Pub Date : 2024-01-16eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.2147/PHMT.S443272
Sarah AlMuammar, Weam Alshora, Atheer Sadik Gari, Reem Khalid Bahaj, Bayan Abdullah Alansari
Purpose: The study aimed to examine the parents' willingness and its association with demographic factors, attitudes, and practices to vaccinate their child against COVID-19.
Patients and methods: The study involved 2500 participants from various regions of Saudi Arabia and was conducted between July 1, 2021, and August 31, 2021. Information was gathered via an online questionnaire comprising 26 questions, distributed across social media platforms. Informed consent was obtained from all participants before the commencement of the study. A chi-square test was applied to analyze the association among variables, utilizing a subset of 2127 participants based on study inclusion criteria. A chi-square test was applied to observe the association.
Results: The willingness of parents to vaccinae their children against COVID-19 was found 61%. The main reason for taking was "Protect the child" by 1094 (51.4%%) and the main reason for refusing was "Side effects/safety concerns" by 477 (22.4%). 1846 (86.8%) participants, received the COVID-19 vaccine or were planning to receive it.
Conclusion: Our study concluded that parent's willingness to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 was relatively high in our sample as about two-thirds of them accept the vaccine for their child once it is available. The use of the health belief model demonstrated the urgent requirement for awareness and education campaigns in the private and public sectors to increase awareness of parents not only related to COVID-19 but also to cater to any unexpected or suspected pandemic of infectious disease in the future full capacity.
{"title":"Parental Willingness and Factors Influencing COVID-19 Vaccination for Children in Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Sarah AlMuammar, Weam Alshora, Atheer Sadik Gari, Reem Khalid Bahaj, Bayan Abdullah Alansari","doi":"10.2147/PHMT.S443272","DOIUrl":"10.2147/PHMT.S443272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The study aimed to examine the parents' willingness and its association with demographic factors, attitudes, and practices to vaccinate their child against COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>The study involved 2500 participants from various regions of Saudi Arabia and was conducted between July 1, 2021, and August 31, 2021. Information was gathered via an online questionnaire comprising 26 questions, distributed across social media platforms. Informed consent was obtained from all participants before the commencement of the study. A chi-square test was applied to analyze the association among variables, utilizing a subset of 2127 participants based on study inclusion criteria. A chi-square test was applied to observe the association.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The willingness of parents to vaccinae their children against COVID-19 was found 61%. The main reason for taking was \"Protect the child\" by 1094 (51.4%%) and the main reason for refusing was \"Side effects/safety concerns\" by 477 (22.4%). 1846 (86.8%) participants, received the COVID-19 vaccine or were planning to receive it.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study concluded that parent's willingness to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 was relatively high in our sample as about two-thirds of them accept the vaccine for their child once it is available. The use of the health belief model demonstrated the urgent requirement for awareness and education campaigns in the private and public sectors to increase awareness of parents not only related to COVID-19 but also to cater to any unexpected or suspected pandemic of infectious disease in the future full capacity.</p>","PeriodicalId":74410,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics","volume":"15 ","pages":"29-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10800286/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139520908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Iulia Roca, Elena Cojocaru, Carmen Rusu, L. Trandafir, Cătălina Săveanu, V. Lupu, L. Butnariu, V. Țarcă, Mihaela Moscalu, Jana Bernic, Ancuța Lupu, E. Țarcă
{"title":"The Role of Natural Extracts in the Management of Infantile Hemangiomas and Vascular Tumors","authors":"Iulia Roca, Elena Cojocaru, Carmen Rusu, L. Trandafir, Cătălina Săveanu, V. Lupu, L. Butnariu, V. Țarcă, Mihaela Moscalu, Jana Bernic, Ancuța Lupu, E. Țarcă","doi":"10.2147/phmt.s439537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/phmt.s439537","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74410,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139394533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Abdeeq, Ahmed Mohamed, Abdiwahab Abdi, Jama Mohamed, Dessalegn Tamiru, Kalkidan Abate
Background: Stunting, a consequence of prolonged malnutrition, remains a critical global health issue affecting 165 million children under the age of five, with 10.6 million associated deaths. Its stunting prevalence is particularly pronounced in developing nations, notably Sub-Saharan Africa. Chronic protein-energy malnutrition, identified as a major cause of morbidity and mortality in displaced settings, underscores the urgency of understanding its impact in such contexts. Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of stunting among children aged 12–59 months and residing in IDP camps in Hargeisa, Somaliland. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Hargeisa from May 5 to July 30, 2022, utilizing systematic random sampling, online mobile surveys, and caregiver interviews with anthropometric measurements. The SPSS version 25 was utilized in handled data entry, processing and analysis. Multivariable logistic regression, with p < 0.05 significance, included variables from bivariate analysis ( p < 0.2). Stunting assessment utilized WHO AnthroPlus software, categorizing HAZ scores < −2.0 SD. Results: The prevalence of stunting among children living in IDP camps was found to be 21.1% [95% CI: 17.0–24.91%]. Vaccination status (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.09–0.38), deworming practice (aOR = 6.5, 95% CI: 2.91–14.52), place of delivery (aOR = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.07–0.30), measles experience in the last year (aOR = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.04–0.34), ANC visits (aOR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.14–0.81), and maternal insufficient extra food intake (aOR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.11–4.15) were significantly associated with stunting. Conclusion: The observed stunting prevalence in IDP camps (21.1%) was substantial, highlighting the need for targeted interventions. Future efforts should aim to reduce stunting from the current rate to an estimated 5–10%, emphasizing comprehensive measures such as deworming, maternal nutrition, postnatal care improvement, robust immunization, and promoting healthcare facility deliveries.
{"title":"Prevalence of Stunting and Its Associated Factors Among Children Residing in Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) Camps in Hargeisa, Somaliland: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"B. Abdeeq, Ahmed Mohamed, Abdiwahab Abdi, Jama Mohamed, Dessalegn Tamiru, Kalkidan Abate","doi":"10.2147/phmt.s439586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/phmt.s439586","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Stunting, a consequence of prolonged malnutrition, remains a critical global health issue affecting 165 million children under the age of five, with 10.6 million associated deaths. Its stunting prevalence is particularly pronounced in developing nations, notably Sub-Saharan Africa. Chronic protein-energy malnutrition, identified as a major cause of morbidity and mortality in displaced settings, underscores the urgency of understanding its impact in such contexts. Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of stunting among children aged 12–59 months and residing in IDP camps in Hargeisa, Somaliland. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Hargeisa from May 5 to July 30, 2022, utilizing systematic random sampling, online mobile surveys, and caregiver interviews with anthropometric measurements. The SPSS version 25 was utilized in handled data entry, processing and analysis. Multivariable logistic regression, with p < 0.05 significance, included variables from bivariate analysis ( p < 0.2). Stunting assessment utilized WHO AnthroPlus software, categorizing HAZ scores < −2.0 SD. Results: The prevalence of stunting among children living in IDP camps was found to be 21.1% [95% CI: 17.0–24.91%]. Vaccination status (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.09–0.38), deworming practice (aOR = 6.5, 95% CI: 2.91–14.52), place of delivery (aOR = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.07–0.30), measles experience in the last year (aOR = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.04–0.34), ANC visits (aOR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.14–0.81), and maternal insufficient extra food intake (aOR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.11–4.15) were significantly associated with stunting. Conclusion: The observed stunting prevalence in IDP camps (21.1%) was substantial, highlighting the need for targeted interventions. Future efforts should aim to reduce stunting from the current rate to an estimated 5–10%, emphasizing comprehensive measures such as deworming, maternal nutrition, postnatal care improvement, robust immunization, and promoting healthcare facility deliveries.","PeriodicalId":74410,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics","volume":"42 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139456236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Melese Ayllo, A. Tamire, Mohammed Legas, Gashaw Arega
Background Liver masses are a cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. Although the patterns and clinical-radiological characteristics of primary liver masses have been studied in developed countries, few studies have been conducted in developing countries. Studying the patterns of liver mass in children helps to improve the outcome of liver masses and to design preventive strategies if the identified risk factors are preventable. Material and Method A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on children who met the inclusion criteria, using a self-administered structured questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were used to assess the determinant factors. Results A total of 74 children were included, with most patients being males (60.8%). More than one-third (n = 27) of the participants were between 1 and 4 years of age and the mean age at diagnosis of the liver mass was 4.6 years. The duration of illness at presentation to Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital was between 4 and 8 weeks, in 42% of the patients. The most common presenting symptom was abdominal swelling, accounting for 70.3% (n = 52) of the patients. Benign hepatic mass lesions accounted for 57.5% (n = 42), and 43.2% (n = 32) were malignant liver masses. Most lesions were solitary and involved the right lobe of the liver. The common benign hepatic masses were pyogenic liver abscesses (38.1%), and the most common malignant hepatic masses were hepatoblastomas (78.1%). Conclusion Pyogenic liver abscess was the most common benign hepatic mass and hepatoblastoma was the most common malignant hepatic mass in our study. Most lesions were solitary and involved the right lobe. Understanding the patterns of liver masses will help in the early diagnosis and improve treatment outcomes in children with liver masses.
{"title":"Patterns and Clinico-Radiological Characteristics of Primary Liver Masses in Children Treated at a Tertiary Referral Hospital, in Ethiopia","authors":"Melese Ayllo, A. Tamire, Mohammed Legas, Gashaw Arega","doi":"10.2147/PHMT.S433460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/PHMT.S433460","url":null,"abstract":"Background Liver masses are a cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. Although the patterns and clinical-radiological characteristics of primary liver masses have been studied in developed countries, few studies have been conducted in developing countries. Studying the patterns of liver mass in children helps to improve the outcome of liver masses and to design preventive strategies if the identified risk factors are preventable. Material and Method A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on children who met the inclusion criteria, using a self-administered structured questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were used to assess the determinant factors. Results A total of 74 children were included, with most patients being males (60.8%). More than one-third (n = 27) of the participants were between 1 and 4 years of age and the mean age at diagnosis of the liver mass was 4.6 years. The duration of illness at presentation to Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital was between 4 and 8 weeks, in 42% of the patients. The most common presenting symptom was abdominal swelling, accounting for 70.3% (n = 52) of the patients. Benign hepatic mass lesions accounted for 57.5% (n = 42), and 43.2% (n = 32) were malignant liver masses. Most lesions were solitary and involved the right lobe of the liver. The common benign hepatic masses were pyogenic liver abscesses (38.1%), and the most common malignant hepatic masses were hepatoblastomas (78.1%). Conclusion Pyogenic liver abscess was the most common benign hepatic mass and hepatoblastoma was the most common malignant hepatic mass in our study. Most lesions were solitary and involved the right lobe. Understanding the patterns of liver masses will help in the early diagnosis and improve treatment outcomes in children with liver masses.","PeriodicalId":74410,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics","volume":"122 46","pages":"455 - 464"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138608072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Salah, Abubeker Abdela, Zeinab Obeid, Leul Adane, Gashaw Arega
Abstract In tuberculous patient, abnormal extrarenal production of 1.25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 by activated macrophages results in hypercalcemia. High calcium level associated with tuberculosis is frequent in adults with active pulmonary tuberculosis even though most patients are asymptomatic, while hypercalcemia in children due to disseminated tuberculosis is rare. Here, we described a case of a 5-year-old who presented with cough and right anterior chest swelling of two-month duration with an Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate of 144mm/hour, and a high serum ionized calcium level of 1.46millimol/L. With the epidemiologically prevalence, clinical and radiological imaging findings the diagnosis of disseminated tuberculosis to lung, pleura, lymph node, liver and bone was made, and the child was started with the anti-tuberculosis treatment, hypercalcemia was attributed to the disseminated tuberculosis precipitated by high calcium meal intake and excessive sun exposure. Tuberculosis can be complicated with hypercalcemia; care must be taken in supplementing vitamin D and high calcium meals especially in high sun exposure geographic areas.
{"title":"Hypercalcemia in a 5-Year-Old Child with Disseminated Tuberculosis: Case Report and Literature Review","authors":"F. Salah, Abubeker Abdela, Zeinab Obeid, Leul Adane, Gashaw Arega","doi":"10.2147/PHMT.S435222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/PHMT.S435222","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In tuberculous patient, abnormal extrarenal production of 1.25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 by activated macrophages results in hypercalcemia. High calcium level associated with tuberculosis is frequent in adults with active pulmonary tuberculosis even though most patients are asymptomatic, while hypercalcemia in children due to disseminated tuberculosis is rare. Here, we described a case of a 5-year-old who presented with cough and right anterior chest swelling of two-month duration with an Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate of 144mm/hour, and a high serum ionized calcium level of 1.46millimol/L. With the epidemiologically prevalence, clinical and radiological imaging findings the diagnosis of disseminated tuberculosis to lung, pleura, lymph node, liver and bone was made, and the child was started with the anti-tuberculosis treatment, hypercalcemia was attributed to the disseminated tuberculosis precipitated by high calcium meal intake and excessive sun exposure. Tuberculosis can be complicated with hypercalcemia; care must be taken in supplementing vitamin D and high calcium meals especially in high sun exposure geographic areas.","PeriodicalId":74410,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics","volume":"5 2","pages":"477 - 481"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138625342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Danai T Zhou, Taona Mudhluli, Lindsay J Hall, Justen Manasa, S. Munyati
Background Gut microbiota play a key role in host health, with certain Bifidobacterium strains critical for immune development. The healthy gut of breastfed infants is dominated by these pioneer microbes, especially the strains that feed on human milk oligosaccharides. Objective This is a scoping review of gut microbiome research from Zimbabwe. It focuses on distribution and dynamic changes of bifidobacteria, and milk components that promote growth of microbes in infants, together with the distribution of associated gut microbes in adults. Design Online databases were searched for publications from 2000 to 2023. Results and Analysis Fourteen publications on microbiota of infants and adults were included in this scoping review. Most were cross-sectional, while three were clinical trials/cohort protocols. Publications focused on pediatrics (78.5%), pregnant women (14.3%), and men (7.2%). Zimbabwe has a high burden of HIV; hence 35.7% of study populations were delineated by HIV status. The laboratory methods used included shotgun metagenomics (62%) or 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Almost 85% of the studies focused on total microbiome profiles and rarely reported the distribution of different Bifidobacterium species and variants. None of the papers studied human breast milk composition. There were reports of reduced abundance of beneficial genera in pregnant women, children, and adolescents living with HIV. Additionally, gut microbiota was reported to be poorly predictive of child growth and vaccine response, though this was not conclusive. Conclusion There are few studies that characterize the gut microbiome by Zimbabwe-based researchers. However, studies on strain level diversity of Bifidobacterium and other key microbes, and their role in health during and beyond infancy, lag behind in Zimbabwe and other low- and middle-income countries. Such cohorts are needed to inform future mechanistic studies and downstream translational work such as next-generation probiotics and prebiotics.
{"title":"A Scoping Review of Gut Microbiome and Bifidobacterium Research in Zimbabwe: Implications for Future Studies","authors":"Danai T Zhou, Taona Mudhluli, Lindsay J Hall, Justen Manasa, S. Munyati","doi":"10.2147/PHMT.S414766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/PHMT.S414766","url":null,"abstract":"Background Gut microbiota play a key role in host health, with certain Bifidobacterium strains critical for immune development. The healthy gut of breastfed infants is dominated by these pioneer microbes, especially the strains that feed on human milk oligosaccharides. Objective This is a scoping review of gut microbiome research from Zimbabwe. It focuses on distribution and dynamic changes of bifidobacteria, and milk components that promote growth of microbes in infants, together with the distribution of associated gut microbes in adults. Design Online databases were searched for publications from 2000 to 2023. Results and Analysis Fourteen publications on microbiota of infants and adults were included in this scoping review. Most were cross-sectional, while three were clinical trials/cohort protocols. Publications focused on pediatrics (78.5%), pregnant women (14.3%), and men (7.2%). Zimbabwe has a high burden of HIV; hence 35.7% of study populations were delineated by HIV status. The laboratory methods used included shotgun metagenomics (62%) or 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Almost 85% of the studies focused on total microbiome profiles and rarely reported the distribution of different Bifidobacterium species and variants. None of the papers studied human breast milk composition. There were reports of reduced abundance of beneficial genera in pregnant women, children, and adolescents living with HIV. Additionally, gut microbiota was reported to be poorly predictive of child growth and vaccine response, though this was not conclusive. Conclusion There are few studies that characterize the gut microbiome by Zimbabwe-based researchers. However, studies on strain level diversity of Bifidobacterium and other key microbes, and their role in health during and beyond infancy, lag behind in Zimbabwe and other low- and middle-income countries. Such cohorts are needed to inform future mechanistic studies and downstream translational work such as next-generation probiotics and prebiotics.","PeriodicalId":74410,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics","volume":"30 ","pages":"483 - 496"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138988658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and Objective Malnutrition is a common problem in infants and children with congenital heart defect and has an impact on the disease outcome. This study aimed to assess the short-term impact of corrective cardiac intervention on growth recovery of malnourished children with congenital heart defects. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted over a year period (April 2021 to April 2022) by retrieving data from pediatric corrective cardiac interventions performed over a period of 5 years (2017–2021). We enrolled pediatric patients with congenital heart disease whose age is less than 18 years and have undergone corrective cardiac intervention. Those children identified to have malnutrition pre-operatively have been followed for 6 months postoperatively. Anthropometry measurements were used to measure the outcome, before intervention and every 3 months for a total of 6 months after correction. Results A total of 148 children from age 2 months to 18 years with a mean age of 5 years were included in the study. Most of the subjects had acyanotic CHD accounting for 93.2%. Magnitudes of underweight, wasting and stunting at pre intervention were 54%, 54.1% and 59.5% respectively, decreased to 40.7%, 39.2%, 49.2% and 29.3%, 25.9%, 34.8% at the 3rd and 6th month of the post intervention period respectively. Predictors of undernutrition at post intervention were type of CHD, age at correction, PAH, type of intervention and were summarized. Comparison of Z-scores for WFH and HFA on the 3rd and 6th month post intervention has shown significant improvement from baseline. Those subjects with PAH and older age at correction have a greater chance of being underweight and wasted. Conclusion Malnutrition is very common in children with CHD and is predicted by the presence of pulmonary hypertension and older age at correction. Corrective cardiac intervention significantly improved nutritional status during the follow-up over 6 months.
{"title":"Short-Term Impact of Cardiac Intervention on the Nutritional Status of Malnourished Children with Congenital Heart Disease – A Report from a Developing African Country, Ethiopia","authors":"Kidist Tesfaye, Temesgen Tsega","doi":"10.2147/PHMT.S431164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/PHMT.S431164","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective Malnutrition is a common problem in infants and children with congenital heart defect and has an impact on the disease outcome. This study aimed to assess the short-term impact of corrective cardiac intervention on growth recovery of malnourished children with congenital heart defects. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted over a year period (April 2021 to April 2022) by retrieving data from pediatric corrective cardiac interventions performed over a period of 5 years (2017–2021). We enrolled pediatric patients with congenital heart disease whose age is less than 18 years and have undergone corrective cardiac intervention. Those children identified to have malnutrition pre-operatively have been followed for 6 months postoperatively. Anthropometry measurements were used to measure the outcome, before intervention and every 3 months for a total of 6 months after correction. Results A total of 148 children from age 2 months to 18 years with a mean age of 5 years were included in the study. Most of the subjects had acyanotic CHD accounting for 93.2%. Magnitudes of underweight, wasting and stunting at pre intervention were 54%, 54.1% and 59.5% respectively, decreased to 40.7%, 39.2%, 49.2% and 29.3%, 25.9%, 34.8% at the 3rd and 6th month of the post intervention period respectively. Predictors of undernutrition at post intervention were type of CHD, age at correction, PAH, type of intervention and were summarized. Comparison of Z-scores for WFH and HFA on the 3rd and 6th month post intervention has shown significant improvement from baseline. Those subjects with PAH and older age at correction have a greater chance of being underweight and wasted. Conclusion Malnutrition is very common in children with CHD and is predicted by the presence of pulmonary hypertension and older age at correction. Corrective cardiac intervention significantly improved nutritional status during the follow-up over 6 months.","PeriodicalId":74410,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics","volume":"195 3","pages":"465 - 475"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138621469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30eCollection Date: 2023-01-01DOI: 10.2147/PHMT.S447517
Vernando Yanry Lameky
{"title":"School Feeding and Nutritional Status of Students in Dubti District, Afar, Northeast Ethiopia: Comparative Cross-Sectional Study [Letter].","authors":"Vernando Yanry Lameky","doi":"10.2147/PHMT.S447517","DOIUrl":"10.2147/PHMT.S447517","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74410,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics","volume":"14 ","pages":"453-454"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10695016/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138489302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Heart rate is the main determinant factor of the child's cardiac output in the first year of life. Thus, bradycardia decreases cardiac output leading to fatal cardiac arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, and even death. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of bradycardia and its associated factors after induction of general anesthesia among pediatric patients operated at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (HUCSH).
Methods: Prospective observational study was employed at HUCSH by using a systematic random sampling technique. Pediatric surgical patients less than 6 years old were included in the study. Data were entered into Epi data statistical software (version 4.6.0.) and exported to SPSS (version 25.0). Categorical data were analyzed using chi-square statistics, and continuous data were analyzed using Student's t-test. Bivariable logistic regression was used to select candidate variables for multivariable logistic regression.
Results: The prevalence of bradycardia among 205 pediatric patients included in this study was 19.5%. Preoperative risk of hypoxia, opioids premedication, inhalational induction (halothane), difficult intubation, intraoperative complications, and significant surgical blood loss were independently associated with bradycardia.
Conclusion: The prevalence of bradycardia after induction of general anesthesia was 19.5%. Preoperative risk of hypoxia, opioids premedication, inhalational induction (particularly with halothane), difficult intubation, intraoperative complications such as hypoxia, and significant blood loss were significantly associated with bradycardia.
{"title":"Prevalence of Bradycardia After Induction of General Anesthesia and Associated Factors Among Surgical Pediatric Patients. A Prospective Observational Study.","authors":"Tajera Tageza Ilala, Gudeta Teku Ayano, Minda Abebe Seife, Mengistu Yinges Kebede, Belete Alemu Geleta, Kidanemariam Tamrat Yilma","doi":"10.2147/PHMT.S429321","DOIUrl":"10.2147/PHMT.S429321","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Heart rate is the main determinant factor of the child's cardiac output in the first year of life. Thus, bradycardia decreases cardiac output leading to fatal cardiac arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, and even death. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of bradycardia and its associated factors after induction of general anesthesia among pediatric patients operated at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (HUCSH).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Prospective observational study was employed at HUCSH by using a systematic random sampling technique. Pediatric surgical patients less than 6 years old were included in the study. Data were entered into Epi data statistical software (version 4.6.0.) and exported to SPSS (version 25.0). Categorical data were analyzed using chi-square statistics, and continuous data were analyzed using Student's <i>t</i>-test. Bivariable logistic regression was used to select candidate variables for multivariable logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of bradycardia among 205 pediatric patients included in this study was 19.5%. Preoperative risk of hypoxia, opioids premedication, inhalational induction (halothane), difficult intubation, intraoperative complications, and significant surgical blood loss were independently associated with bradycardia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of bradycardia after induction of general anesthesia was 19.5%. Preoperative risk of hypoxia, opioids premedication, inhalational induction (particularly with halothane), difficult intubation, intraoperative complications such as hypoxia, and significant blood loss were significantly associated with bradycardia.</p>","PeriodicalId":74410,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics","volume":"14 ","pages":"419-434"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10637223/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89721009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01eCollection Date: 2023-01-01DOI: 10.2147/PHMT.S427773
Biniam Seifu Debelo, Bheema Lingaiah Thamineni, Hanumesh Kumar Dasari, Ahmed Ali Dawud
Introduction: One of the most frequent neurological conditions in newborns is neonatal seizures, which may indicate severe neurological dysfunction. These seizures may have very subtle or very modest clinical indications because patterns like oscillatory (spike) trains begin with relatively low amplitude and gradually increase over time. This becomes very challenging and erroneous if clinical observation is the primary basis for identifying newborn seizures. In this study, a diagnosis system using deep convolutional neural networks is proposed to determine and classify the severity level of neonatal seizures using multichannel neonatal EEG data.
Methods: Datasets from publicly accessible online sources were used to compile clinical multichannel EEG datasets. Various preprocessing steps were taken, including the conversion of 2D time series data to equivalent waveform pictures. The proposed models have undergone training, and evaluations of their performance were conducted.
Results: The proposed CNN was used to perform binary classification with an accuracy of 92.6%, F1-score of 92.7%, specificity of 92.8%, and precision of 92.6%. To detect newborn seizures, this model is utilized. Using the proposed CNN model, multiclassification was performed with accuracy rates of 88.6%, specificity rates of 92.18%, F1-score rates of 85.61%, and precision rates of 88.9%. The results demonstrated that the suggested strategy can assist medical professionals in making accurate diagnoses close to healthcare institutions.
Conclusion: The developed system was capable of detecting neonatal seizures and has the potential to be used as a decision-making tool in resource-limited areas with a scarcity of expert neurologists.
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