>P</em> = 0.021) and RP stage (estimate = –15.42, <em>P</em> = 0.005) were significant factors associated with changes in pRNFL thickness in RP patients.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Retinitis pigmentosa patients exhibited a thinner pRNFL and a faster rate of thinning over time compared with healthy controls. In RP patients, pRNFL thinning was significantly associated with age and disease stage, possibly reflecting accelerated damage with disease progression.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>The authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100966"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145579184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-related Eye Disease Studies Supplements and Genetic Risk Score Are Crucial Determinants of Intestinal Microbial Alterations in Advanced Age-Related Macular Degeneration","authors":"Neda Dadgar PhD ,&nbsp;Kevin Fung MD ,&nbsp;Scott McClintic MD ,&nbsp;Christina Metea ,&nbsp;Victor Llorenç MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Mohamed Saleh MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Yukiko K. Nakamura PhD ,&nbsp;Cody Jahrig MD ,&nbsp;Lee Kiang MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Cathleen Janowitz MS ,&nbsp;Sean Davin ,&nbsp;Ariel Balter PhD ,&nbsp;Kim-Anh Le Cao PhD ,&nbsp;Lisa Karstens PhD ,&nbsp;Tammy M. Martin PhD ,&nbsp;Michael L. Klein MD ,&nbsp;Phoebe Lin MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100920","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100920","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Determine whether an intestinal microbial signature is associated with advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD); investigate the relationship between the microbiota and AMD genetic risk, intestinal immunoglobulin-A (IgA), and Age-Related Eye Disease Studies (AREDS) supplementation.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Case-control study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Fecal 16S rRNA sequencing, DESeq2 differential abundance, and IgA-sequencing.</div></div><div><h3>Subjects</h3><div>Advanced AMD and age-similar non-AMD control subjects.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Differential abundance plots using DESeq2, α and β diversity, and impact of AREDS supplementation and genetic risk on AMD microbiota.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In 85 advanced AMD compared with 49 healthy control subjects’ intestinal microbiota, exploratory partial least-squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) showed that gut microbiome composition was able to predict AMD with moderate confidence (cross validation error rates, 0.28–0.36) with the potential for overfitting. A higher AMD genetic risk score was associated with lower gut microbial diversity (<em>P</em> = 0.0086; Spearman <em>r</em> = –0.3), a finding confirmed by multiple linear regression with confounding covariates, whereas AREDS supplementation was associated with increased gut bacterial diversity (coefficient, 2.64; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Differential abundance plots showed increased <em>Proteobacteria</em> and many differentially abundant genera (including <em>Prevotella</em>, <em>Desulfovibrio</em>, <em>Oscillospira</em>, and <em>Ruminococcaceae</em>) in AMD versus controls. Flow cytometry and IgA-sequencing suggested increased IgA-coating of gut bacteria in the age-related maculopathy susceptibility 2 (ARMS2) gene risk genotype, including higher IgA indices for <em>Prevotella</em>. These findings are hypothesis-generating and require functional validation. Predicted metabolic pathways (via piphillin) that differed between AMD and controls included lipid metabolism and xenobiotic processing by cytochrome P450; these findings are inferred and require confirmation by metabolomic studies.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The intestinal microbiome is able to predict advanced AMD via PLS-DA. AREDS supplementation and genetic risk are crucial determinants of the AMD microbiome, which interacts with gut immunity by increasing IgA binding to certain bacteria. Understanding how the gut microbiome and its metabolites interact with gut immunity and host genetics will allow us to further investigate the microbiome to find potentially novel therapeutic targets in AMD.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100920"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145268145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}