Prarthana Khanna, Kaley Jenney, A. Tai, Jill L. Maron
{"title":"Salivary RNA sequencing highlights a sex-specific developmental time course towards oral feeding maturation in the newborn","authors":"Prarthana Khanna, Kaley Jenney, A. Tai, Jill L. Maron","doi":"10.21037/pm-21-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/pm-21-45","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74411,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric medicine (Hong Kong, China)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41389079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Berrin Ergun-Longmire, Patricia Vining-Maravolo, B. Graham, D. Greydanus
{"title":"A narrative review: treatment outcomes of central precocious puberty (CPP)","authors":"Berrin Ergun-Longmire, Patricia Vining-Maravolo, B. Graham, D. Greydanus","doi":"10.21037/pm-21-105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/pm-21-105","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74411,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric medicine (Hong Kong, China)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41415744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. McGrattan, Abigail Spoden, Abbey Sterkowitz, M. Gosa, Michael J Beckstrand, K. Hernandez
Background: Advancements in neonatal medicine have resulted in an increased prevalence of infants suffering from swallowing deficits. One method to treat these deficits is to provide thickened liquids through the use of anti-reflux formulas. However, little is known regarding the impact of common clinical conditions such as time since mixing, caloric density, and refrigeration on the thickness of these anti-reflux formulas. The aim of the investigation was to test the effect of clinical variables on thickness of two commonly used U.S. anti-reflux formulas (Enfamil A.R.™ and Similac Spit-Up ® ) in their ready to feed and powder formulations. Methods: Thickness of two anti-reflux formulas (Enfamil A.R.™ and Similac Spit-Up ® ) was tested in their 20 kcal/oz ready to feed formulation and at graduated caloric densities of their powder formulations (20–30 kcal/oz). Thickness was determined using International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative (IDDSI) flow testing methodology and quantified as residual volume and thickness category (thin, slightly thick, mildly thick, moderately thick). Repeated-measures and two-way ANOVA was used to test the effect of formula variables on thickness. Results: Time after mixing did not impact thickness of 20 kcal/oz ready to feed formulations (Enfamil A.R.™, slightly thick, 1.3, 1.1–1.5 mL) (Similac Spit-Up ® , thin, 0.7, 0.4–0.8 mL) though it did for Enfamil A.R.™ powder formulations as characterized by an increase in thickness from thin to slightly thick over 30 minutes. Increasing caloric density of Enfamil A.R.™ caused a stepwise increase in thickness, with thicknesses ranging from slightly thick to moderately thick at the end of the 30-minute testing period across 20–30 kcal/oz formulations. Similac Spit-Up ® did not exhibit any change in thickness based on caloric density. Both Enfamil A.R.™ and Similac Spit-Up ® showed non-significant trends of increased thickness when tested cold after three hours of refrigeration, followed by thinning close to baseline values once the formula was re-heated. Conclusions: Although Enfamil A.R.™ is a valid slightly thick liquid option in its ready to feed formulation, the validity of its powder formulation to reach slightly thick designation is dependent on its caloric density. Future investigations examining the safety of this practice are warranted.
{"title":"Validity of anti-reflux formulas as a slightly thick liquid: effect of time, caloric density, and refrigerated storage on formula thickness","authors":"K. McGrattan, Abigail Spoden, Abbey Sterkowitz, M. Gosa, Michael J Beckstrand, K. Hernandez","doi":"10.21037/pm-21-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/pm-21-44","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Advancements in neonatal medicine have resulted in an increased prevalence of infants suffering from swallowing deficits. One method to treat these deficits is to provide thickened liquids through the use of anti-reflux formulas. However, little is known regarding the impact of common clinical conditions such as time since mixing, caloric density, and refrigeration on the thickness of these anti-reflux formulas. The aim of the investigation was to test the effect of clinical variables on thickness of two commonly used U.S. anti-reflux formulas (Enfamil A.R.™ and Similac Spit-Up ® ) in their ready to feed and powder formulations. Methods: Thickness of two anti-reflux formulas (Enfamil A.R.™ and Similac Spit-Up ® ) was tested in their 20 kcal/oz ready to feed formulation and at graduated caloric densities of their powder formulations (20–30 kcal/oz). Thickness was determined using International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative (IDDSI) flow testing methodology and quantified as residual volume and thickness category (thin, slightly thick, mildly thick, moderately thick). Repeated-measures and two-way ANOVA was used to test the effect of formula variables on thickness. Results: Time after mixing did not impact thickness of 20 kcal/oz ready to feed formulations (Enfamil A.R.™, slightly thick, 1.3, 1.1–1.5 mL) (Similac Spit-Up ® , thin, 0.7, 0.4–0.8 mL) though it did for Enfamil A.R.™ powder formulations as characterized by an increase in thickness from thin to slightly thick over 30 minutes. Increasing caloric density of Enfamil A.R.™ caused a stepwise increase in thickness, with thicknesses ranging from slightly thick to moderately thick at the end of the 30-minute testing period across 20–30 kcal/oz formulations. Similac Spit-Up ® did not exhibit any change in thickness based on caloric density. Both Enfamil A.R.™ and Similac Spit-Up ® showed non-significant trends of increased thickness when tested cold after three hours of refrigeration, followed by thinning close to baseline values once the formula was re-heated. Conclusions: Although Enfamil A.R.™ is a valid slightly thick liquid option in its ready to feed formulation, the validity of its powder formulation to reach slightly thick designation is dependent on its caloric density. Future investigations examining the safety of this practice are warranted.","PeriodicalId":74411,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric medicine (Hong Kong, China)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49635101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lihua Yu, Jiale Liu, Minjie Luo, D. Lin, Li Wu, Lulu Huang, Yajie Zhang, J. Zi, Jingxin Zhang, Xuebin Liao, J. Guan, Xinde Zhao, Ming Zhou, Yong Yang, Junde Zhang, Wangming Zhang, Lihua Yang
{"title":"Diagnosis and outcomes of pediatric central nervous system tumors in China: a single-center retrospective analysis from 2015 to 2020","authors":"Lihua Yu, Jiale Liu, Minjie Luo, D. Lin, Li Wu, Lulu Huang, Yajie Zhang, J. Zi, Jingxin Zhang, Xuebin Liao, J. Guan, Xinde Zhao, Ming Zhou, Yong Yang, Junde Zhang, Wangming Zhang, Lihua Yang","doi":"10.21037/pm-21-67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/pm-21-67","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74411,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric medicine (Hong Kong, China)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48309480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Weiwei Du, Ye Lu, Fan Yang, Q. Lu, Zhiheng Li, Jun Lu, Shaoyan Hu
Background: To explore the clinical, histological, and molecular characteristics of childhood medulloblastoma (MB) and its prognosis. Methods: The authors analyzed clinical and pathological data from MB patients at Children’s Hospital of Soochow University who were diagnosed by pathology after surgical resection between November 2011 and October 2020. Results: A total of 40 patients were considered (20 males and 20 females), where the median age at MB onset was 81 months (5–163 months). Of these, complete resection was performed for 26 cases (26/40, 65%) and subtotal resection performed for 14 cases (14/40, 35%). Pathology after resection indicated that in 8 cases the MB had already metastasized. All 40 children were histologically classified, identifying: 32 cases of classic type (32/40, 80%), 6 cases of desmoplastic/nodular type (6/40, 15%), and 2 cases of anaplastic type (2/40, 5%). Molecular typing tests were performed on 19 children, identifying: 1 case in the wingless-activated (WNT-activated) group (1/19, 5.3%), 6 cases in the sonic hedgehog-activated (SHH-activated) group (6/19, 31.6%), 7 cases in Group 3 (7/19, 36.8%), and 5 cases in Group 4 (5/19, 26.3%). Of the 40 patients, 29 received a combined treatment of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, and the median follow-up time was 25 months (1–102 months). The 3-year overall survival rate (OS) and event-free survival rate (EFS) were (64.3±10.4)% and (61.8±10.3)%, respectively. Univariate analyses showed that age, clinical stage, pathological subtype, and radiotherapy were potentially relevant variables in patient prognosis (P<0.05). Cox regression analysis showed that age and tumor metastasis were independent risk factors for poor prognosis of children with MB (P<0.05). Conclusions: Metastasis and age at initial diagnosis are unfavorable factors in the prognosis of childhood MB patients; however, radiotherapy could improve the prognosis of MB patients. 8
{"title":"Clinical characteristics and prognosis of pediatric medulloblastoma: a case study of 40 patients at children’s hospital of Soochow university","authors":"Weiwei Du, Ye Lu, Fan Yang, Q. Lu, Zhiheng Li, Jun Lu, Shaoyan Hu","doi":"10.21037/pm-21-59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/pm-21-59","url":null,"abstract":"Background: To explore the clinical, histological, and molecular characteristics of childhood medulloblastoma (MB) and its prognosis. Methods: The authors analyzed clinical and pathological data from MB patients at Children’s Hospital of Soochow University who were diagnosed by pathology after surgical resection between November 2011 and October 2020. Results: A total of 40 patients were considered (20 males and 20 females), where the median age at MB onset was 81 months (5–163 months). Of these, complete resection was performed for 26 cases (26/40, 65%) and subtotal resection performed for 14 cases (14/40, 35%). Pathology after resection indicated that in 8 cases the MB had already metastasized. All 40 children were histologically classified, identifying: 32 cases of classic type (32/40, 80%), 6 cases of desmoplastic/nodular type (6/40, 15%), and 2 cases of anaplastic type (2/40, 5%). Molecular typing tests were performed on 19 children, identifying: 1 case in the wingless-activated (WNT-activated) group (1/19, 5.3%), 6 cases in the sonic hedgehog-activated (SHH-activated) group (6/19, 31.6%), 7 cases in Group 3 (7/19, 36.8%), and 5 cases in Group 4 (5/19, 26.3%). Of the 40 patients, 29 received a combined treatment of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, and the median follow-up time was 25 months (1–102 months). The 3-year overall survival rate (OS) and event-free survival rate (EFS) were (64.3±10.4)% and (61.8±10.3)%, respectively. Univariate analyses showed that age, clinical stage, pathological subtype, and radiotherapy were potentially relevant variables in patient prognosis (P<0.05). Cox regression analysis showed that age and tumor metastasis were independent risk factors for poor prognosis of children with MB (P<0.05). Conclusions: Metastasis and age at initial diagnosis are unfavorable factors in the prognosis of childhood MB patients; however, radiotherapy could improve the prognosis of MB patients. 8","PeriodicalId":74411,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric medicine (Hong Kong, China)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47527405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To provide a narrative review of the current outcomes and future trends in paediatric and congenital cardiac surgery in a historical and multidisciplinary context. To present the paradigm shift in treating congenital heart disease that translate into improved outcomes. To identify current problems with directions of research. Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect affecting approximately 1 neonate in every 120–166 births. More than half of CHD-patients need cardiac surgery in their lifetime; and half of the surgeries are required within the first six months of life. Methods: Narrative overview of the literature combining with current outcome data available from international databases is presented in comparison to the programme development of a newly-established tertiary-care centre. Conclusion: Congenital cardiac surgery is reconstructive surgery that aims for restoring biventricular circulation, when possible. Single-stage primary complete repair has become the central philosophy since the 1980s. In about thirty percent, physiologic and anatomical reasons do not permit repair by a single operation; these patients endure staged-repairs. Another 15% of CHD patients will require subsequent reoperations— mostly re-replacements of non-growing and/or deranged prostheses. Owing to advances of multidisciplinary treatment, CHD survival to adulthood now reaches 90–95% in high-income countries from less than 20% in the presurgical era. Treating CHD patients is a commitment for life. Research for viable and growing prostheses may solve the significant public health aspects currently associated with reoperations.
{"title":"Current outcomes and future trends in paediatric and congenital cardiac surgery: a narrative review","authors":"L. Kiraly","doi":"10.21037/pm-21-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/pm-21-47","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To provide a narrative review of the current outcomes and future trends in paediatric and congenital cardiac surgery in a historical and multidisciplinary context. To present the paradigm shift in treating congenital heart disease that translate into improved outcomes. To identify current problems with directions of research. Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect affecting approximately 1 neonate in every 120–166 births. More than half of CHD-patients need cardiac surgery in their lifetime; and half of the surgeries are required within the first six months of life. Methods: Narrative overview of the literature combining with current outcome data available from international databases is presented in comparison to the programme development of a newly-established tertiary-care centre. Conclusion: Congenital cardiac surgery is reconstructive surgery that aims for restoring biventricular circulation, when possible. Single-stage primary complete repair has become the central philosophy since the 1980s. In about thirty percent, physiologic and anatomical reasons do not permit repair by a single operation; these patients endure staged-repairs. Another 15% of CHD patients will require subsequent reoperations— mostly re-replacements of non-growing and/or deranged prostheses. Owing to advances of multidisciplinary treatment, CHD survival to adulthood now reaches 90–95% in high-income countries from less than 20% in the presurgical era. Treating CHD patients is a commitment for life. Research for viable and growing prostheses may solve the significant public health aspects currently associated with reoperations.","PeriodicalId":74411,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric medicine (Hong Kong, China)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45262613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yan Su, Shuai Zhu, Jing Qin, M. Ge, Yuan-qi Ji, Jian Gong, Tong Yu, Libing Fu, Zhikai Liu, Xiao-li Ma
Background: Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor. This study systematically summarized the clinical characteristics and prognosis of children with MB respectively. Univariate survival analysis identified age <3 years and the absence of radiotherapy as poor prognostic factors (both P<0.05). Conclusions: Survival outcomes were good among patients with MB (MB) in our center. Young age and the omission of radiotherapy may be predictive of poor outcomes.
{"title":"Clinical features and prognostic analysis of children with medulloblastoma in a single center in China","authors":"Yan Su, Shuai Zhu, Jing Qin, M. Ge, Yuan-qi Ji, Jian Gong, Tong Yu, Libing Fu, Zhikai Liu, Xiao-li Ma","doi":"10.21037/pm-21-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/pm-21-34","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor. This study systematically summarized the clinical characteristics and prognosis of children with MB respectively. Univariate survival analysis identified age <3 years and the absence of radiotherapy as poor prognostic factors (both P<0.05). Conclusions: Survival outcomes were good among patients with MB (MB) in our center. Young age and the omission of radiotherapy may be predictive of poor outcomes.","PeriodicalId":74411,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric medicine (Hong Kong, China)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44281136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Motoichiro Sakurai, Yuko Sakurai, Y. Wada, Yuuki Tani, K. Mizuno
A hospital-dedicated human milk bank was established in Japan at Koto Toyosu Hospital, Showa University in 2014. After a 3-year trial-and-error period, the Japanese Human Milk Bank Association was established in 2017. The supply of donor human milk (DHM) from the Japanese Human Milk Bank Association to various facilities nationwide has increased recently. However, as of 2021, there is only one human milk bank in Japan and the supply is limited. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand the status of usage of DHM in the neonatal intensive care unit. Moreover, it is globally rare to build a database aimed at understanding the background and prognosis of all children supplied with DHM. In this paper, we have introduced the database and reported on aspects such as the salient points considered in building this database. The fundamental policy of this database included the following: (I) accessibility from the neonatal intensive care unit, (II) a simple input method, (III) reliability and continuity, (IV) safeguarding anonymity, (V) enriched search functionality, and (VI) enabling administration by the person in charge at each facility. In accordance with these six policies, the main items such as patient clinical information, DHM usage amount, and prognosis were set. In addition, the database was built to enable detailed search. The database was completed and became operational in November 2020. The input format was simplified as much as possible by adopting a selection-from-options approach. Enriched search functionality was implemented considering the function as a database in each facility. This database has enabled the proper operation of the human milk bank, and it would likely contribute further to perinatal care outcomes.
{"title":"An attempt at building a database of children using donor human milk in Japan","authors":"Motoichiro Sakurai, Yuko Sakurai, Y. Wada, Yuuki Tani, K. Mizuno","doi":"10.21037/pm-21-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/pm-21-31","url":null,"abstract":"A hospital-dedicated human milk bank was established in Japan at Koto Toyosu Hospital, Showa University in 2014. After a 3-year trial-and-error period, the Japanese Human Milk Bank Association was established in 2017. The supply of donor human milk (DHM) from the Japanese Human Milk Bank Association to various facilities nationwide has increased recently. However, as of 2021, there is only one human milk bank in Japan and the supply is limited. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand the status of usage of DHM in the neonatal intensive care unit. Moreover, it is globally rare to build a database aimed at understanding the background and prognosis of all children supplied with DHM. In this paper, we have introduced the database and reported on aspects such as the salient points considered in building this database. The fundamental policy of this database included the following: (I) accessibility from the neonatal intensive care unit, (II) a simple input method, (III) reliability and continuity, (IV) safeguarding anonymity, (V) enriched search functionality, and (VI) enabling administration by the person in charge at each facility. In accordance with these six policies, the main items such as patient clinical information, DHM usage amount, and prognosis were set. In addition, the database was built to enable detailed search. The database was completed and became operational in November 2020. The input format was simplified as much as possible by adopting a selection-from-options approach. Enriched search functionality was implemented considering the function as a database in each facility. This database has enabled the proper operation of the human milk bank, and it would likely contribute further to perinatal care outcomes.","PeriodicalId":74411,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric medicine (Hong Kong, China)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43264333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas e do Medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal Contributions: (I) Conception and design: Both authors; (II) Administrative support: None; (III) Provision of study materials or patients: None; (IV) Collection and assembly of data: Both authors; (V) Data analysis and interpretation: None; (VI) Manuscript writing: Both authors; (VII) Final Approval of manuscript: Both authors. Correspondence to: Dora Brites. Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal. Email: dbrites@ff.ulisboa.pt.
{"title":"Bilirubin neurotoxicity: a narrative review on long lasting, insidious, and dangerous effects","authors":"D. Brites, Rui F. M. Silva","doi":"10.21037/pm-21-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/pm-21-37","url":null,"abstract":"Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas e do Medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal Contributions: (I) Conception and design: Both authors; (II) Administrative support: None; (III) Provision of study materials or patients: None; (IV) Collection and assembly of data: Both authors; (V) Data analysis and interpretation: None; (VI) Manuscript writing: Both authors; (VII) Final Approval of manuscript: Both authors. Correspondence to: Dora Brites. Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal. Email: dbrites@ff.ulisboa.pt.","PeriodicalId":74411,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric medicine (Hong Kong, China)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48405368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: About 40 million children were displaced by disasters in 2020. Displacements associated with natural disasters may be relatively short. Those associated with war and terrorism may continue for a lifetime. Most children experience acute psychologic distress when there is a sudden, unexpected move, regardless of the cause. Depending on pre-existing personality factors, family support, length of displacement and prior trauma, children may develop long term mental health problems, including post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Early identification of psychologic distress and appropriate care of affected children can facilitate resilience and reduce long term problems. Persons who help children in the aftermath of disasters should be prepared to provide basic needs of children, help parents (including provision of respite time), screen for psychologic distress in children and parents, use a trauma informed approach in speaking with children, and provide safe play and recreation opportunities. They should also be aware of cultural differences and practices in their development of programs. This paper provides information about types of disasters, international humanitarian law, types of mental health issues experienced by children in disaster situations, screening tools that may be helpful in assessment of mental health issues, and acute interventions that may reduce long term psychological trauma. Relief workers should recognize that they may also be a risk for psychologic distress related to the tragic situations they experience as well as to their own fatigue. There is a great need for more training of relief workers about the mental health issues of children who experience disasters and for training to prevent mental health distress in relief workers.
{"title":"Children’s mental health at times of disasters","authors":"K. Olness","doi":"10.21037/PM-20-85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/PM-20-85","url":null,"abstract":": About 40 million children were displaced by disasters in 2020. Displacements associated with natural disasters may be relatively short. Those associated with war and terrorism may continue for a lifetime. Most children experience acute psychologic distress when there is a sudden, unexpected move, regardless of the cause. Depending on pre-existing personality factors, family support, length of displacement and prior trauma, children may develop long term mental health problems, including post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Early identification of psychologic distress and appropriate care of affected children can facilitate resilience and reduce long term problems. Persons who help children in the aftermath of disasters should be prepared to provide basic needs of children, help parents (including provision of respite time), screen for psychologic distress in children and parents, use a trauma informed approach in speaking with children, and provide safe play and recreation opportunities. They should also be aware of cultural differences and practices in their development of programs. This paper provides information about types of disasters, international humanitarian law, types of mental health issues experienced by children in disaster situations, screening tools that may be helpful in assessment of mental health issues, and acute interventions that may reduce long term psychological trauma. Relief workers should recognize that they may also be a risk for psychologic distress related to the tragic situations they experience as well as to their own fatigue. There is a great need for more training of relief workers about the mental health issues of children who experience disasters and for training to prevent mental health distress in relief workers.","PeriodicalId":74411,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric medicine (Hong Kong, China)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41621274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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