Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.4249/scholarpedia.52499
Jaden Pieper, M. Lladser
• A small set of gates (e.g. AND , OR , NOT ) can be used to compute an arbitrary classical function. We say that such a set of gates is universal for classical computation. • Any unitary operation can be approximated to arbitrary accuracy using Hadamard, phase,CNOT , and π/8 gates. You may wonder why the phase gate appears in this list, since it can be constructed from two π/8 gates; it is included because of its natural role in the fault-tolerant constructions
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Pub Date : 2018-10-03DOI: 10.4249/scholarpedia.1818
G. Fogel, D. Fogel, L. Fogel
{"title":"Evolutionary programming","authors":"G. Fogel, D. Fogel, L. Fogel","doi":"10.4249/scholarpedia.1818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4249/scholarpedia.1818","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74760,"journal":{"name":"Scholarpedia journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"1818"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44847772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-22DOI: 10.4249/scholarpedia.32571
J. Butterworth, G. Hesketh
{"title":"Jets and QCD measurements at high energy colliders","authors":"J. Butterworth, G. Hesketh","doi":"10.4249/scholarpedia.32571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4249/scholarpedia.32571","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74760,"journal":{"name":"Scholarpedia journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"32571"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47433346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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