Revista Puertorriquena de psicologia最新文献

Communication between parents and adolescents about sexuality faces challenges due in part to sociocultural factors. This study aimed to document the attitudes of parents and adolescents about communication regarding sexuality. The results emanate from the baseline measurement of the Cuídalos Project. The presented data is part of a larger study that aimed to evaluate a web-based module to foster communications between parents and adolescents (13-17 years of age) on health-related issues. In this article, we present the baseline data in which participants answered questions on their comfort when talking about sexual health issues. The sample was composed of 458 parent/adolescent dyads (n=916). We carried out a frequency and central tendency analysis of the gathered data. The average age for adolescents was 15 years of age, and 15% were sexually active. Adolescents reported better attitudes towards sexual communication than parents. Still, parents understood that they shared sufficient information on sexuality related topics. Parents and adolescents reported some level of difficulty and lack of comfort when talking about specific prevention methods. Results highlight the need to incorporate parents into interventions geared for adolescents and their sexual health. In Puerto Rico, it is necessary to develop programs that aim to reduce high-risk sexual activity among adolescents.

There are more people in the world in the youth stage of development than in any other stage of development. The youth in Puerto Rico faces many situations that affect their development and readiness for adulthood. Therefore, it's imperative to identify evidence-based positive youth development interventions to develop practices that help young people prevent adverse situations, promote positive experiences and encourage children and young people to be involved and committed. One hundred and forty seven interventions were identified through a traditional scientific literature review. The results reflect that the interventions mainly focused on reducing risk factors and increasing of protection factors. However, no intervention focus on fully engaging children and young people to be involved and committed to their optimal development and to their communities. Nevertheless, all identified interventions providDe tools that could be useful to foster such practices in the context of Puerto Rico. Of the 147 interventions identified, six are designed for the Puerto Rican population residing on the island. In order to make information accessible to professionals and the community, the collection of the Archivo de Programas y Prácticas Basadas en Evidencia para la Prevención has been expanded.

Project Cuídalos aimed to test the efficacy of a web-based intervention aiming to increase communication on sexual health topics between parents and adolescents in the Puerto Rican population. To achieve this goal, we implemented a longitudinal experimental design which examined whether the intervention would impact communication about sexuality between the participants (N=1,320). Parents completed a web-based interactive module in recruitment centers throughout Puerto Rico. Afterwards, parents could revisit the web-based workshop on their own. The process of accessing the workshop proved to be challenging. To explore why, we expanded our design and incorporated a qualitative component that included semi-structured telephone interviews to 23 randomly selected participants. After transcribing the interviews, we conducted a content analysis from which six thematic categories emerged: 1) perceived impact of the module in the parent-adolescent relationship, 2) communication between research team and parents, 3) platform to access the module, 4) assistance to complete the module, 5) remote access to the module, and 6) changes to the module for future implementations. Our findings will allow us to refine our intervention and offer recommendations to similar efforts using the Internet to increase their impact.

Community-Based Participatory Research promotes the inclusion of diverse voices in the research process and in decision-making processes. However, there are very few research studies that collaborate with children, especially within the context of schools. Promoting child participation has benefits both for children as well as for schools. Nonetheless, this may depend on how adults react to such participation. The present study is part of a broader study on school violence prevention. Our objective is to explore school personnel's concept of childhood and how it relates to their opinions about child school participation. We conducted a discussion group with nineteen (19) faculty and non-faculty members of a public school to ask them questions about the topic. We categorized participants' answers and analyzed relationships among them. Results suggest that participants' concept of childhood is linked to socio-cultural and historical factors and that it impacts their opinions about child participation. Also, school personnel recognize that child participation has benefits for children, the school and the wider society. This contrasts with deficiencies on how to articulate this participation beyond traditional classroom strategies. We discuss the implications of these results for pedagogical practice and for participatory research as promoters of children voices in context.

Communication between parents and adolescents about sexuality is important for the healthy development of young people. Stigmatizing attitudes towards HIV/AIDS may adversely impact this communication. The aim of this study was to identify stigmatizing attitudes towards HIV/AIDS among Puerto Rican parents and adolescents. This effort is part of the Cuídalos Project which aimed to test a web-based intervention to increase communication about sexuality and health among parents and adolescents through an experimental design with 458 parent/adolescent (13-17 years of age) dyads. For the purposes of this article we report descriptive statistics on HIV/AIDS stigma attitudes gathered as part of our baseline measurement. Both parents and adolescents manifested stigmatizing attitudes towards HIV/AIDS. In light of these results it is necessary to continue developing interventions to reduce stigma among this population. Parents can be an invaluable asset to reduce stigma among adolescents and to help prevent sexual risk behaviors and new infection.

This work reviews the progress and current state of a research program on Diabetes and youth depression in Puerto Rico. Given the high depression rate, its impact in youth with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), and the lack of interventions to target this link in an integrative way, the manual titled Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment for Depression in Adolescents with T1D was developed. After its first use in an Open Trial, we currently assess the initial efficacy of its revised version to reduce depression and improve glycemic control, self-care, and quality of life. We present its approach, and initial data on its feasibility, acceptability and potential to reduce emotional problems in T1D youth. We discuss implications of this line of research for health psychology, and its utility to model the development of interventions alike focused on other chronic illnesses.

Dominant gender roles contribute to the risk of contracting HIV, for that reason the integration of social norms regarding gender into HIV prevention interventions has been urged. This study aims to adapt and develop an intervention to facilitate the transformation of social norms related to gender and sexual practices in Puerto Rican men. The intervention aims to transform social norms related to gender and sexuality in community bars using the Popular Opinion Leaders Model. After being selected, opinion leaders disseminate messages that stress the importance of equitable relationships between men and women for HIV prevention. The first phase of this intervention is discussed in this article. This phase includes a process of rapid ethnography to identify community settings in which we could develop the intervention and allow us to understand the culture of these community bars. From ethnographic observations we: developed a security protocol, developed a profile of the culture of these bars, chose the bars that participate in the two study conditions, and adapted the intervention instruments to respond to the particularities of our participants.

We conduct a trans-sectional descriptive study to explore in 565 college students' prejudice attitude and social distance toward gay and lesbians (GL) people. We use a scale to measure prejudice and other scale to measure Social Distance. Participants show moderate levels of prejudice and social distance (SD) towards GLB people. Men's (M=104.5, DT= 27.47) shows significant more prejudice than woman's (M=98.8, DT= 23.41). Men's (M=22.7, DT= 7.00) shows more SD than women's (M=21.1, DT= 5.41). Those participants that attend regularly church services shows more prejudice and SD than those than not. The analysis of this findings strength the importance of incorporate sexual diversity issues in the curriculum to eradicate those prejudice to homosexual community.

Sexual stereotypes are beliefs that are generally accepted and are thought to define how men and women should express their sexuality. The objectives of this study were to identify how many heterosexual Puerto Rican men and women endorsed certain stereotypes about male and female sexuality and to explore the relationship between the endorsement of these sexual stereotypes and the attitudes towards condom use, as well as actual condom use during intercourse. We conducted a cross-sectional study in which we administered two scales, one about male sexuality and the other about female sexuality, to a group of 429 heterosexual participants. We found that men endorsed significantly more male and female sexual stereotypes than women and that these tended to have a more conservative view of female sexuality than what they had of male sexuality. Women, on the other hand, tended to view female and male sexuality in a less stereotypical way. We also found that the more men and women endorsed male and female sexual stereotypes, the worse the attitudes toward condom use. However, endorsement of male and/or female sexual stereotypes was not related to condom use. These findings contradict the literature that suggests that these sexual stereotypes result in high-risk sexual conduct, which has important implications for the development and implementation of prevention programs.

In Latino culture, the family is a major source of social support. We explored the needs and the role of the Puerto Rican eating disorders patient's family in the treatment process by conducting a focus group with five close relatives of youth with eating disorders. Qualitative analyses indicated the need to integrate the family into treatment and to provide management guidelines to assist with the resolution of situations that emerge frequently during recovery. These results underscored the importance of developing and incorporating psychosocial interventions that include family support and guidance for relatives of Puerto Rican youth patients with eating disorders.