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Regularized Patch Motion Estimation 正则化Patch运动估计
I. Patras, M. Worring
This paper presents a new formulation of the problem of motion estimation which attempts to give solutions to classical problems in the field, such as detection of motion discontinuities and insufficiency of the optical flow constraint in areas with low intensity variation. An initial intensity segmentation phase partitions each frame into patches so that areas with low intensity variation are guaranteed to belong to the same patch. A parametric model is assumedto describe the motion of each patch. Regularization in the motion parameter space provides the additional constraints for patches where the intensity variation is insufficient to constrain the estimation of the motion parameters and smooths the corresponding motion field. In orderto preserve motion discontinuities we use robust functions as a regularization mean. Experimental results show that the proposed method deals successfully with motions large in magnitude, motion discontinuities and produces accurate piecewise smooth motion fields.
本文提出了运动估计问题的一个新公式,试图解决运动估计领域的经典问题,如运动不连续的检测和光流约束在低强度变化区域的不足。初始强度分割阶段将每帧图像分割成小块,以保证强度变化小的区域属于同一个小块。假设一个参数模型来描述每个小块的运动。运动参数空间的正则化为强度变化不足以约束运动参数估计的斑块提供了额外的约束,并平滑了相应的运动场。为了保持运动不连续,我们使用鲁棒函数作为正则化均值。实验结果表明,该方法能有效地处理大幅度运动和运动不连续的情况,并能得到精确的分段平滑运动场。
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引用次数: 2
Experiments in Transform-Based Range Image Compression 基于变换的距离图像压缩实验
Richard J. Campbell, P. Flynn
Range images (depth maps) are seeing increased usage in a variety of application areas including entertainment, industrial automation, inspection, remote sensing, and military tactical planning. As the corpus of range imagery increases in size and the need to communicate such images over fixed-bandwidth channels increases, the compression of range data deserves investigation. Since the geometry encoded by range sensors is inherently "low-bandwidth", transform-based techniques seem appropriate for investigation in this context. This paper reports on experiments with a popular zerotree-based image codec (the SPIHT algorithm developed by Said and Pearlman) and its application to the compression of range imagery. Experiments suggest that compression rates of 1 bit/pixel and below are achievable with minimal impact on fidelity.
距离图像(深度图)在各种应用领域的使用越来越多,包括娱乐、工业自动化、检查、遥感和军事战术规划。随着距离图像语料库规模的增加以及在固定带宽信道上传输这些图像的需求的增加,距离数据的压缩值得研究。由于距离传感器编码的几何图形本质上是“低带宽”的,基于变换的技术似乎适合在这种情况下进行研究。本文报道了一种流行的基于零树的图像编解码器(由Said和Pearlman开发的SPIHT算法)的实验及其在距离图像压缩中的应用。实验表明,在对保真度影响最小的情况下,可以实现1比特/像素及以下的压缩率。
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引用次数: 1
Recognition of Free-Form Objects in Dense Range Data Using Local Features 基于局部特征的密集距离数据中自由形状物体的识别
Richard J. Campbell, P. Flynn
Describes a system for recognizing free-form 3D objects in dense range data employing local features and object-centered geometric models. Local features are extracted from range images and object models using curvature analysis, and variability in feature size is accommodated by decomposition of features into sub-features. Shape indices and other attributes provide a basis for correspondence between compatible image and model features and subfeatures, as well as pruning of invalid correspondences. A verification step provides a final ranking of object identity and pose hypotheses. The evaluation system contained 10 free-form objects and was tested using 10 range images with two objects from the database in each image. Comments address strengths of the proposed technique as well as areas for future improvement.
描述用于在密集范围数据中使用局部特征和以对象为中心的几何模型识别自由形式3D对象的系统。利用曲率分析从距离图像和目标模型中提取局部特征,并通过将特征分解为子特征来适应特征尺寸的可变性。形状索引和其他属性为兼容的图像和模型特征及其子特征之间的对应以及无效对应的修剪提供了基础。验证步骤提供对象身份的最终排名并提出假设。评估系统包含10个自由形式的对象,并使用10个范围图像进行测试,每个图像中有两个来自数据库的对象。评论指出了所建议的技术的优点以及未来需要改进的地方。
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引用次数: 9
An Approximative Calculation of Relative Convex Hulls for Surface Area Estimation of 3D Digital Objects 三维数字物体表面积估算中相对凸壳的近似计算
Linjiang Yu, R. Klette
Relative convex hulls have been suggested for multigrid-convergent surface area estimation. Besides the existence of a convergence theorem there is no efficient algorithmic solution so far for calculating relative convex hulls. This article discusses an approximative solution based on minimum-length polygon calculations. It is illustrated that this approximative calculation also proves (experimentally) to provide a multigrid convergent measurement. 1 Center for Image Technology and Robotics Tamaki Campus, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. lyu011@ec.auckland.ac.nz and r.klette@auckland.ac.nz You are granted permission for the non-commercial reproduction, distribution, display, and performance of this technical report in any format, BUT this permission is only for a period of 45 (forty-five) days from the most recent time that you verified that this technical report is still available from the CITR Tamaki web site under terms that include this permission. All other rights are reserved by the author(s). An Approximative Calculation of Relative Convex Hulls for Surface Area Estimation Linjiang Yu and Reinhard Klette
在多网格收敛的曲面面积估计中提出了相对凸包。除了存在一个收敛定理外,目前还没有计算相对凸包的有效算法。本文讨论了一种基于最小长度多边形计算的近似解。实验结果表明,这种近似计算方法可以提供多网格收敛测量。1奥克兰大学Tamaki校区图像技术与机器人中心,奥克兰,新西兰。lyu011@ec.auckland.ac.nz和r.klette@auckland.ac.nz您被授予以任何形式对本技术报告进行非商业复制、分发、展示和表演的许可,但此许可有效期为45(四十五)天,从您最近一次确认本技术报告仍可从CITR Tamaki网站获得之日起,且该许可的条款包括此许可。所有其他权利由作者保留。相对凸壳在表面积估计中的近似计算
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引用次数: 11
Multiscale Surface Organization and Description for Free Form bject Recognition 自由形状物体识别的多尺度表面组织与描述
K. Boyer, Ravi Srikantiah, P. Flynn
We introduce an efficient, robust means to obtain reliable surface descriptions, suitable for free form object recognition, at multiple scales from range data. Mean and Gaussian curvatures are used to segment the surface into four saliency classes based on curvature consistency as evaluated in a robust multivoting scheme. Contiguous regions consistent in both mean and Gaussian curvature are identified as the most homogeneous segments, followed by those consistent in mean curvature but not Gaussian curvature, followed by those consistent in Gaussian curvature only. Segments at each level of the hierarchy are extracted in the order of size, large to small, such that the most salient features of the surface are recovered first. This has potential for efficient object recognition by stopping once a just sufficient description is extracted.
我们引入了一种高效、鲁棒的方法,从距离数据中获得可靠的表面描述,适用于多尺度的自由形式物体识别。根据鲁棒多投票方案评估的曲率一致性,使用平均曲率和高斯曲率将表面划分为四个显著性类。连续的平均曲率和高斯曲率一致的区域被认为是最均匀的区段,其次是平均曲率一致但不一致的区段,最后是仅高斯曲率一致的区段。每个层次上的片段按照大小从大到小的顺序提取,以便首先恢复表面最显著的特征。这有可能通过在提取到足够的描述后停止进行有效的对象识别。
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引用次数: 1
Progress in Automated Evaluation of Curved Surface Range Image Segmentation 曲面距离图像分割的自动评价研究进展
Jaesik Min, M. Powell, K. Bowyer
We have developed an automated framework for performance evaluation of curved-surface range image segmentation algorithms. Enhancements over our previous work include automated training of parameter values, correcting the artifact problem in K/sup 2/T scanner images, and acquisition of images of the same scenes from different range scanners. The image dataset includes planar, spherical, cylindrical, conical, and toroidal surfaces. We have evaluated the automated parameter tuning technique and found that it compares favorably with manual parameter tuning. We present initial results from comparing curved-surface segmenters by Besl and Jain (1988) and by Jiang and Bunke (1998).
我们开发了一个用于曲面距离图像分割算法性能评估的自动化框架。与我们之前的工作相比,我们的改进包括参数值的自动训练,纠正K/sup 2/T扫描仪图像中的伪影问题,以及从不同范围的扫描仪获取相同场景的图像。图像数据集包括平面、球面、圆柱面、圆锥面和环形面。我们已经评估了自动参数调优技术,发现它比手动参数调优更有利。我们提出了比较Besl和Jain(1988)以及Jiang和Bunke(1998)的曲面分段的初步结果。
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引用次数: 12
Snakes and Spiders 蛇和蜘蛛
B. McCane
Intensity information is a strong cue for segmentation but on its own cannot be used to distinguish between accidental and non-accidental alignments in a scene, thus resulting in incorrect segmentations. However, motion information can be used to distinguish between accidental and nonaccidental alignments. In this paper an integrated method using both intensity and motion information for the segmentation and tracking of objects in a sequence is presented. The method is based on an extension to active contours (snakes) called spiders. This paper deals with the problems of motion tracking and object segmentation in an integrated common framework. The techniques presented here are based on the observation that segmentation is easier if features have already been successfully tracked over several frames, and tracking is easier if segmentation has already been performed. This suggests an integrated approach to both problems. Feature points on a single rigid object are often connected by quite strong edges and this can be used as a useful cue for segmentation. However, accidental alignment may also cause feature points on separate objects to be connected by a strong edge, so any segmentation using edge strength between feature points will not be able to discriminate between real connections and accidental ones. On the other hand, tracking of moving objects over an image sequence will eventually lead to any accidental alignments becoming non-aligned. Therefore, it seems reasonable to expect that reliable segmentation (and therefore tracking) is best achieved using a combination of intensity and motion cues. It is this conjecture which is addressed in this paper. Motion based segmentation techniques typically come in two flavours: region based methods (usually based on optical flow); and feature based methods. This paper describes a system of the latter type. Combined techniques are also possible and Paragios and Deriche [6] describe a promising technique using an extension of geodesic active contours for segmentation and tracking in a video surveillance application. Although it appears to work very well, their method relies on relatively static backgrounds common in surveillance applications. In contrast, the technique presented in this paper does not rely on static backgrounds and is therefore likely to be more useful for mobile robotic applications. Smith and Brady [8] describe ASSET-2, a real time motion segmenter and tracker. ASSET-2 utilises corner points which are matched between frames and clustered to produce an object segmentation. The object clusters are then used to improve the reliability of tracking in future frames. The limitation of this system is that until reliable clusters are formed, each feature must be tracked individually. Of course, it is more difficult to track individual features robustly. The system described in this paper does not suffer from this limitation since features are initially tracked dependent on their neighbours ac
强度信息是一个强大的分割线索,但它本身不能用于区分场景中的偶然和非偶然对齐,从而导致不正确的分割。然而,运动信息可以用来区分意外和非意外对齐。本文提出了一种综合利用强度和运动信息对序列中目标进行分割和跟踪的方法。该方法基于对活动轮廓(蛇)的扩展,称为蜘蛛。本文在一个集成的通用框架下研究运动跟踪和目标分割问题。这里介绍的技术是基于这样的观察:如果特征已经成功地跟踪了几帧,那么分割就更容易,如果已经执行了分割,那么跟踪就更容易。这就提出了解决这两个问题的综合方法。单个刚性对象上的特征点通常由相当强的边缘连接,这可以用作分割的有用线索。然而,意外对齐也可能导致单独对象上的特征点被强边缘连接起来,因此使用特征点之间的边缘强度进行分割将无法区分真实连接和意外连接。另一方面,在图像序列上跟踪运动物体最终将导致任何意外对齐变为非对齐。因此,期望可靠的分割(以及跟踪)最好使用强度和运动线索的组合来实现似乎是合理的。本文讨论的就是这个猜想。基于运动的分割技术通常有两种:基于区域的方法(通常基于光流);以及基于特征的方法。本文介绍了后一种类型的系统。组合技术也是可能的,Paragios和Deriche[6]描述了一种很有前途的技术,在视频监控应用中使用扩展的测地线活动轮廓进行分割和跟踪。虽然看起来效果很好,但他们的方法依赖于监控应用中常见的相对静态背景。相比之下,本文中提出的技术不依赖于静态背景,因此可能对移动机器人应用更有用。Smith和Brady[8]描述了实时运动分割和跟踪器ASSET-2。ASSET-2利用在帧和集群之间匹配的角点来产生对象分割。然后使用目标簇来提高未来帧跟踪的可靠性。该系统的局限性在于,在形成可靠的集群之前,必须单独跟踪每个特征。当然,要鲁棒地跟踪单个特征是比较困难的。本文中描述的系统没有受到这种限制,因为特征最初是根据连接任意两个特征的强度信息依赖于它们的邻居来跟踪的。换句话说,由强边连接的角点将在随后的帧中试图保持相似的距离。
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引用次数: 6
Issues and Directions in Visual Information Retrieval 视觉信息检索中的问题与方向
A. Bimbo
Visual information retrieval is attracting an increasing number of researchers from disparate fields, like image analysis, computer vision, databases, knowledge representation, artificial intelligence, man-machine interaction. Although a number of prototype systems have been made available, nevertheless this discipline has not yet reached a mature stage, and overall has not yet been credited as of concrete use in practical applications. Among the very many different lines of development we focus particularly on the importance of bridging the semantic gap between the user and visual information retrieval systems. We focus on usage of semiotics as a framework for extraction of semantics, graphs and graph matching as the representation model and retrieval engine and visualization spaces to capture semantics during the interaction.
视觉信息检索正吸引着越来越多来自图像分析、计算机视觉、数据库、知识表示、人工智能、人机交互等不同领域的研究者。虽然已经有了一些原型系统,但是这门学科还没有达到成熟的阶段,总的来说还没有被认为在实际应用中有具体的用途。在许多不同的发展路线中,我们特别关注弥合用户和视觉信息检索系统之间语义差距的重要性。我们着重于使用符号学作为语义提取的框架,使用图形和图形匹配作为表示模型,使用检索引擎和可视化空间来捕获交互过程中的语义。
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引用次数: 5
Ink-Link Ink-Link
A. El-Nasan, G. Nagy
Wide acceptance of inexpensive writing tablets with high functionality motivates the development of individualized, adaptive on-line recognition of cursive script. We demonstrate a lexical algorithm based on bigram matches. The solution we propose is to (i) Generate a match list by partial-word matching against a reference list in the owner's script. (ii) Identify each unknown word by eliminating, from a large lexicon, every word that partially matches the transcript of any word on the reference list that is not on the match list, or that fails to match any word on the match list. With perfect feature-level matching, a surprisingly short reference list yields a high recognition rate.
价格低廉、功能强大的书写平板的广泛接受,推动了草书个性化、自适应在线识别技术的发展。我们展示了一个基于双字匹配的词法算法。我们提出的解决方案是:(i)通过对所有者脚本中的引用列表进行部分单词匹配来生成匹配列表。(ii)通过从大型词典中剔除与参考列表中不在匹配列表上的单词的部分匹配,或与匹配列表中任何单词都不匹配的单词,来识别每个未知单词。通过完美的特征级匹配,短得惊人的参考列表产生了高识别率。
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引用次数: 7
Guaranteed geometric hashing 保证几何哈希
Matthew P. Howell, P. Flynn
Geometric hashing is an invariant feature-driven approach to model-based object recognition. Previous interest has focused on its ability to accommodate sensor error. This paper presents an enhancement of the geometric hashing technique which guarantees, under only a few constraints, that models will not be missed due to sensor noise. The authors' geometric hashing algorithm enters model affine invariants into hash table regions defined by an exact error model, brings together known optimizations (table symmetry and the use of more than 3 model-scene point correspondences) and uses novel data organization. Experimental results (on both synthetic and real data) suggest that the authors' modifications to a geometric hashing recognition scheme effectively overcome sensor noise.
几何哈希是一种基于模型的物体识别的不变特征驱动方法。以前的兴趣集中在它适应传感器误差的能力上。本文提出了一种几何哈希技术的改进,它保证了在少数约束条件下,模型不会因为传感器噪声而丢失。作者的几何哈希算法将模型仿射不变量输入到由精确误差模型定义的哈希表区域中,汇集了已知的优化(表对称和使用超过3个模型-场景点对应),并使用新的数据组织。实验结果(在合成数据和实际数据上)表明,作者对几何哈希识别方案的改进有效地克服了传感器噪声。
{"title":"Guaranteed geometric hashing","authors":"Matthew P. Howell, P. Flynn","doi":"10.1109/ICPR.1994.576327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPR.1994.576327","url":null,"abstract":"Geometric hashing is an invariant feature-driven approach to model-based object recognition. Previous interest has focused on its ability to accommodate sensor error. This paper presents an enhancement of the geometric hashing technique which guarantees, under only a few constraints, that models will not be missed due to sensor noise. The authors' geometric hashing algorithm enters model affine invariants into hash table regions defined by an exact error model, brings together known optimizations (table symmetry and the use of more than 3 model-scene point correspondences) and uses novel data organization. Experimental results (on both synthetic and real data) suggest that the authors' modifications to a geometric hashing recognition scheme effectively overcome sensor noise.","PeriodicalId":74516,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ... IAPR International Conference on Pattern Recognition. International Conference on Pattern Recognition","volume":"265 1","pages":"465-469"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77814659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
期刊
Proceedings of the ... IAPR International Conference on Pattern Recognition. International Conference on Pattern Recognition
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