Igor A. Lavrinenko, G. Vashanov, J. L. Hernández Cáceres, Y. Nechipurenko
Oxygen binds to hemoglobin cooperatively, and a correct description of this binding is relevant not only for understanding the mechanisms of involved molecular processes but also for clinical purposes. Hill’s equation, derived over a hundred years ago, is still the simplest and most efficient way to perform this description. However, in terms of accuracy, it is inferior to Adair´s equation, which contains more parameters. We proposed to use a modified Hill equation and showed that it allows a more accurate description of the binding of oxygen to hemoglobin than Adair’s equation. At the same time, unlike Adair’s equation, our model retains the physical meaning given to the original Hill equation. We considered and analyzed the influence of the equation parameters on the course of the oxygenation curve and presented the relationship between the fitting parameters and other parameters derived from them in the form of a diagram-graph, which, in our opinion, simplifies the perception of these estimates and can be useful in solving a number of problems for which the traditional way of analyzing the degree of cooperative interaction was via the Hill equation. We suggest that the newly proposed parameter hmax introduced in our model should be regarded as crucial for a better description of the oxygenation curve.
{"title":"Fitting Parameters of a Modified Hill’s Equation and Their Influence on the Shape of the Model Hemoglobin Oxygenation Curve","authors":"Igor A. Lavrinenko, G. Vashanov, J. L. Hernández Cáceres, Y. Nechipurenko","doi":"10.3390/oxygen3010007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/oxygen3010007","url":null,"abstract":"Oxygen binds to hemoglobin cooperatively, and a correct description of this binding is relevant not only for understanding the mechanisms of involved molecular processes but also for clinical purposes. Hill’s equation, derived over a hundred years ago, is still the simplest and most efficient way to perform this description. However, in terms of accuracy, it is inferior to Adair´s equation, which contains more parameters. We proposed to use a modified Hill equation and showed that it allows a more accurate description of the binding of oxygen to hemoglobin than Adair’s equation. At the same time, unlike Adair’s equation, our model retains the physical meaning given to the original Hill equation. We considered and analyzed the influence of the equation parameters on the course of the oxygenation curve and presented the relationship between the fitting parameters and other parameters derived from them in the form of a diagram-graph, which, in our opinion, simplifies the perception of these estimates and can be useful in solving a number of problems for which the traditional way of analyzing the degree of cooperative interaction was via the Hill equation. We suggest that the newly proposed parameter hmax introduced in our model should be regarded as crucial for a better description of the oxygenation curve.","PeriodicalId":74387,"journal":{"name":"Oxygen (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45018528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 2007 a paper in Nature Medicine sparked a new wave of interest in the use of molecular hydrogen (H2) for medical treatments. Since then there has been a flurry of papers looking at a range of medical aspects, from neurodegenerative disease to sports injuries. Several methods of application have been developed, including breathing the gas, or making a hydrogen-rich solution that can be ingested, or administered as saline. H2 treatments are deemed to be safe and can be used in agricultural practice as well as in the biomedical arena. However, the first studies to investigate the use of H2 in medicine were carried out by those interested in the use of a range of gases and how this may affect respiration in humans. Beddoes was published in 1793 and Cavallo in 1798, with Davy following shortly after in 1800. With so many papers now appearing on H2 in biological systems, it seems timely, and interesting, to revisit the early papers, to humbly remind us of what these pioneers of respiratory research did.
{"title":"The Early History of Hydrogen and Other Gases in Respiration and Biological Systems: Revisiting Beddoes, Cavallo, and Davy","authors":"J. Hancock, Tyler W. LeBaron","doi":"10.3390/oxygen3010008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/oxygen3010008","url":null,"abstract":"In 2007 a paper in Nature Medicine sparked a new wave of interest in the use of molecular hydrogen (H2) for medical treatments. Since then there has been a flurry of papers looking at a range of medical aspects, from neurodegenerative disease to sports injuries. Several methods of application have been developed, including breathing the gas, or making a hydrogen-rich solution that can be ingested, or administered as saline. H2 treatments are deemed to be safe and can be used in agricultural practice as well as in the biomedical arena. However, the first studies to investigate the use of H2 in medicine were carried out by those interested in the use of a range of gases and how this may affect respiration in humans. Beddoes was published in 1793 and Cavallo in 1798, with Davy following shortly after in 1800. With so many papers now appearing on H2 in biological systems, it seems timely, and interesting, to revisit the early papers, to humbly remind us of what these pioneers of respiratory research did.","PeriodicalId":74387,"journal":{"name":"Oxygen (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41547639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michał Szczepańczyk, Lea Paul, T. Ruzgas, Sebastian Björklund
Catalase is a key antioxidative enzyme, and a deficiency or malfunction of catalase is hypothesized to be related to various diseases. To investigate catalase activity, it is important to use reliable methods and experimental protocols enabling consistent fallouts. One major problem, however, is that the activity values obtained with different techniques and procedures can vary to a large extent. The aim of this work was to identify experimental conditions that provide similar catalase activity values with two different methods based on either spectrophotometry or chronoamperometry. The investigated parameters include the concentration of catalase and its substrate (H2O2), as well as the effect of deoxygenation of the catalase medium by nitrogen (N2). Within the frame of investigated conditions, we show that spectrophotometry is strongly affected by the catalase concentration, whereas chronoamperometry is shown to be more dependent on the substrate concentration. Deoxygenation leads to elevated catalase activity values in the case of chronoamperometry, whereas it shows no influence on the results obtained with spectrophotometry. In particular, in the case of low substrate concentrations (i.e., low catalase reaction rates), higher and more accurate results are obtained with deoxygenation in the case of chronoamperometry measurements due to minimized oxygen escape. The effect of deoxygenation, giving rise to elevated catalase activity values, however, is not statistically significant at high substrate concentrations, implying that the protocol can be simplified by excluding this step as long as the other parameters are optimized. Finally, by comparing the two methods at different experimental conditions, we identified protocols resulting in similar results, i.e., 10 mM H2O2 and catalase activity of 4–5 U/mL. Based on this work, improved consistency of catalase activity data obtained with different methodologies and in different labs is expected.
过氧化氢酶是一种关键的抗氧化酶，过氧化氢酶的缺乏或功能障碍被认为与各种疾病有关。为了研究过氧化氢酶活性，重要的是使用可靠的方法和实验方案来实现一致的下降。然而，一个主要问题是，用不同的技术和程序获得的活性值可能在很大程度上变化。这项工作的目的是通过基于分光光度法或计时电流法的两种不同方法来确定提供相似过氧化氢酶活性值的实验条件。研究的参数包括过氧化氢酶及其底物（H2O2）的浓度，以及氮（N2）对过氧化氢酶培养基的脱氧作用。在所研究的条件范围内，我们发现分光光度法受到过氧化氢酶浓度的强烈影响，而计时电流法则更依赖于底物浓度。在计时电流法的情况下，脱氧会导致过氧化氢酶活性值升高，而它对分光光度法获得的结果没有影响。特别地，在低底物浓度（即，低过氧化氢酶反应速率）的情况下，在计时电流法测量的情况下通过脱氧获得更高和更准确的结果，这是由于氧气逸出最小化。然而，脱氧作用导致过氧化氢酶活性值升高，在高底物浓度下没有统计学意义，这意味着只要优化其他参数，就可以通过排除这一步骤来简化方案。最后，通过在不同实验条件下比较这两种方法，我们确定了产生类似结果的方案，即10 mM H2O2和4–5 U/mL的过氧化氢酶活性。基于这项工作，预计在不同的方法和实验室中获得的过氧化氢酶活性数据的一致性会得到提高。
{"title":"Comparison of Oxygen Electrode Chronoamperometry and Spectrophotometry for Determination of Catalase Activity","authors":"Michał Szczepańczyk, Lea Paul, T. Ruzgas, Sebastian Björklund","doi":"10.3390/oxygen3010006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/oxygen3010006","url":null,"abstract":"Catalase is a key antioxidative enzyme, and a deficiency or malfunction of catalase is hypothesized to be related to various diseases. To investigate catalase activity, it is important to use reliable methods and experimental protocols enabling consistent fallouts. One major problem, however, is that the activity values obtained with different techniques and procedures can vary to a large extent. The aim of this work was to identify experimental conditions that provide similar catalase activity values with two different methods based on either spectrophotometry or chronoamperometry. The investigated parameters include the concentration of catalase and its substrate (H2O2), as well as the effect of deoxygenation of the catalase medium by nitrogen (N2). Within the frame of investigated conditions, we show that spectrophotometry is strongly affected by the catalase concentration, whereas chronoamperometry is shown to be more dependent on the substrate concentration. Deoxygenation leads to elevated catalase activity values in the case of chronoamperometry, whereas it shows no influence on the results obtained with spectrophotometry. In particular, in the case of low substrate concentrations (i.e., low catalase reaction rates), higher and more accurate results are obtained with deoxygenation in the case of chronoamperometry measurements due to minimized oxygen escape. The effect of deoxygenation, giving rise to elevated catalase activity values, however, is not statistically significant at high substrate concentrations, implying that the protocol can be simplified by excluding this step as long as the other parameters are optimized. Finally, by comparing the two methods at different experimental conditions, we identified protocols resulting in similar results, i.e., 10 mM H2O2 and catalase activity of 4–5 U/mL. Based on this work, improved consistency of catalase activity data obtained with different methodologies and in different labs is expected.","PeriodicalId":74387,"journal":{"name":"Oxygen (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45851877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Valentina Membrino, Alice Di Paolo, Sonila Alia, Giulio Papiri, A. Vignini
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a multifaceted neurodevelopmental disorder that comprises a complex aetiology, where a genetic component has been suggested, together with multiple environmental risk factors. Because of its increasing incidence in the paediatric population and the lack of successful curative therapies, ASD is one of the most puzzling disorders for medicine. In the last two decades and more, the relationship between oxidative stress (OS) and ASD has been recurrently documented. For this reason, the former hypothesis, according to which reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) play an important role in ASD, is now a certainty. Thus, in this review, we will discuss many aspects of the role of OS in ASD. In addition, we will describe, in the context of the most recent literature, the possibility that free radicals promote lipid peroxidation, as well as an increase in other OS biomarkers. Finally, we will outline the possibility of novel nutritional interventions aimed at counteracting ROS production in people with ASD. In fact, new strategies have investigated the possibility that ASD symptoms, as well behavioral anomalies, may be improved after interventions using antioxidants as supplements or included in foods.
{"title":"The Role of Oxidative Stress in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Narrative Literature Review","authors":"Valentina Membrino, Alice Di Paolo, Sonila Alia, Giulio Papiri, A. Vignini","doi":"10.3390/oxygen3010004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/oxygen3010004","url":null,"abstract":"Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a multifaceted neurodevelopmental disorder that comprises a complex aetiology, where a genetic component has been suggested, together with multiple environmental risk factors. Because of its increasing incidence in the paediatric population and the lack of successful curative therapies, ASD is one of the most puzzling disorders for medicine. In the last two decades and more, the relationship between oxidative stress (OS) and ASD has been recurrently documented. For this reason, the former hypothesis, according to which reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) play an important role in ASD, is now a certainty. Thus, in this review, we will discuss many aspects of the role of OS in ASD. In addition, we will describe, in the context of the most recent literature, the possibility that free radicals promote lipid peroxidation, as well as an increase in other OS biomarkers. Finally, we will outline the possibility of novel nutritional interventions aimed at counteracting ROS production in people with ASD. In fact, new strategies have investigated the possibility that ASD symptoms, as well behavioral anomalies, may be improved after interventions using antioxidants as supplements or included in foods.","PeriodicalId":74387,"journal":{"name":"Oxygen (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43918654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High-quality academic publishing is built on rigorous peer review [...]
高质量的学术出版建立在严格的同行评审基础上〔…〕
{"title":"Acknowledgment to the Reviewers of Oxygen in 2022","authors":"","doi":"10.3390/oxygen3010003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/oxygen3010003","url":null,"abstract":"High-quality academic publishing is built on rigorous peer review [...]","PeriodicalId":74387,"journal":{"name":"Oxygen (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44630971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Golenkina, S. Galkina, G. Viryasova, G. Sud’ina
Synthetic CpG oligonucleotides are promising components of immunomodulatory drugs for the treatment and prophylaxis of infectious diseases, cancers, and allergies. Phosphorothioate modification stabilizes these compounds, contributing to the achievement of a clinical effect, but at the same time changes their immunomodulatory properties. We used the diffusible fluorescent dye dihydroethidium and the non-diffusible 6-carboxy-2′,7′dihydrochlorofluorescein diacetate and cytochrome c probes to demonstrate that it is the phosphorothioate backbones that determine the pronounced nonspecific pro-oxidant effect of CpG ODN on neutrophils. At the same time, as was shown using diaminofluorescein diacetate, the potentiation of nitric oxide synthesis in these leucocytes by CpG ODN class A strictly depends on the presence of CpG motifs and a palindromic “hairpin”. The results obtained will contribute to a more complete understanding of the physiological action of therapeutic agents based on synthetic CpG oligonucleotides.
{"title":"The Pro-Oxidant Effect of Class A CpG ODNs on Human Neutrophils Includes Both Non-Specific Stimulation of ROS Production and Structurally Determined Induction of NO Synthesis","authors":"E. Golenkina, S. Galkina, G. Viryasova, G. Sud’ina","doi":"10.3390/oxygen3010002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/oxygen3010002","url":null,"abstract":"Synthetic CpG oligonucleotides are promising components of immunomodulatory drugs for the treatment and prophylaxis of infectious diseases, cancers, and allergies. Phosphorothioate modification stabilizes these compounds, contributing to the achievement of a clinical effect, but at the same time changes their immunomodulatory properties. We used the diffusible fluorescent dye dihydroethidium and the non-diffusible 6-carboxy-2′,7′dihydrochlorofluorescein diacetate and cytochrome c probes to demonstrate that it is the phosphorothioate backbones that determine the pronounced nonspecific pro-oxidant effect of CpG ODN on neutrophils. At the same time, as was shown using diaminofluorescein diacetate, the potentiation of nitric oxide synthesis in these leucocytes by CpG ODN class A strictly depends on the presence of CpG motifs and a palindromic “hairpin”. The results obtained will contribute to a more complete understanding of the physiological action of therapeutic agents based on synthetic CpG oligonucleotides.","PeriodicalId":74387,"journal":{"name":"Oxygen (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41883383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Savinova, T. Salimova, E. Proskurnina, I. V. Rodionov, O. Kraevaya, P. Troshin, L. Kameneva, E. Malinovskaya, O. Dolgikh, N. Veiko, S. Kostyuk
The development of novel biologically active nanopharmaceuticals is a topical problem of medicine. Water-soluble fullerene derivatives are of particular interest due to their ability to regulate intracellular metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by direct oxidation or effects on oxidative and signaling enzymes. Here, we studied the effect of a water-soluble chlorine-containing derivative of C60 fullerene on human embryonic lung fibroblasts. MTT tests, intracellular ROS visualization, detection of the ROS-associated gene and protein expression, repair, cell proliferation and cell cycle regulation, and quantitation of oxidative DNA damage were used. Within the first three hours after exposure, antioxidant effects were revealed. Later, oxidative damage appeared. Thus, the studied compound had an ambiguous effect on ROS metabolism associated with a switch in the regulatory effect, which must be taken into account when assessing its biological activity and toxicity.
{"title":"Effect of Water-Soluble Chlorine-Containing Buckminsterfullerene Derivative on the Metabolism of Reactive Oxygen Species in Human Embryonic Lung Fibroblasts","authors":"E. Savinova, T. Salimova, E. Proskurnina, I. V. Rodionov, O. Kraevaya, P. Troshin, L. Kameneva, E. Malinovskaya, O. Dolgikh, N. Veiko, S. Kostyuk","doi":"10.3390/oxygen3010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/oxygen3010001","url":null,"abstract":"The development of novel biologically active nanopharmaceuticals is a topical problem of medicine. Water-soluble fullerene derivatives are of particular interest due to their ability to regulate intracellular metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by direct oxidation or effects on oxidative and signaling enzymes. Here, we studied the effect of a water-soluble chlorine-containing derivative of C60 fullerene on human embryonic lung fibroblasts. MTT tests, intracellular ROS visualization, detection of the ROS-associated gene and protein expression, repair, cell proliferation and cell cycle regulation, and quantitation of oxidative DNA damage were used. Within the first three hours after exposure, antioxidant effects were revealed. Later, oxidative damage appeared. Thus, the studied compound had an ambiguous effect on ROS metabolism associated with a switch in the regulatory effect, which must be taken into account when assessing its biological activity and toxicity.","PeriodicalId":74387,"journal":{"name":"Oxygen (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48055733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manoel Rios, V. Reis, Susana Soares, D. Moreira-Gonçalves, R. Fernandes
The current study aimed to evidence the strengths and weaknesses of two indirect methods for assessing the anaerobic alactic contribution to a specific CrossFit® workout. Thirty experienced crossfitters performed the Fran workout at maximal intensity, and ventilatory data were collected during the recovery period using a telemetric portable gas analyser to assess the oxygen uptake (VO2) of the off-kinetics fast component (Anarecovery). The kinetics of maximal phosphocreatine splitting (AnaPCr) were determined based on the literature. No differences between the two methods were observed (31.4 ± 4.0 vs. 30.4 ± 4.1 kJ for Anarecovery and AnaPCr, respectively). Despite the existence of some caveats (e.g., errors derived from a delay at the onset of VO2 recovery and the assumption of given values in the concentration of phosphocreatine per kilogram of wet muscle, respectively) in both methods, the data indicate that they yield similar results and allow for estimations of alactic energy contribution from a short-duration and high intensity CrossFit® routine. The current data contributes to CrossFit® workout evaluations and training strategies, helping researchers to evaluate crossfitters more accurately. The advantage of the two methods used in the current study is that they are non-invasive, which differs greatly from muscle biopsies.
{"title":"Pros and Cons of Two Methods of Anaerobic Alactic Energy Assessment in a High-Intensity CrossFit® Workout","authors":"Manoel Rios, V. Reis, Susana Soares, D. Moreira-Gonçalves, R. Fernandes","doi":"10.3390/oxygen2040042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/oxygen2040042","url":null,"abstract":"The current study aimed to evidence the strengths and weaknesses of two indirect methods for assessing the anaerobic alactic contribution to a specific CrossFit® workout. Thirty experienced crossfitters performed the Fran workout at maximal intensity, and ventilatory data were collected during the recovery period using a telemetric portable gas analyser to assess the oxygen uptake (VO2) of the off-kinetics fast component (Anarecovery). The kinetics of maximal phosphocreatine splitting (AnaPCr) were determined based on the literature. No differences between the two methods were observed (31.4 ± 4.0 vs. 30.4 ± 4.1 kJ for Anarecovery and AnaPCr, respectively). Despite the existence of some caveats (e.g., errors derived from a delay at the onset of VO2 recovery and the assumption of given values in the concentration of phosphocreatine per kilogram of wet muscle, respectively) in both methods, the data indicate that they yield similar results and allow for estimations of alactic energy contribution from a short-duration and high intensity CrossFit® routine. The current data contributes to CrossFit® workout evaluations and training strategies, helping researchers to evaluate crossfitters more accurately. The advantage of the two methods used in the current study is that they are non-invasive, which differs greatly from muscle biopsies.","PeriodicalId":74387,"journal":{"name":"Oxygen (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47873834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gas embolism is a potentially fatal occurrence in which bubbles are introduced into the arterial/venous circulation. A multifocal ischemia could be the life-threatening scenario of that and occurring after diving-related activities, or pulmonary barotrauma, or even iatrogenic procedure capable to cause an accidental introduction of gas into the vasculature. The case here reported concerns the good outcome of one of these rare occurrences thanks to a prompt diagnosis and proper management of the ongoing gaseous lesion. Unfortunately, it remains ethically and technically complex to consider feasible Randomized Clinical Trials (RCTs) in hyperbaric medicine in general, and even more so in this type of eventuality. We are happy to share this further favorable result as we believe it is just thanks to growing documented clinical evidence that now anyone, if ever had to be suffering from gas embolism, in presence of a RCT would widely prefer to be included in the arm that can take advantage of oxygen hyperbaric (HBO) therapy.
{"title":"Complete Recovery of an Iatrogenic Venous Gaseous Embolism (VGE) Clinical Presentation Thanks to a Timely Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) Treatment","authors":"V. Zanon, S. Magri, G. Bonera, E. Camporesi","doi":"10.3390/oxygen2040041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/oxygen2040041","url":null,"abstract":"Gas embolism is a potentially fatal occurrence in which bubbles are introduced into the arterial/venous circulation. A multifocal ischemia could be the life-threatening scenario of that and occurring after diving-related activities, or pulmonary barotrauma, or even iatrogenic procedure capable to cause an accidental introduction of gas into the vasculature. The case here reported concerns the good outcome of one of these rare occurrences thanks to a prompt diagnosis and proper management of the ongoing gaseous lesion. Unfortunately, it remains ethically and technically complex to consider feasible Randomized Clinical Trials (RCTs) in hyperbaric medicine in general, and even more so in this type of eventuality. We are happy to share this further favorable result as we believe it is just thanks to growing documented clinical evidence that now anyone, if ever had to be suffering from gas embolism, in presence of a RCT would widely prefer to be included in the arm that can take advantage of oxygen hyperbaric (HBO) therapy.","PeriodicalId":74387,"journal":{"name":"Oxygen (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43251016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The beers’ lag time measured with the PBN (N-t-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone) spin trapping experiments coupled with EPR spectroscopy is related to their antioxidant capacity and shelf life. The effect on the lag time of the alcohol content of the beer (starting values, 9 and 13%) and PBN concentration (50 or 200 mM) was analyzed on three samples, a pilsner, a strong lager, and a blonde Ale heated at 60 °C to trigger the production of the 1-hydroxyethyl radical. The lag time was determined only for the strong lager beer, with the values depending on the experimental conditions, being higher when PBN had a lower concentration. The antioxidant activity of the three beers gave the following values: 0.9089 mL pilsner beer/mg DPPH, 0.8510 mL strong lager beer/mg DPPH, and 0.7184 mL blonde Ale beer/mg DPPH, indicating that the unsuccessful determination of the lag time was not due to stale beers. The EPR intensity of the PBN adduct after 150 min (I150) and the area under the curve (AUC) were also measured and related to the oxidative stability of beers. Further studies are needed to verify the influence of the heating temperature in samples that do not show a lag time at 60 °C.
用PBN（N-叔丁基-α-苯基硝酮）自旋捕获实验结合EPR光谱测定啤酒的滞后时间与啤酒的抗氧化能力和保质期有关。在三个样品上分析了啤酒酒精含量（起始值，9%和13%）和PBN浓度（50或200mM）对滞后时间的影响，即在60°C下加热以引发1-羟基乙基自由基产生的皮尔斯纳啤酒、浓啤酒和金色啤酒。滞后时间仅适用于浓啤酒，其值取决于实验条件，当PBN浓度较低时，滞后时间较高。三种啤酒的抗氧化活性分别为0.9089mL皮尔斯纳啤酒/mg DPPH、0.8510mL浓啤酒/mg DP PH和0.7184mL金色啤酒/mg D PH，表明滞后时间的测定不成功不是由于陈啤酒。还测量了150分钟后PBN加合物的EPR强度（I150）和曲线下面积（AUC），并与啤酒的氧化稳定性有关。需要进一步的研究来验证在60°C时没有显示滞后时间的样品中加热温度的影响。
{"title":"Lag Time Determinations in Beer Samples. Influence of Alcohol and PBN Concentration in EPR Spin Trapping Experiments","authors":"M. Porcu, A. Fadda, D. Sanna","doi":"10.3390/oxygen2040040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/oxygen2040040","url":null,"abstract":"The beers’ lag time measured with the PBN (N-t-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone) spin trapping experiments coupled with EPR spectroscopy is related to their antioxidant capacity and shelf life. The effect on the lag time of the alcohol content of the beer (starting values, 9 and 13%) and PBN concentration (50 or 200 mM) was analyzed on three samples, a pilsner, a strong lager, and a blonde Ale heated at 60 °C to trigger the production of the 1-hydroxyethyl radical. The lag time was determined only for the strong lager beer, with the values depending on the experimental conditions, being higher when PBN had a lower concentration. The antioxidant activity of the three beers gave the following values: 0.9089 mL pilsner beer/mg DPPH, 0.8510 mL strong lager beer/mg DPPH, and 0.7184 mL blonde Ale beer/mg DPPH, indicating that the unsuccessful determination of the lag time was not due to stale beers. The EPR intensity of the PBN adduct after 150 min (I150) and the area under the curve (AUC) were also measured and related to the oxidative stability of beers. Further studies are needed to verify the influence of the heating temperature in samples that do not show a lag time at 60 °C.","PeriodicalId":74387,"journal":{"name":"Oxygen (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41659656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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