Pub Date : 2023-03-27DOI: 10.1103/PRXQuantum.4.030318
Tsung-Cheng Lu, Zhehao Zhang, S. Vijay, T. Hsieh
We propose a general framework for using local measurements, local unitaries, and non-local classical communication to construct quantum channels which can efficiently prepare mixed states with long-range quantum order or quantum criticality. As an illustration, symmetry-protected topological (SPT) phases can be universally converted into mixed-states with long-range entanglement, which can undergo phase transitions with quantum critical correlations of local operators and a logarithmic scaling of the entanglement negativity, despite coexisting with volume-law entropy. Within the same framework, we present two applications using fermion occupation number measurement to convert (i) spinful free fermions in one dimension into a quantum-critical mixed state with enhanced algebraic correlations between spins and (ii) Chern insulators into a mixed state with critical quantum correlations in the bulk. The latter is an example where mixed-state quantum criticality can emerge from a gapped state of matter in constant depth using local quantum operations and non-local classical communication.
{"title":"Mixed-State Long-Range Order and Criticality from Measurement and Feedback","authors":"Tsung-Cheng Lu, Zhehao Zhang, S. Vijay, T. Hsieh","doi":"10.1103/PRXQuantum.4.030318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PRXQuantum.4.030318","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a general framework for using local measurements, local unitaries, and non-local classical communication to construct quantum channels which can efficiently prepare mixed states with long-range quantum order or quantum criticality. As an illustration, symmetry-protected topological (SPT) phases can be universally converted into mixed-states with long-range entanglement, which can undergo phase transitions with quantum critical correlations of local operators and a logarithmic scaling of the entanglement negativity, despite coexisting with volume-law entropy. Within the same framework, we present two applications using fermion occupation number measurement to convert (i) spinful free fermions in one dimension into a quantum-critical mixed state with enhanced algebraic correlations between spins and (ii) Chern insulators into a mixed state with critical quantum correlations in the bulk. The latter is an example where mixed-state quantum criticality can emerge from a gapped state of matter in constant depth using local quantum operations and non-local classical communication.","PeriodicalId":74587,"journal":{"name":"PRX quantum : a Physical Review journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47210717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-22DOI: 10.1103/PRXQuantum.4.020353
Krzysztof Ptaszyński, M. Esposito
As previously demonstrated, the entropy production -- a key quantity characterizing the irreversibility of thermodynamic processes -- is related to generation of correlations between degrees of freedom of the system and its thermal environment. This raises the question of whether such correlations are of a classical or quantum nature, namely, whether they are accessible through local measurements on the correlated degrees of freedom. We address this problem by considering fermionic and bosonic Gaussian systems. We show that for fermions the entropy production is mostly quantum due to the parity superselection rule which restricts the set of physically allowed measurements to projections on the Fock states, thus significantly limiting the amount of classically accessible correlations. In contrast, in bosonic systems a much larger amount of correlations can be accessed through Gaussian measurements. Specifically, while the quantum contribution may be important at low temperatures, in the high temperature limit the entropy production corresponds to purely classical position-momentum correlations. Our results demonstrate an important difference between fermionic and bosonic systems regarding the existence of a quantum-to-classical transition in the microscopic formulation of the entropy production. They also show that entropy production can be mainly caused by quantum correlations even in the weak coupling limit, which admits a description in terms of classical rate equations for state populations, as well as in the low particle density limit, where the transport properties of both bosons and fermions converge to those of classical particles.
{"title":"Quantum and Classical Contributions to Entropy Production in Fermionic and Bosonic Gaussian Systems","authors":"Krzysztof Ptaszyński, M. Esposito","doi":"10.1103/PRXQuantum.4.020353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PRXQuantum.4.020353","url":null,"abstract":"As previously demonstrated, the entropy production -- a key quantity characterizing the irreversibility of thermodynamic processes -- is related to generation of correlations between degrees of freedom of the system and its thermal environment. This raises the question of whether such correlations are of a classical or quantum nature, namely, whether they are accessible through local measurements on the correlated degrees of freedom. We address this problem by considering fermionic and bosonic Gaussian systems. We show that for fermions the entropy production is mostly quantum due to the parity superselection rule which restricts the set of physically allowed measurements to projections on the Fock states, thus significantly limiting the amount of classically accessible correlations. In contrast, in bosonic systems a much larger amount of correlations can be accessed through Gaussian measurements. Specifically, while the quantum contribution may be important at low temperatures, in the high temperature limit the entropy production corresponds to purely classical position-momentum correlations. Our results demonstrate an important difference between fermionic and bosonic systems regarding the existence of a quantum-to-classical transition in the microscopic formulation of the entropy production. They also show that entropy production can be mainly caused by quantum correlations even in the weak coupling limit, which admits a description in terms of classical rate equations for state populations, as well as in the low particle density limit, where the transport properties of both bosons and fermions converge to those of classical particles.","PeriodicalId":74587,"journal":{"name":"PRX quantum : a Physical Review journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43842302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.1103/prxquantum.4.030320
Yi-Long Yang, Arthur Christianen, Sandra Coll-Vinent, V. Smelyanskiy, M. Bañuls, T. O’Brien, D. Wild, J. I. Cirac
Quantum simulation is one of the most promising scientific applications of quantum computers. Due to decoherence and noise in current devices, it is however challenging to perform digital quantum simulation in a regime that is intractable with classical computers. In this work, we propose an experimental protocol for probing dynamics and equilibrium properties on near-term digital quantum computers. As a key ingredient of our work, we show that it is possible to study thermalization even with a relatively coarse Trotter decomposition of the Hamiltonian evolution of interest. Even though the step size is too large to permit a rigorous bound on the Trotter error, we observe that the system prethermalizes in accordance with previous results for Floquet systems. The dynamics closely resemble the thermalization of the model underlying the Trotterization up to long times. We extend the reach of our approach by developing an error mitigation scheme based on measurement and rescaling of survival probabilities. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the entire protocol, we apply it to the two-dimensional XY model and numerically verify its performance with realistic noise parameters for superconducting quantum devices. Our proposal thus provides a route to achieving quantum advantage for relevant problems in condensed matter physics.
{"title":"Simulating Prethermalization Using Near-Term Quantum Computers","authors":"Yi-Long Yang, Arthur Christianen, Sandra Coll-Vinent, V. Smelyanskiy, M. Bañuls, T. O’Brien, D. Wild, J. I. Cirac","doi":"10.1103/prxquantum.4.030320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/prxquantum.4.030320","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum simulation is one of the most promising scientific applications of quantum computers. Due to decoherence and noise in current devices, it is however challenging to perform digital quantum simulation in a regime that is intractable with classical computers. In this work, we propose an experimental protocol for probing dynamics and equilibrium properties on near-term digital quantum computers. As a key ingredient of our work, we show that it is possible to study thermalization even with a relatively coarse Trotter decomposition of the Hamiltonian evolution of interest. Even though the step size is too large to permit a rigorous bound on the Trotter error, we observe that the system prethermalizes in accordance with previous results for Floquet systems. The dynamics closely resemble the thermalization of the model underlying the Trotterization up to long times. We extend the reach of our approach by developing an error mitigation scheme based on measurement and rescaling of survival probabilities. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the entire protocol, we apply it to the two-dimensional XY model and numerically verify its performance with realistic noise parameters for superconducting quantum devices. Our proposal thus provides a route to achieving quantum advantage for relevant problems in condensed matter physics.","PeriodicalId":74587,"journal":{"name":"PRX quantum : a Physical Review journal","volume":"409 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62088233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-13DOI: 10.1103/PRXQuantum.4.030326
Uesli Alushi, T. Ramos, Juan Jos'e Garc'ia-Ripoll, R. Di Candia, S. Felicetti
Quadratic light-matter interactions are nonlinear couplings such that quantum emitters interact with photonic or phononic modes exclusively via the exchange of excitation pairs. Implementable with atomic and solid-state systems, these couplings lead to a plethora of phenomena that have been characterized in the context of cavity QED, where quantum emitters interact with localized bosonic modes. Here, we explore quadratic interactions in a waveguide QED setting, where quantum emitters interact with propagating fields confined in a one-dimensional environment. We develop a general scattering theory under the Markov approximation and discuss paradigmatic examples for spontaneous emission and scattering of biphoton states. Our analytical and semi-analytical results unveil fundamental differences with respect to conventional waveguide QED systems, such as the spontaneous emission of frequency-entangled photon pairs or the full transparency of the emitter to single-photon inputs. This unlocks new opportunities in quantum information processing with propagating photons. As a striking example, we show that a single quadratically-coupled emitter can implement a two-photon logic gate with unit fidelity, circumventing a no-go theorem derived for conventional waveguide-QED interactions.
{"title":"Waveguide QED with Quadratic Light-Matter Interactions","authors":"Uesli Alushi, T. Ramos, Juan Jos'e Garc'ia-Ripoll, R. Di Candia, S. Felicetti","doi":"10.1103/PRXQuantum.4.030326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PRXQuantum.4.030326","url":null,"abstract":"Quadratic light-matter interactions are nonlinear couplings such that quantum emitters interact with photonic or phononic modes exclusively via the exchange of excitation pairs. Implementable with atomic and solid-state systems, these couplings lead to a plethora of phenomena that have been characterized in the context of cavity QED, where quantum emitters interact with localized bosonic modes. Here, we explore quadratic interactions in a waveguide QED setting, where quantum emitters interact with propagating fields confined in a one-dimensional environment. We develop a general scattering theory under the Markov approximation and discuss paradigmatic examples for spontaneous emission and scattering of biphoton states. Our analytical and semi-analytical results unveil fundamental differences with respect to conventional waveguide QED systems, such as the spontaneous emission of frequency-entangled photon pairs or the full transparency of the emitter to single-photon inputs. This unlocks new opportunities in quantum information processing with propagating photons. As a striking example, we show that a single quadratically-coupled emitter can implement a two-photon logic gate with unit fidelity, circumventing a no-go theorem derived for conventional waveguide-QED interactions.","PeriodicalId":74587,"journal":{"name":"PRX quantum : a Physical Review journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45072271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-06DOI: 10.1103/prxquantum.4.010202
Rebecca E. K. Fishman, Raj N. Patel, David A. Hopper, Tzu-Yung Huang, L. Bassett
{"title":"Photon-Emission-Correlation Spectroscopy as an Analytical Tool for Solid-State Quantum Defects","authors":"Rebecca E. K. Fishman, Raj N. Patel, David A. Hopper, Tzu-Yung Huang, L. Bassett","doi":"10.1103/prxquantum.4.010202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/prxquantum.4.010202","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74587,"journal":{"name":"PRX quantum : a Physical Review journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47687784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.1103/PRXQuantum.4.030306
D. D. Bernardis, F. Piccioli, P. Rabl, I. Carusotto
We study light-matter interactions in the bulk of a two-dimensional photonic lattice system, where photons are subject to the combined effect of a synthetic magnetic field and an orthogonal synthetic electric field. In this configuration, chiral waveguide modes appear in the bulk region of the lattice, in direct analogy to transverse Hall currents in electronic systems. By evaluating the non-Markovian dynamics of emitters that are coupled to those modes, we identify critical coupling conditions, under which the shape of the spontaneously emitted photons becomes almost fully symmetric. Combined with a directional, dispersionless propagation, this property enables a complete reabsorption of the photon by another distant emitter, without relying on any time-dependent control. We show that this mechanism can be generalized to arbitrary in-plane synthetic potentials, thereby enabling flexible realizations of re-configurable networks of quantum emitters with arbitrary chiral connectivity.
{"title":"Chiral Quantum Optics in the Bulk of Photonic Quantum Hall Systems","authors":"D. D. Bernardis, F. Piccioli, P. Rabl, I. Carusotto","doi":"10.1103/PRXQuantum.4.030306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PRXQuantum.4.030306","url":null,"abstract":"We study light-matter interactions in the bulk of a two-dimensional photonic lattice system, where photons are subject to the combined effect of a synthetic magnetic field and an orthogonal synthetic electric field. In this configuration, chiral waveguide modes appear in the bulk region of the lattice, in direct analogy to transverse Hall currents in electronic systems. By evaluating the non-Markovian dynamics of emitters that are coupled to those modes, we identify critical coupling conditions, under which the shape of the spontaneously emitted photons becomes almost fully symmetric. Combined with a directional, dispersionless propagation, this property enables a complete reabsorption of the photon by another distant emitter, without relying on any time-dependent control. We show that this mechanism can be generalized to arbitrary in-plane synthetic potentials, thereby enabling flexible realizations of re-configurable networks of quantum emitters with arbitrary chiral connectivity.","PeriodicalId":74587,"journal":{"name":"PRX quantum : a Physical Review journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44631669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-15DOI: 10.1103/PRXQuantum.4.020333
Raphael Kaubruegger, Athreya Shankar, D. Vasilyev, P. Zoller
We study multi-parameter sensing of 2D and 3D vector fields within the Bayesian framework for $SU(2)$ quantum interferometry. We establish a method to determine the optimal quantum sensor, which establishes the fundamental limit on the precision of simultaneously estimating multiple parameters with an $N$-atom sensor. Keeping current experimental platforms in mind, we present sensors that have limited entanglement capabilities, and yet, significantly outperform sensors that operate without entanglement and approach the optimal quantum sensor in terms of performance. Furthermore, we show how these sensors can be implemented on current programmable quantum sensors with variational quantum circuits by minimizing a metrological cost function. The resulting circuits prepare tailored entangled states and perform measurements in an appropriate entangled basis to realize the best possible quantum sensor given the native entangling resources available on a given sensor platform. Notable examples include a 2D and 3D quantum ``compass'' and a 2D sensor that provides a scalable improvement over unentangled sensors. Our results on optimal and variational multi-parameter quantum metrology are useful for advancing precision measurements in fundamental science and ensuring the stability of quantum computers, which can be achieved through the incorporation of optimal quantum sensors in a quantum feedback loop.
{"title":"Optimal and Variational Multiparameter Quantum Metrology and Vector-Field Sensing","authors":"Raphael Kaubruegger, Athreya Shankar, D. Vasilyev, P. Zoller","doi":"10.1103/PRXQuantum.4.020333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PRXQuantum.4.020333","url":null,"abstract":"We study multi-parameter sensing of 2D and 3D vector fields within the Bayesian framework for $SU(2)$ quantum interferometry. We establish a method to determine the optimal quantum sensor, which establishes the fundamental limit on the precision of simultaneously estimating multiple parameters with an $N$-atom sensor. Keeping current experimental platforms in mind, we present sensors that have limited entanglement capabilities, and yet, significantly outperform sensors that operate without entanglement and approach the optimal quantum sensor in terms of performance. Furthermore, we show how these sensors can be implemented on current programmable quantum sensors with variational quantum circuits by minimizing a metrological cost function. The resulting circuits prepare tailored entangled states and perform measurements in an appropriate entangled basis to realize the best possible quantum sensor given the native entangling resources available on a given sensor platform. Notable examples include a 2D and 3D quantum ``compass'' and a 2D sensor that provides a scalable improvement over unentangled sensors. Our results on optimal and variational multi-parameter quantum metrology are useful for advancing precision measurements in fundamental science and ensuring the stability of quantum computers, which can be achieved through the incorporation of optimal quantum sensors in a quantum feedback loop.","PeriodicalId":74587,"journal":{"name":"PRX quantum : a Physical Review journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45282013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-06DOI: 10.1103/PRXQuantum.4.030324
A. Miano, V. Joshi, G. Liu, W. Dai, P. D. Parakh, L. Frunzio, M. Devoret
Flux-biased loops including one or more Josephson junctions are ubiquitous elements in quantum information experiments based on superconducting circuits. These quantum circuits can be tuned to implement a variety of Hamiltonians, with applications ranging from decoherence-protected qubits to quantum limited converters and amplifiers. The extrema of the Hamiltonian of these circuits are of special interest because they govern their low-energy dynamics. However, the theory of superconducting quantum circuits so far lacks a systematic method to find these extrema and compute the series expansion of the Hamiltonian in their vicinity for an arbitrary nonlinear superconducting circuit. We present such a method, which can aid the synthesis of new functionalities in quantum devices.
{"title":"Hamiltonian Extrema of an Arbitrary Flux-Biased Josephson Circuit","authors":"A. Miano, V. Joshi, G. Liu, W. Dai, P. D. Parakh, L. Frunzio, M. Devoret","doi":"10.1103/PRXQuantum.4.030324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PRXQuantum.4.030324","url":null,"abstract":"Flux-biased loops including one or more Josephson junctions are ubiquitous elements in quantum information experiments based on superconducting circuits. These quantum circuits can be tuned to implement a variety of Hamiltonians, with applications ranging from decoherence-protected qubits to quantum limited converters and amplifiers. The extrema of the Hamiltonian of these circuits are of special interest because they govern their low-energy dynamics. However, the theory of superconducting quantum circuits so far lacks a systematic method to find these extrema and compute the series expansion of the Hamiltonian in their vicinity for an arbitrary nonlinear superconducting circuit. We present such a method, which can aid the synthesis of new functionalities in quantum devices.","PeriodicalId":74587,"journal":{"name":"PRX quantum : a Physical Review journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46447514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-06DOI: 10.1103/prxquantum.4.010314
F. Marxer, A. Vepsäläinen, S. Jolin, J. Tuorila, Alessandro Landra, Caspar Ockeloen-Korppi, Wei Liu, Olli Ahonen, Adrian Auer, Lucien Belzane, V. Bergholm, C. Chan, K. Chan, T. Hiltunen, J. Hotari, E. Hyyppä, J. Ikonen, David Janzso, M. Koistinen, Janne Kotilahti, Tianyi Li, Jyrgen Luus, Miha Papic, M. Partanen, J. Räbinä, J. Rosti, Mykhailo Savytskyi, Marko Seppälä, V. Sevriuk, E. Takala, B. Tarasinski, Manish J. Thapa, F. Tosto, N. Vorobeva, Liuqi Yu, K. Tan, J. Hassel, M. Möttönen, J. Heinsoo
{"title":"Long-Distance Transmon Coupler with cz-Gate Fidelity above 99.8%","authors":"F. Marxer, A. Vepsäläinen, S. Jolin, J. Tuorila, Alessandro Landra, Caspar Ockeloen-Korppi, Wei Liu, Olli Ahonen, Adrian Auer, Lucien Belzane, V. Bergholm, C. Chan, K. Chan, T. Hiltunen, J. Hotari, E. Hyyppä, J. Ikonen, David Janzso, M. Koistinen, Janne Kotilahti, Tianyi Li, Jyrgen Luus, Miha Papic, M. Partanen, J. Räbinä, J. Rosti, Mykhailo Savytskyi, Marko Seppälä, V. Sevriuk, E. Takala, B. Tarasinski, Manish J. Thapa, F. Tosto, N. Vorobeva, Liuqi Yu, K. Tan, J. Hassel, M. Möttönen, J. Heinsoo","doi":"10.1103/prxquantum.4.010314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/prxquantum.4.010314","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74587,"journal":{"name":"PRX quantum : a Physical Review journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41694296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.1103/PRXQuantum.4.020317
D. Kiesenhofer, H. Hainzer, A. Zhdanov, P. Holz, M. Bock, T. Ollikainen, Christian Roos
Linear strings of trapped atomic ions held in radio-frequency (rf) traps constitute one of the leading platforms for quantum simulation experiments, allowing for the investigation of interacting quantum matter. However, linear ion strings have drawbacks, such as the difficulty to scale beyond $sim 50$ particles as well as the inability to naturally implement spin models with more than one spatial dimension. Here, we present experiments with planar Coulomb crystals of about 100 $^{40}$Ca$^+$ ions in a novel monolithic rf trap, laying the groundwork for quantum simulations of two-dimensional spin models with single-particle control. We characterize the trapping potential by analysis of crystal images and compare the observed crystal configurations with numerical simulations. We further demonstrate stable confinement of large crystals, free of structural configuration changes, and find that rf heating of the crystal is not an obstacle for future quantum simulation experiments. Finally, we prepare the out-of-plane motional modes of planar crystals consisting of up to 105 ions close to their ground state by electromagnetically-induced transparency cooling, an important prerequisite for implementing long-range entangling interactions.
{"title":"Controlling Two-Dimensional Coulomb Crystals of More Than 100 Ions in a Monolithic Radio-Frequency Trap","authors":"D. Kiesenhofer, H. Hainzer, A. Zhdanov, P. Holz, M. Bock, T. Ollikainen, Christian Roos","doi":"10.1103/PRXQuantum.4.020317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PRXQuantum.4.020317","url":null,"abstract":"Linear strings of trapped atomic ions held in radio-frequency (rf) traps constitute one of the leading platforms for quantum simulation experiments, allowing for the investigation of interacting quantum matter. However, linear ion strings have drawbacks, such as the difficulty to scale beyond $sim 50$ particles as well as the inability to naturally implement spin models with more than one spatial dimension. Here, we present experiments with planar Coulomb crystals of about 100 $^{40}$Ca$^+$ ions in a novel monolithic rf trap, laying the groundwork for quantum simulations of two-dimensional spin models with single-particle control. We characterize the trapping potential by analysis of crystal images and compare the observed crystal configurations with numerical simulations. We further demonstrate stable confinement of large crystals, free of structural configuration changes, and find that rf heating of the crystal is not an obstacle for future quantum simulation experiments. Finally, we prepare the out-of-plane motional modes of planar crystals consisting of up to 105 ions close to their ground state by electromagnetically-induced transparency cooling, an important prerequisite for implementing long-range entangling interactions.","PeriodicalId":74587,"journal":{"name":"PRX quantum : a Physical Review journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43468009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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