The advancement of virtual reality in recent times has seen unprecedented applications in the scientific sphere. This work focuses on the colorimetric characterization of head mounted displays for psychophysical experiments for the study of color perception. Using a head mounted display to present stimuli to observers requires a full characterization of the display to ensure that the correct color is presented. In this paper, a simulation is done to mimic a practical display with color channel interactions and characterization of simulated data is done using the following models: gain offset gamma model, gain offset gamma offset model, gain gamma offset model, piecewise linear assuming chromaticity constancy model, piecewise linear model assuming variation in chromaticity, look-up table model, polynomial regression model, and an artificial neural network model. an analysis showed that the polynomial regression, artificial neural network, and look-up table models were substantially better than other models in predicting a set of rgb values, which can be passed as input to a head mounted display to output desired target xyz values. both the look-up table and polynomial regression models could achieve a just noticeable difference between the actual input and predicted output color of less than 1. the gain offset gamma, gain offset gamma offset, and gain gamma offset models were not effective in colorimetric characterization, performing badly for simulations as they do not incorporate color channel interactions. the gain offset gamma model was the best among these three models and the lowest just noticeable difference it could achieve was over 13, clearly too high for color science experiments.
{"title":"Systematic comparison of head mounted display colorimetric performance using various color characterization models","authors":"Ujjayanta Bhaumik, F. Leloup, Kevin A. G. Smet","doi":"10.1364/optcon.493238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/optcon.493238","url":null,"abstract":"The advancement of virtual reality in recent times has seen unprecedented applications in the scientific sphere. This work focuses on the colorimetric characterization of head mounted displays for psychophysical experiments for the study of color perception. Using a head mounted display to present stimuli to observers requires a full characterization of the display to ensure that the correct color is presented. In this paper, a simulation is done to mimic a practical display with color channel interactions and characterization of simulated data is done using the following models: gain offset gamma model, gain offset gamma offset model, gain gamma offset model, piecewise linear assuming chromaticity constancy model, piecewise linear model assuming variation in chromaticity, look-up table model, polynomial regression model, and an artificial neural network model. an analysis showed that the polynomial regression, artificial neural network, and look-up table models were substantially better than other models in predicting a set of rgb values, which can be passed as input to a head mounted display to output desired target xyz values. both the look-up table and polynomial regression models could achieve a just noticeable difference between the actual input and predicted output color of less than 1. the gain offset gamma, gain offset gamma offset, and gain gamma offset models were not effective in colorimetric characterization, performing badly for simulations as they do not incorporate color channel interactions. the gain offset gamma model was the best among these three models and the lowest just noticeable difference it could achieve was over 13, clearly too high for color science experiments.","PeriodicalId":74366,"journal":{"name":"Optics continuum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45149407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jing Lyu, Lin Ren, Qi Liu, Wang Yan, Zhenqiao Zhou, Yueyan Chen, Hongbo Jia, Yuguo Tang, Min Li
{"title":"PDTANet: A Context-guided and Attention-aware Deep Learning Method for Tumor Segmentation of Guinea Pig Colorectal OCT Images","authors":"Jing Lyu, Lin Ren, Qi Liu, Wang Yan, Zhenqiao Zhou, Yueyan Chen, Hongbo Jia, Yuguo Tang, Min Li","doi":"10.1364/optcon.493630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/optcon.493630","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74366,"journal":{"name":"Optics continuum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48109389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Degree of Polarization of Luminescence from InPunder SiN stripes: Fits to FEM Simulations","authors":"D. Cassidy, J. Landesman","doi":"10.1364/optcon.481902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/optcon.481902","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74366,"journal":{"name":"Optics continuum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45336459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 6G wireless communications, functional terahertz reflecting metasurfaces are expected to play increasingly important roles such as beamforming and beamsteering. However, their performance optimization as a function of multiple competing design parameters remains a significant challenge. This paper demonstrates a multi-dimensionally optimized design of a functional and efficient focusing metasurface reflector in the burgeoning D-band (0.11-0.17 THz). In addition to achieving 20% fractional bandwidth (0.135-0.165 THz), this design is polarization-maintaining, diffraction limited, simple in design, and exhibits 64.1% broadband power efficiency (1.9 dB insertion loss). We perform a unique study of the magnitude of temporal (group-delay) dispersion introduced by this design to the broadband signal at the focus. Despite being formed by an array of highly dispersive resonators, the metasurface exhibits very low dispersion, which avoids pulse reshaping and its consequent limitations on achievable data rate. The low dispersion characteristic of the metasurface is a consequence of its optimized design. The design and performance of the focusing reflector are presented followed by a dispersion analysis revealing that only 2.83% temporal broadening of the pulse is observed at the focus.
{"title":"Dispersion study of a broadband terahertz focusing reflecting metasurface for 6G wireless communication","authors":"Fahim Ferdous Hossain, John F. OHara","doi":"10.1364/optcon.493627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/optcon.493627","url":null,"abstract":"In 6G wireless communications, functional terahertz reflecting metasurfaces are expected to play increasingly important roles such as beamforming and beamsteering. However, their performance optimization as a function of multiple competing design parameters remains a significant challenge. This paper demonstrates a multi-dimensionally optimized design of a functional and efficient focusing metasurface reflector in the burgeoning D-band (0.11-0.17 THz). In addition to achieving 20% fractional bandwidth (0.135-0.165 THz), this design is polarization-maintaining, diffraction limited, simple in design, and exhibits 64.1% broadband power efficiency (1.9 dB insertion loss). We perform a unique study of the magnitude of temporal (group-delay) dispersion introduced by this design to the broadband signal at the focus. Despite being formed by an array of highly dispersive resonators, the metasurface exhibits very low dispersion, which avoids pulse reshaping and its consequent limitations on achievable data rate. The low dispersion characteristic of the metasurface is a consequence of its optimized design. The design and performance of the focusing reflector are presented followed by a dispersion analysis revealing that only 2.83% temporal broadening of the pulse is observed at the focus.","PeriodicalId":74366,"journal":{"name":"Optics continuum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41838134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper reexamines a 60 year old mystery of spiking behavior in ruby lasers with a cw 532 nm pump, paying special attention to mode matching between the pump and lasing beam within a ruby crystal placed in a semi-confocal laser cavity. Periodic spiking oscillations were observed in a limited pump power regime, where spikes obeying the generic asymmetric hyperbolic function appeared at a repetition rate around 50 kHz and with a 130-150 ns width and 0.1-0.6 microjoule energy depending on the pump power. The physics of the spiking behavior based on Kleinman's mechanical approach and a plausible interpretation for the periodic spiking oscillation in terms of self-induced mode matching between the pump and laser beams through the self-induced Kerr-lens effect are addressed. The statistical nature inherent to spiking and the associated self-organized critical behavior in quasi-periodic spiking oscillations as well as chaotic states occurring outside the periodic spiking regime are also explored from a nonlinear dynamics point of view.
{"title":"Spiking ruby revisited: self-induced periodic spiking oscillations leading to chaotic state in a Cr:Al₂O₃ laser with cw 532-nm pumping","authors":"K. Otsuka, S. Sudo","doi":"10.1364/optcon.497640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/optcon.497640","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reexamines a 60 year old mystery of spiking behavior in ruby lasers with a cw 532 nm pump, paying special attention to mode matching between the pump and lasing beam within a ruby crystal placed in a semi-confocal laser cavity. Periodic spiking oscillations were observed in a limited pump power regime, where spikes obeying the generic asymmetric hyperbolic function appeared at a repetition rate around 50 kHz and with a 130-150 ns width and 0.1-0.6 microjoule energy depending on the pump power. The physics of the spiking behavior based on Kleinman's mechanical approach and a plausible interpretation for the periodic spiking oscillation in terms of self-induced mode matching between the pump and laser beams through the self-induced Kerr-lens effect are addressed. The statistical nature inherent to spiking and the associated self-organized critical behavior in quasi-periodic spiking oscillations as well as chaotic states occurring outside the periodic spiking regime are also explored from a nonlinear dynamics point of view.","PeriodicalId":74366,"journal":{"name":"Optics continuum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49299658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zui Shen, F. Ye, Hongrui Tan, Sisi Luo, H. Cui, Lei Chen
{"title":"Programmable coding metasurface controlled by Ultraviolet light-patterns","authors":"Zui Shen, F. Ye, Hongrui Tan, Sisi Luo, H. Cui, Lei Chen","doi":"10.1364/optcon.488888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/optcon.488888","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74366,"journal":{"name":"Optics continuum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44269079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ultra-violet to near-infrared reflectance of epitaxial aluminum films on GaAs and Si substrates","authors":"Yu-Hsun Wu, Sheng-Di Lin","doi":"10.1364/optcon.496299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/optcon.496299","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74366,"journal":{"name":"Optics continuum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42388924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reconfigurable Flexible PON Downlink by using Wavelength Selective Switch and Single Intensity Modulator","authors":"S. Shimizu, S. Shinada, H. Furukawa","doi":"10.1364/optcon.489074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/optcon.489074","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74366,"journal":{"name":"Optics continuum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45363076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
and I. Garcia-Moreno, T. Belenguer, L. G. González Fernández
{"title":"Freeform mirror validation by interferometrictechniques using a spatial light modulator","authors":"and I. Garcia-Moreno, T. Belenguer, L. G. González Fernández","doi":"10.1364/optcon.487330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/optcon.487330","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74366,"journal":{"name":"Optics continuum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47372150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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