Corresponding Author: Warouma Arifa Department of Rural Engineering, Water and Forests, Faculty of Agronomy and Environmental Sciences, Dan Dicko Dankoulodo University of Maradi, Niger Email: warouma@yahoo.com Abstract: The intensification of agriculture through the use of animal energy has been used since colonial times. This study aims to analyze the level of mechanization in Niger while relying on the role played by animals used for farming in the regions of Maradi and Zinder (Niger Republic). Data collection was carried out between June and August 2020, using a questionnaire addressed to agriculture and related regional technical services and famers. The questionnaire helped to collect information on the evolution of mechanization, the different coupling tools, the areas worked with animal traction, the proportions of farmers using animal energy and the species of animals used for farming. The analysis of data collected showed that the farm park equipment has been strengthened by the purchase of agricultural equipments, especially for harness cultivation and intermediate motorization. The cart, the hoe, the plow and the seeder are the most harnessed tools to the draft animal. The percentage of use of these tools by producers are 87.5%, 42.5%, 41.67% and 11.67% respectively. The area worked using animal energy is about 16 times higher than that worked with human energy. It appears that about 90% of farmers use animal energy in carrying out their cropping calendar. Cattle are the most used (98.15%) for animal energy users followed by donkeys (1.85%) and camels (0.93%). Young animals (2-3 years old) are the most used (56.04%) on farming and traction with a pair of oxen is the most developed and represents 55.02% of the coupling. The maintenance of the coupling tools and their repairs are generally carried out locally by the users and other service providers. This confirms that the draft animal largely contributes to the development of agricultural mechanization in Niger.
{"title":"Agricultural Mechanization in Niger: What Role do Animals Play?","authors":"Warouma Arifa, Chaibou Mahamadou, Saley Adamou Laouali","doi":"10.3844/ajassp.2022.34.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2022.34.42","url":null,"abstract":"Corresponding Author: Warouma Arifa Department of Rural Engineering, Water and Forests, Faculty of Agronomy and Environmental Sciences, Dan Dicko Dankoulodo University of Maradi, Niger Email: warouma@yahoo.com Abstract: The intensification of agriculture through the use of animal energy has been used since colonial times. This study aims to analyze the level of mechanization in Niger while relying on the role played by animals used for farming in the regions of Maradi and Zinder (Niger Republic). Data collection was carried out between June and August 2020, using a questionnaire addressed to agriculture and related regional technical services and famers. The questionnaire helped to collect information on the evolution of mechanization, the different coupling tools, the areas worked with animal traction, the proportions of farmers using animal energy and the species of animals used for farming. The analysis of data collected showed that the farm park equipment has been strengthened by the purchase of agricultural equipments, especially for harness cultivation and intermediate motorization. The cart, the hoe, the plow and the seeder are the most harnessed tools to the draft animal. The percentage of use of these tools by producers are 87.5%, 42.5%, 41.67% and 11.67% respectively. The area worked using animal energy is about 16 times higher than that worked with human energy. It appears that about 90% of farmers use animal energy in carrying out their cropping calendar. Cattle are the most used (98.15%) for animal energy users followed by donkeys (1.85%) and camels (0.93%). Young animals (2-3 years old) are the most used (56.04%) on farming and traction with a pair of oxen is the most developed and represents 55.02% of the coupling. The maintenance of the coupling tools and their repairs are generally carried out locally by the users and other service providers. This confirms that the draft animal largely contributes to the development of agricultural mechanization in Niger.","PeriodicalId":7436,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83299749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.3844/ajassp.2022.78.83
W. Ouedraogo, Moumouni Djibo, A. Doumounia, Serge Roland Sanou, Moumouni Sawadogo, Idrissa Guira, F. Zougmore
: In this study, we propose a new method for detecting wet periods by using telecommunications Commercial Microwave Links (CML). The purpose of the study is to automatically find rain time slots. The attenuation of the microwave signal, propagating between a transmitting antenna and a receiving one, due to the variations of the climatic conditions over the link, is a non-stationary signal. When a rain event occurs over a CML, the attenuation signal level increases proportionally to the rain amount. This level decreases again at the end of the rain. These abrupt variations are exploited here to detect rainy time slots. The proposed method consists in splitting the attenuation signal into frames and computing the variation of the energy between consecutive frames. To determine whether the current frame corresponds to a wet period, the proposed method, named Energy Variation (EVA), compares the variation of the energy with a given threshold, while taking into account the status of the previous frame. Simulation results from real attenuation data of the mobile phone operator Telecel Faso SA (Burkina Faso) show that the proposed method allows the detection of 84.61% of rainy events. The Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) is higher than 0.9, which demonstrates that EVA can discriminate between wet and dry periods with high accuracy.
{"title":"Rain Events Detection using Energy Variation of Commercial Microwave Links Attenuation","authors":"W. Ouedraogo, Moumouni Djibo, A. Doumounia, Serge Roland Sanou, Moumouni Sawadogo, Idrissa Guira, F. Zougmore","doi":"10.3844/ajassp.2022.78.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2022.78.83","url":null,"abstract":": In this study, we propose a new method for detecting wet periods by using telecommunications Commercial Microwave Links (CML). The purpose of the study is to automatically find rain time slots. The attenuation of the microwave signal, propagating between a transmitting antenna and a receiving one, due to the variations of the climatic conditions over the link, is a non-stationary signal. When a rain event occurs over a CML, the attenuation signal level increases proportionally to the rain amount. This level decreases again at the end of the rain. These abrupt variations are exploited here to detect rainy time slots. The proposed method consists in splitting the attenuation signal into frames and computing the variation of the energy between consecutive frames. To determine whether the current frame corresponds to a wet period, the proposed method, named Energy Variation (EVA), compares the variation of the energy with a given threshold, while taking into account the status of the previous frame. Simulation results from real attenuation data of the mobile phone operator Telecel Faso SA (Burkina Faso) show that the proposed method allows the detection of 84.61% of rainy events. The Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) is higher than 0.9, which demonstrates that EVA can discriminate between wet and dry periods with high accuracy.","PeriodicalId":7436,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91275906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: The end of the Cold War and the expansion of globalization to most of the planet has brought about significant changes in the field of International Relations. National economies are more interdependent than ever, the threat of global nuclear war has now decreased significantly and new technologies currently form the cornerstone of world growth, while at the same time changing the conduct of armed conflict. This study, with the use of a methodological research tool called “Contemporary Narrative” attempts to analyze the contemporary problems resulting from the possible use of new technologies as weapons of mass destruction and more specifically, the strategic use of modern biological weapons as part of “Bio-Hybrid Threats”. The initial historical overview of the use of biological weapons is followed by an analysis of modern global technological-biotechnological developments within the context of global bioterrorism.
{"title":"“Bio-Hybrid Threats and Strategic Biosecurity in the Age of Bio-Globalization: The Case Study of Biological Weapons and Bioterrorism”","authors":"Athanasios I. Bozinis","doi":"10.3844/ajassp.2022.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2022.1.5","url":null,"abstract":": The end of the Cold War and the expansion of globalization to most of the planet has brought about significant changes in the field of International Relations. National economies are more interdependent than ever, the threat of global nuclear war has now decreased significantly and new technologies currently form the cornerstone of world growth, while at the same time changing the conduct of armed conflict. This study, with the use of a methodological research tool called “Contemporary Narrative” attempts to analyze the contemporary problems resulting from the possible use of new technologies as weapons of mass destruction and more specifically, the strategic use of modern biological weapons as part of “Bio-Hybrid Threats”. The initial historical overview of the use of biological weapons is followed by an analysis of modern global technological-biotechnological developments within the context of global bioterrorism.","PeriodicalId":7436,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80768118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: In this study, a new design of roof support was investigated to improve the system of roof coverings with roofing tiles. Usually, wood frames or slabs are often used as support for roofing tiles, which presents many disadvantages such as the expensive cost of the slabs and sometimes inefficient Corresponding wood frames. The new design proposed in this study uses the technique of Kodjo Attipou wood frames, but by interposing between the frames and the roofing tiles, a barrier is made of bituminous plywood. The barrier is composed of plywood 1.22 m in width, 2.44 m in length and 4 mm in thickness. The plywood is covered with a cloth of cotton fibers, impregnated in petroleum bitumen fluidized by kerosene. A test of permeability was conducted and has shown good results after 3 weeks of imbibition in water. The new composite material obtained can then serve as intermediate support in the system of roof coverings with roofing tiles and wood frames.
{"title":"Development of Roofing Tiles Support Made from Bituminous Plywood","authors":"Ouro-Djobo Samah, Sinko Banakinao, Komlan Lolo, Kodjo Attipou","doi":"10.3844/ajassp.2022.99.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2022.99.104","url":null,"abstract":": In this study, a new design of roof support was investigated to improve the system of roof coverings with roofing tiles. Usually, wood frames or slabs are often used as support for roofing tiles, which presents many disadvantages such as the expensive cost of the slabs and sometimes inefficient Corresponding wood frames. The new design proposed in this study uses the technique of Kodjo Attipou wood frames, but by interposing between the frames and the roofing tiles, a barrier is made of bituminous plywood. The barrier is composed of plywood 1.22 m in width, 2.44 m in length and 4 mm in thickness. The plywood is covered with a cloth of cotton fibers, impregnated in petroleum bitumen fluidized by kerosene. A test of permeability was conducted and has shown good results after 3 weeks of imbibition in water. The new composite material obtained can then serve as intermediate support in the system of roof coverings with roofing tiles and wood frames.","PeriodicalId":7436,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81403853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-28DOI: 10.37547/TAJAS/VOLUME03ISSUE10-03
J. Eshonkulov
Methods of solving mathematical models of industrial enterprises using the simplex method, which is one of the most important methods of constructing mathematical models, are shown in finding optimal solutions to economic problems.
单纯形法是构建数学模型的重要方法之一，在求解经济问题的最优解中得到了应用。
{"title":"Methodology Of Application Of The Simplex Method In The Optimal Development Of Industrial Enterprises","authors":"J. Eshonkulov","doi":"10.37547/TAJAS/VOLUME03ISSUE10-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37547/TAJAS/VOLUME03ISSUE10-03","url":null,"abstract":"Methods of solving mathematical models of industrial enterprises using the simplex method, which is one of the most important methods of constructing mathematical models, are shown in finding optimal solutions to economic problems.","PeriodicalId":7436,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":"38 1","pages":"9-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77743652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-20DOI: 10.37547/TAJAS/VOLUME03ISSUE10-02
Konstantin Golev
This article develops the opportunities for use of the idea as a strategy for mental impact in sports training. A hypothetical thinking for its particular applications is made, because of the unique elements of the games action. The need of a deliberate and exact methodology by the game educator is demonstrated, with a view for accomplishing the legitimate improvement of the understudies and a singular beneficial outcome.
{"title":"The Intriguing Technique In Game Schooling – Hypothetical Rudiments And Viable Application","authors":"Konstantin Golev","doi":"10.37547/TAJAS/VOLUME03ISSUE10-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37547/TAJAS/VOLUME03ISSUE10-02","url":null,"abstract":"This article develops the opportunities for use of the idea as a strategy for mental impact in sports training. A hypothetical thinking for its particular applications is made, because of the unique elements of the games action. The need of a deliberate and exact methodology by the game educator is demonstrated, with a view for accomplishing the legitimate improvement of the understudies and a singular beneficial outcome.","PeriodicalId":7436,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":"5-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78204466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-15DOI: 10.37547/TAJAS/VOLUME03ISSUE10-01
Paul Tournikiotis
The utilization of regarded metropolitan wastewater as an asset for water system water is a training generally utilized in bone-dry and semi-bone-dry areas of the world yet additionally one that is relied upon to turn out to be more diffuse because of the decrease of water assets and the peak in the opposition for water. Scientists' inclinations are, consequently, centered around exploring the impacts of the strategy under question on the yields on which it is applied. This audit presents the principle research discoveries on the subject with an uncommon reference to investigate completed in Greece. The overall finish of the current audit is that the utilization of treated metropolitan wastewater in water system can effectsly affect most harvest yields, given that quality attributes of both treated wastewater and yields are adequately observed.
{"title":"The Impacts Of Water System With Treated Wastewater On Yields And Human Populaces","authors":"Paul Tournikiotis","doi":"10.37547/TAJAS/VOLUME03ISSUE10-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37547/TAJAS/VOLUME03ISSUE10-01","url":null,"abstract":"The utilization of regarded metropolitan wastewater as an asset for water system water is a training generally utilized in bone-dry and semi-bone-dry areas of the world yet additionally one that is relied upon to turn out to be more diffuse because of the decrease of water assets and the peak in the opposition for water. Scientists' inclinations are, consequently, centered around exploring the impacts of the strategy under question on the yields on which it is applied. This audit presents the principle research discoveries on the subject with an uncommon reference to investigate completed in Greece. The overall finish of the current audit is that the utilization of treated metropolitan wastewater in water system can effectsly affect most harvest yields, given that quality attributes of both treated wastewater and yields are adequately observed.","PeriodicalId":7436,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79297634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.37547/TAJAS/VOLUME03ISSUE09-08
S. B. Ami
It has been shown that because of underlying heterogeneity the noncrystalline areas have three isoperimetrical temperature advances, where the α1 and α2 advances are brought about by the event of segmental portability in thick mesomorphous and medium pressed formless bunches, individually; while the β change is identified with the versatility of little fragments in free stuffed shapeless groups, which most likely are situated on the external surface of nanofibrils. Under the activity of water and different plasticizers every one of the three isoperimetrical changes are moved to bring down temperatures.
{"title":"Isoperimetrical Changes Of Cellulose – A Short Audit","authors":"S. B. Ami","doi":"10.37547/TAJAS/VOLUME03ISSUE09-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37547/TAJAS/VOLUME03ISSUE09-08","url":null,"abstract":"It has been shown that because of underlying heterogeneity the noncrystalline areas have three isoperimetrical temperature advances, where the α1 and α2 advances are brought about by the event of segmental portability in thick mesomorphous and medium pressed formless bunches, individually; while the β change is identified with the versatility of little fragments in free stuffed shapeless groups, which most likely are situated on the external surface of nanofibrils. Under the activity of water and different plasticizers every one of the three isoperimetrical changes are moved to bring down temperatures.","PeriodicalId":7436,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":"54-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76263399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-13DOI: 10.37547/TAJAS/VOLUME03ISSUE09-01
U. Ali
{"title":"Promotional Strategies For Leather Production In Born State","authors":"U. Ali","doi":"10.37547/TAJAS/VOLUME03ISSUE09-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37547/TAJAS/VOLUME03ISSUE09-01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7436,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75490467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：