Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany)最新文献

The prolonged usage of atypical antipsychotic drugs (AAPD) among individuals with schizophrenia often leads to metabolic side effects such as dyslipidemia. These effects not only limit one's selection of AAPD but also significantly reduce compliance and quality of life of patients. Recent studies suggest that bilirubin plays a crucial role in maintaining lipid homeostasis and may be a potential pre-treatment biomarker for individuals with dyslipidemia. The present study included 644 schizophrenia patients from two centers. Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected at baseline and 4 weeks after admission to investigate the correlation between metabolites, episodes, usage of AAPDs, and occurrence of dyslipidemia. Besides, we explored the combined predictive value of genotypes and baseline bilirubin for dyslipidemia by employing multiple PCR targeted capture techniques to sequence two pathways: bilirubin metabolism-related genes and lipid metabolism-related genes. Our results indicated that there existed a negative correlation between the changes in bilirubin levels and triglyceride (TG) levels in patients with schizophrenia. Among three types of bilirubin, direct bilirubin in the baseline (DBIL-bl) proved to be the most effective in predicting dyslipidemia in the ROC analysis (AUC = 0.627, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the odds ratio from multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that UGT1A1*6 was a protective factor for dyslipidemia (ß = -12.868, p < 0.001). The combination of baseline DBIL and UGT1A1*6 significantly improved the performance in predicting dyslipidemia (AUC = 0.939, p < 0.001). Schizophrenia patients with UGT1A1*6 mutation and a certain level of baseline bilirubin may be more resistant to dyslipidemia and have more selections for AAPD than other patients.

Predictive processing accounts of psychosis conceptualize delusions as overly strong learned expectations (prior beliefs) that shape cognition and perception. Paranoia, the most prevalent form of delusions, involves threat prior beliefs that are inherently social. Here, we investigated whether paranoia is related to overly strong threat prior beliefs in face perception. Participants with subclinical levels of high (n = 109) versus low (n = 111) paranoia viewed face stimuli paired with written descriptions of threatening versus trustworthy behaviors, thereby activating their threat versus trustworthiness prior beliefs. Subsequently, they completed an established social-psychological reverse correlation image classification (RCIC) paradigm. This paradigm used participants' responses to randomly varying face stimuli to generate individual classification images (ICIs) that intend to visualize either facial prior belief (threat vs. trust). An independent sample (n = 76) rated these ICIs as more threatening in the threat compared to the trust condition, validating the causal effect of prior beliefs on face perception. Contrary to expectations derived from predictive processing accounts, there was no evidence for a main effect of paranoia. This finding suggests that paranoia was not related to stronger threat prior beliefs that directly affected face perception, challenging the assumption that paranoid beliefs operate on a perceptual level.

Schizophrenia, a multifaceted mental disorder characterized by disturbances in thought, perception, and emotion, has been extensively investigated through resting-state fMRI, uncovering changes in spontaneous brain activity among those affected. However, a bibliometric examination regarding publication trends in resting-state fMRI studies related to schizophrenia is lacking. This study obtained relevant publications from the Web of Science Core Collection spanning the period from 1998 to 2022. Data extracted from these publications included information on countries/regions, institutions, authors, journals, and keywords. The collected data underwent analysis and visualization using VOSviewer software. The primary analyses included examination of international and institutional collaborations, authorship patterns, co-citation analyses of authors and journals, as well as exploration of keyword co-occurrence and temporal trend networks. A total of 859 publications were retrieved, indicating an overall growth trend from 1998 to 2022. China and the United States emerged as the leading contributors in both publication outputs and citations, with Central South University and the University of New Mexico being identified as the most productive institutions. Vince D. Calhoun had the highest number of publications and citation counts, while Karl J. Friston was recognized as the most influential author based on co-citations. Key journals such as Neuroimage, Schizophrenia Research, Schizophrenia Bulletin, and Biological Psychiatry played pivotal roles in advancing this field. Recent popular keywords included support vector machine, antipsychotic medication, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and related terms. This study systematically synthesizes the historical development, current status, and future trends in resting-state fMRI research in schizophrenia, offering valuable insights for future research directions.

This systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of the association between premorbid adjustment and social cognition in people with psychotic spectrum disorder. Obtaining evidence of this association will facilitate early detection and intervention before the onset of psychosis. Literature searches were conducted in Scopus, PubMed and PsycINFO. Studies were eligible if they included patients with a psychotic disorder or at a high-risk state; social cognition and premorbid adjustment were measured; and the relationship between premorbid adjustment and social cognition was analysed. The authors independently extracted data from all included articles, and discrepancies were resolved through discussion. Literature searches were conducted in Scopus, PubMed and PsycINFO. Studies were eligible if they included patients with a psychotic disorder or at a high-risk state; social cognition and premorbid adjustment were measured; and the relationship between premorbid adjustment and social cognition was analysed. The authors independently extracted data from all included articles, and discrepancies were resolved through discussion. Of 229 studies identified, 23 met the inclusion criteria. Different methods of assessment were used to measure premorbid adjustment, such as the Premorbid Adjustment Scale or premorbid IQ, among others. Social cognition was assessed as a global measure or by domains using different instruments. A total of 16 articles found a relationship between social cognition (or its domains) and premorbid adjustment: general social cognition (n = 3); Theory of Mind (n  = 12); Emotional Recognition and Social Knowledge (n  = 1). This review shows evidence of a significant relationship between social cognition and premorbid adjustment, specifically between Theory of Mind and premorbid adjustment. Social cognition deficits may already appear in phases prior to the onset of psychosis, so an early individualized intervention with stimulating experiences in people with poor premorbid adjustment can be relevant for prevention. We recommend some future directions, such as carrying out longitudinal studies with people at high-risk of psychosis, a meta-analysis study, broadening the concept of premorbid adjustment, and a consensual assessment of social cognition and premorbid adjustment variables. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022333886.

Schizophrenia is a mental health disorder characterized by functional dysconnectivity. Eigenvector centrality mapping (ECM) has been employed to investigate alterations in functional connectivity in schizophrenia, yet the results lack consistency, and the genetic mechanisms underlying these changes remain unclear. In this study, whole-brain voxel-wise ECM analyses were conducted on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data. A cohort of 91 patients with schizophrenia and 91 matched healthy controls were included during the discovery stage. Additionally, in the replication stage, 153 individuals with schizophrenia and 182 healthy individuals participated. Subsequently, a comprehensive analysis was performed using an independent transcriptional database derived from six postmortem healthy adult brains to explore potential genetic factors influencing the observed functional dysconnectivity, and to investigate the roles of identified genes in neural processes and pathways. The results revealed significant and reliable alterations in the ECM across multiple brain regions in schizophrenia. Specifically, there was a significant decrease in ECM in the bilateral superior and middle temporal gyrus, and an increase in the bilateral thalamus in both the discovery and replication stages. Furthermore, transcriptional analysis revealed 420 genes whose expression patterns were related to changes in ECM, and these genes were enriched mainly in biological processes associated with synaptic signaling and transmission. Together, this study enhances our knowledge of the neural processes and pathways involved in schizophrenia, shedding light on the genetic factors that may be linked to functional dysconnectivity in this disorder.

Patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) smoke up to three times more than general people. However, there are conflicting results regarding the relationship between tobacco smoke and clinical symptom severity in SCZ. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of smoking on clinical symptoms after antipsychotic treatment in a 12-week cohort study after controlling for confounding factors. One hundred and forty-five male patients with drug-naïve first-episode (DNFE) SCZ received antipsychotic monotherapy for 12 weeks. Symptom severity was assessed at baseline and at week 12 by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). We found no differences in clinical symptoms among male smokers with SCZ compared with male nonsmokers. However, male smokers showed greater improvement in negative symptoms after 12 weeks of treatment, controlling for age, years of education, onset age, and baseline body mass index (BMI). Our study showed that after 12 weeks of treatment with antipsychotics, male smokers showed greater improvement in negative symptoms than male nonsmokers.

The gamma-band auditory steady-state response (ASSR), primarily generated from the auditory cortex, has received substantial attention as a potential brain marker indicating the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Previous studies have shown reduced gamma-band ASSR in patients with schizophrenia and demonstrated correlations with impaired neurocognition and psychosocial functioning. Recent studies in clinical and healthy populations have suggested that the neural substrates of reduced gamma-band ASSR may be distributed throughout the cortices surrounding the auditory cortex, especially in the right hemisphere. This study aimed to investigate associations between the gamma-band ASSR and white matter alterations in the bundles broadly connecting the right frontal, parietal and occipital cortices to clarify the networks underlying reduced gamma-band ASSR in patients with schizophrenia. We measured the 40 Hz ASSR using electroencephalography and diffusion tensor imaging in 42 patients with schizophrenia and 22 healthy comparison subjects. The results showed that the gamma-band ASSR was positively correlated with fractional anisotropy (an index of white matter integrity) in the regions connecting the right frontal, parietal and occipital cortices in healthy subjects (β = 0.41, corrected p = 0.075, uncorrected p = 0.038) but not in patients with schizophrenia (β = 0.17, corrected p = 0.46, uncorrected p = 0.23). These findings support our hypothesis that the generation of gamma-band ASSR is supported by white matter bundles that broadly connect the cortices and that these relationships may be disrupted in schizophrenia. Our study may help characterize and interpret reduced gamma-band ASSR as a useful brain marker of schizophrenia.