Intracapsular dysfunction of the TMJ is analyzed, based on the concepts of dysfunctional and functional pathology, including a diagnostic clasification this is analyzed under a etiopathogenic point of view, clinical characteristics, different types of cases named disco-condilar disorders.
The glass ionomer cements are a relatively new class of dental materials used for a variety of purposes, including cavity lining, restorations, cementation of casting, crown building and pit and fissure sealant. They offer two great advantages over most other materials release of fluoride and adhesion to dentin and enamel. Glass ionomer is very susceptible to dehydration and hydration, especially during the first 15 min and lesser extent the remaining 24 hours. Therefore, the use of rubber dam and a water proof varnish is critical to prevent loss of hardness and translucency.
Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (AA), is a cocobacillus thin and small, non motile, uncapsulate and capnophilic. AA, is: one of the species encountered in the mouth's comensal flora being able to be isolated in gingival crevices culture and oral mucosa in a 20% of the healthy population. An important number of pathogenic factors make it well equipped, to protect itself from host's defense mechanisms, and to destroy the periodontal tissue. Between the most important we find lipopolisacarides and leucotoxines which promote tisular invasion and destructive qualities of this microorganism. Since 1912, there are numerous reports of infectious process associated to it, between which we find: endocarditis in native and prothesic valve, soft tissues abscess, pneumonia, brain's abscess, urethritis, vertebral osteomielitis, thyroid's abscess, pericarditis and periodontal juvenile illness, being this one in which its isolation is more frequent. In vitro, AA is very susceptible to tetracicline. This antibiotic reaches high concentrations in gingival crevices, has significant affinity to the alveolar bone and contributes to protect the collagen. These special feature make them the election drug in periodontal disease produced by this microorganism.
Constitutional delay of growth and puberty is a constitutional delay of growth occurring in otherwise healthy adolescents with stature reduced for chronological age but generally appropriate for bone age and stage of pubertal development, both of which are usually delayed; psychological distress is the predominant consequence. The analysis of three cases shows that hand and wrist X-ray to study bone age is very important in patients with short stature, because we can make a better orthodontic treatment due to this bone age delay. The maturation stage investigation can be made in both hands because there are not significant differences between right and left one.
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