Antoine Leymonerie, J. Boisvert, Leonie Juszczak, S. Loranger
We show that the use of Random Optical Grating using UV Exposure (ROGUE) can significantly reduce the noise floor of an optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) measurement of Faraday rotation in the polarization. We compare it with unexposed spun fiber which shows a S/P minimum ratio (signal noise floor) 20 dB higher than when using our ROGUE. High sensitivity magnetic field measurements are achieved by spatially filtering (setting a gage length) the derivative of the S/P ratio's evolution. Example of a calibrated electromagnet spatially resolved B-field measurement is demonstrated, which can measure fields down to 10 mT with 10 cm spatial resolution. The potential for current sensing using such ROGUE apparatus is discussed and simulation shows a noise floor of around 1 A with 40 probing loops spatial resolution.
{"title":"Enhanced sensitivity distributed sensing of magnetic fields in optical fiber using random Bragg grating","authors":"Antoine Leymonerie, J. Boisvert, Leonie Juszczak, S. Loranger","doi":"10.1364/optcon.509943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/optcon.509943","url":null,"abstract":"We show that the use of Random Optical Grating using UV Exposure (ROGUE) can significantly reduce the noise floor of an optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) measurement of Faraday rotation in the polarization. We compare it with unexposed spun fiber which shows a S/P minimum ratio (signal noise floor) 20 dB higher than when using our ROGUE. High sensitivity magnetic field measurements are achieved by spatially filtering (setting a gage length) the derivative of the S/P ratio's evolution. Example of a calibrated electromagnet spatially resolved B-field measurement is demonstrated, which can measure fields down to 10 mT with 10 cm spatial resolution. The potential for current sensing using such ROGUE apparatus is discussed and simulation shows a noise floor of around 1 A with 40 probing loops spatial resolution.","PeriodicalId":74366,"journal":{"name":"Optics continuum","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139314141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Capturing videos at 60 frames per second using incoherent digital holography","authors":"Tetsuhiko Muroi, Teruyoshi Nobukawa, Yutaro Katano, Kei Hagiwara","doi":"10.1364/optcon.504455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/optcon.504455","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74366,"journal":{"name":"Optics continuum","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135616538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents an extensive parameter study of a non-intrusive and non-seeded laser diagnostic method for measuring one dimensional (1D) rotational temperature of molecular nitrogen (N 2 ) at 165 - 450 K. Compared to previous efforts using molecular oxygen, here resonantly ionized and photoelectron induced fluorescence of molecular nitrogen for thermometry (N 2 RIPT) was demonstrated. The RIPT signal is generated by directly probing various rotational levels within the rovibrational absorption band of N 2 , corresponding to the 3-photon transition of N 2 ( X 1 Σ g + , v =0→ b 1 Π u , v ′ =6) near 285 nm, without involving collisional effects of molecular oxygen and nitrogen. The photoionized N 2 produces strong first negative band of N 2 + ( B 2 Σ u + − X 2 Σ g + ) near 390 nm, 420 nm, and 425 nm. Boltzmann analyses of various discrete fluorescence emission lines yield rotational temperatures of molecular nitrogen. By empirically choosing multiple rotational levels within the absorption band, non-scanning thermometry can be accurately achieved for molecular nitrogen. It is demonstrated that the N 2 RIPT technique can measure 1D temperature profile up to ∼5 cm in length within a pure N 2 environment. Multiple wavelengths are thoroughly analyzed and listed that are accurate for RIPT for various temperature ranges.
本文介绍了一种测量分子氮(n2)在165 - 450 K下一维旋转温度的非侵入式、非种子激光诊断方法的广泛参数研究。与以往使用分子氧的研究相比，本文证明了共振电离和光电子诱导荧光的分子氮测温(n2 RIPT)。RIPT信号是通过直接探测n2的旋转振动吸收带内的各个旋转能级产生的，对应于n2在285 nm附近的3光子跃迁(x1 Σ g +， v =0→b1 Π u, v ' =6)，而不涉及分子氧和氮的碰撞效应。光电离的n2在390 nm, 420 nm和425 nm附近产生了n2 + (b2 Σ u +−x2 Σ g +)的强第一负带。玻尔兹曼分析各种离散的荧光发射线得到分子氮的旋转温度。通过经验选择吸收带内的多个旋转能级，可以准确地实现对分子氮的非扫描测温。结果表明，在纯n2环境中，n2 RIPT技术可以测量长度为~ 5 cm的1D温度分布。对多个波长进行了彻底的分析和列出，这些波长对RIPT在各种温度范围内都是准确的。
{"title":"One Dimensional Temperature Measurements by Resonantly Ionized Photoemission Thermometry of Molecular Nitrogen","authors":"Walker McCord, Aleksander Clark, Zhili Zhang","doi":"10.1364/optcon.503546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/optcon.503546","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an extensive parameter study of a non-intrusive and non-seeded laser diagnostic method for measuring one dimensional (1D) rotational temperature of molecular nitrogen (N 2 ) at 165 - 450 K. Compared to previous efforts using molecular oxygen, here resonantly ionized and photoelectron induced fluorescence of molecular nitrogen for thermometry (N 2 RIPT) was demonstrated. The RIPT signal is generated by directly probing various rotational levels within the rovibrational absorption band of N 2 , corresponding to the 3-photon transition of N 2 ( X 1 Σ g + , v =0→ b 1 Π u , v ′ =6) near 285 nm, without involving collisional effects of molecular oxygen and nitrogen. The photoionized N 2 produces strong first negative band of N 2 + ( B 2 Σ u + − X 2 Σ g + ) near 390 nm, 420 nm, and 425 nm. Boltzmann analyses of various discrete fluorescence emission lines yield rotational temperatures of molecular nitrogen. By empirically choosing multiple rotational levels within the absorption band, non-scanning thermometry can be accurately achieved for molecular nitrogen. It is demonstrated that the N 2 RIPT technique can measure 1D temperature profile up to ∼5 cm in length within a pure N 2 environment. Multiple wavelengths are thoroughly analyzed and listed that are accurate for RIPT for various temperature ranges.","PeriodicalId":74366,"journal":{"name":"Optics continuum","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135666575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The spatio-temporal evolution of a laser field taking part in a nonlinear optical interaction can be challenging to simulate, yet forms the basis for many experiments in ultrafast optics. To allow better insight into these phenomena, a program for nonlinear optics simulations is described, which can run on multiple hardware platforms, and is performant and open source. It was designed to deal with a number of complex problems in light-matter interaction accurately and reproducibly. The open source code allows for extensive cross-checking of its results by other researchers and growth of its capabilities over time, as well as serving to make the simulations associated with ultrafast experiments more broadly reproducible.
{"title":"An Open Source, Heterogeneous, NonlinearOptics Simulation","authors":"Nicholas Karpowicz","doi":"10.1364/optcon.502567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/optcon.502567","url":null,"abstract":"The spatio-temporal evolution of a laser field taking part in a nonlinear optical interaction can be challenging to simulate, yet forms the basis for many experiments in ultrafast optics. To allow better insight into these phenomena, a program for nonlinear optics simulations is described, which can run on multiple hardware platforms, and is performant and open source. It was designed to deal with a number of complex problems in light-matter interaction accurately and reproducibly. The open source code allows for extensive cross-checking of its results by other researchers and growth of its capabilities over time, as well as serving to make the simulations associated with ultrafast experiments more broadly reproducible.","PeriodicalId":74366,"journal":{"name":"Optics continuum","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135667247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Improving the photon-spin conversion efficiency without polarization dependence is a major challenge in realizing quantum interfaces gate-defined quantum dots (QDs) for polarization-encoded photonic quantum network systems. Previously, we reported the design of an air-bridge bull's-eye cavity that enhances the photon absorption efficiency of an embedded gate-defined QD regardless of the photon polarization. Here, we numerically demonstrate that a further 1.6 times improvement in efficiency is possible by simply adjusting the distance of the substrate from the semiconductor slab where the bull's-eye structure is formed. Our analysis clarifies that the upward-preferred coupling and narrow far-field emission pattern realized by substrate-induced asymmetry enable the improvement.
{"title":"Numerical Analysis of Photon Absorption of Gate-defined Quantum Dots Embedded in Asymmetric Bull’s-eye Optical Cavities","authors":"Sangmin Ji, Satoshi Iwamoto","doi":"10.1364/optcon.492718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/optcon.492718","url":null,"abstract":"Improving the photon-spin conversion efficiency without polarization dependence is a major challenge in realizing quantum interfaces gate-defined quantum dots (QDs) for polarization-encoded photonic quantum network systems. Previously, we reported the design of an air-bridge bull's-eye cavity that enhances the photon absorption efficiency of an embedded gate-defined QD regardless of the photon polarization. Here, we numerically demonstrate that a further 1.6 times improvement in efficiency is possible by simply adjusting the distance of the substrate from the semiconductor slab where the bull's-eye structure is formed. Our analysis clarifies that the upward-preferred coupling and narrow far-field emission pattern realized by substrate-induced asymmetry enable the improvement.","PeriodicalId":74366,"journal":{"name":"Optics continuum","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135993240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
José Méndez, Maximino Arroyo Carrasco, Roman Torres, Marcela Méndez-Otero, Beatriz Martínez Irivas, Marcelo Iturbe-Castillo
Considering that a thin media presents solely one type of nonlinearity, we obtain an analytical solution for far field on-axis Z-scan detection; a second solution is obtained for open aperture case. To find the analytical solutions, we propose a form for the nonlinear high order refractive and multiphoton absorption of the media. Z-scan curves are presented where the nonlinear high order refractive and multiphoton absorption are varied.
{"title":"Z-scan analytical solutions for thin media with high order refractive nonlinearity and multiphoton absorption","authors":"José Méndez, Maximino Arroyo Carrasco, Roman Torres, Marcela Méndez-Otero, Beatriz Martínez Irivas, Marcelo Iturbe-Castillo","doi":"10.1364/optcon.500124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/optcon.500124","url":null,"abstract":"Considering that a thin media presents solely one type of nonlinearity, we obtain an analytical solution for far field on-axis Z-scan detection; a second solution is obtained for open aperture case. To find the analytical solutions, we propose a form for the nonlinear high order refractive and multiphoton absorption of the media. Z-scan curves are presented where the nonlinear high order refractive and multiphoton absorption are varied.","PeriodicalId":74366,"journal":{"name":"Optics continuum","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136184382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polarization-division-multiplexing (PDM) is widely used in fiber transmission systems, wherein fiber nonlinearity is a crucial issue to be considered. Conventionally, the Manakov equation has been used to analyze the nonlinear propagation properties of PDM signal lights, which describes the nonlinear interaction between orthogonally polarized lights. However, because the polarization states of PDM signals are not necessarily orthogonal in transmission systems with polarization-dependent loss (PDL), it is not certain if the Manakov equation is applicable to such systems. Therefore, this study presents a wave equation that describes the nonlinear interaction between non-orthogonally polarized PDM signal lights. We derive a formula that considers the nonorthogonality resulting from PDL. Calculation based on the formula is carried out, the result of which shows that the nonlinear wave equation assuming orthogonal PDM signals results in negligible errors in effect when treating nonorthogonal PDM signals.
{"title":"Nonlinear interaction between non-orthogonally polarization-multiplexed signals in fiber transmission with polarization-dependent loss","authors":"Kyo Inoue, Koji Igarashi","doi":"10.1364/optcon.499394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/optcon.499394","url":null,"abstract":"Polarization-division-multiplexing (PDM) is widely used in fiber transmission systems, wherein fiber nonlinearity is a crucial issue to be considered. Conventionally, the Manakov equation has been used to analyze the nonlinear propagation properties of PDM signal lights, which describes the nonlinear interaction between orthogonally polarized lights. However, because the polarization states of PDM signals are not necessarily orthogonal in transmission systems with polarization-dependent loss (PDL), it is not certain if the Manakov equation is applicable to such systems. Therefore, this study presents a wave equation that describes the nonlinear interaction between non-orthogonally polarized PDM signal lights. We derive a formula that considers the nonorthogonality resulting from PDL. Calculation based on the formula is carried out, the result of which shows that the nonlinear wave equation assuming orthogonal PDM signals results in negligible errors in effect when treating nonorthogonal PDM signals.","PeriodicalId":74366,"journal":{"name":"Optics continuum","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136184381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Highly Sensitive Dual Core Photonic CrystalFibre based LSPR Sensor with SimultaneousMulti-Analyte Detection of a Wide RefractiveIndex Range","authors":"Saadman Yasar, Mohammad Faisal","doi":"10.1364/optcon.504003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/optcon.504003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74366,"journal":{"name":"Optics continuum","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135858518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kerry Nierenberg, Shelbi Jenkins, Erfan Fard, Kyung-Jo Kim, Sasaan Showghi, Robert Norwood
The field of integrated photonics relies heavily on foundries to produce not only novel technologies, but also reliable ones. Examining the output of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) foundries such as that affiliated with the AIM Photonics partnership provides valuable insight into the manufacturability of integrated photonic telecommunications devices when produced in large numbers. We present an analysis of the passive performance of numerous silicon microdisk resonators. At ambient temperature, the resonators exhibit on average insertion loss of ∼6 dB, a free spectral range of ∼25 nm, and quality factors of Q > 8.3 × 10 3 . We also report a study of temperature dependence on the resonant wavelength of the devices. Our characterization of these resonators demonstrates reproducibility of qualities related to accuracy in fabrication, as well as in experimental measurement.
{"title":"Manufacturability and performance of microdisk resonators from the AIM Photonics foundry","authors":"Kerry Nierenberg, Shelbi Jenkins, Erfan Fard, Kyung-Jo Kim, Sasaan Showghi, Robert Norwood","doi":"10.1364/optcon.501841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/optcon.501841","url":null,"abstract":"The field of integrated photonics relies heavily on foundries to produce not only novel technologies, but also reliable ones. Examining the output of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) foundries such as that affiliated with the AIM Photonics partnership provides valuable insight into the manufacturability of integrated photonic telecommunications devices when produced in large numbers. We present an analysis of the passive performance of numerous silicon microdisk resonators. At ambient temperature, the resonators exhibit on average insertion loss of ∼6 dB, a free spectral range of ∼25 nm, and quality factors of Q > 8.3 × 10 3 . We also report a study of temperature dependence on the resonant wavelength of the devices. Our characterization of these resonators demonstrates reproducibility of qualities related to accuracy in fabrication, as well as in experimental measurement.","PeriodicalId":74366,"journal":{"name":"Optics continuum","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136057633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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