Pub Date : 2023-12-19DOI: 10.1007/s11148-023-00811-3
The technological process of natural water treatment before being supplied to the water supply network is accompanied by the formation of water treatment sludge. The chemical composition of water treatment precipitation is characterized by the presence of aluminum and iron hydroxides, manganese oxide, and an undissolved residue of chemical reagents used in water treatment. The strategy of sustainable development presupposes proper management of man-made waste, capable of ensuring their reuse and reducing the associated environmental burden on the environment. There are known options for using water treatment sludge in the production of bricks, expanded clay, and cement. The use of water treatment sediments in the production of burnt ceramic materials is effective. A promising direction for the utilization of water treatment sludge is the possibility of its use in a mixture with peat as a potential raw material for the production of construction and ceramic materials. An installation is developed for the collection of milled peat, its mixing with water treatment sludge, and subsequent drying of the resultant mixture.
{"title":"Use of Water Treatment Sludge in the Production of Building and Ceramic Materials","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s11148-023-00811-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11148-023-00811-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The technological process of natural water treatment before being supplied to the water supply network is accompanied by the formation of water treatment sludge. The chemical composition of water treatment precipitation is characterized by the presence of aluminum and iron hydroxides, manganese oxide, and an undissolved residue of chemical reagents used in water treatment. The strategy of sustainable development presupposes proper management of man-made waste, capable of ensuring their reuse and reducing the associated environmental burden on the environment. There are known options for using water treatment sludge in the production of bricks, expanded clay, and cement. The use of water treatment sediments in the production of burnt ceramic materials is effective. A promising direction for the utilization of water treatment sludge is the possibility of its use in a mixture with peat as a potential raw material for the production of construction and ceramic materials. An installation is developed for the collection of milled peat, its mixing with water treatment sludge, and subsequent drying of the resultant mixture.</p>","PeriodicalId":751,"journal":{"name":"Refractories and Industrial Ceramics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138742614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-19DOI: 10.1007/s11148-023-00813-1
A. V. Zabolotsky, A. O. Migashkin, A. S. Grigor’ev, A. I. Dmitriev, M. Yu. Turchin, V. T. Khadyev, E. V. Shil’ko
Using the finite element method, a numerical investigation of the initial stage of crack propagation in a material containing spherical pores under multiaxial compression (constrained conditions) was carried out. The influence of the pore spacing and the mechanical properties of the material on fracture location and crack-propagation direction was analyzed for brittle and ductile materials. Material properties and the arrangement of defects were found to significantly influence the direction of crack propagation initiating on stress concentrators (structure defects), even in mutually perpendicular directions (for uniaxial compression). Numerical estimates were obtained for the characteristic sizes of the influence region of spherical pores on each other, beyond which the stress fields of the neighboring structural elements do not overlap. The dependence of the size of this influence region on the elastic characteristics of the matrix material was studied. The obtained results are important for numerically estimating the durations of the initial stages of the quasibrittle fracture of ceramic-based heterophase materials, particularly refractory materials.
{"title":"Simulation of Crack Nucleation in Materials with Regularly Arranged Spherical Pores Under Multiaxial Loading Conditions","authors":"A. V. Zabolotsky, A. O. Migashkin, A. S. Grigor’ev, A. I. Dmitriev, M. Yu. Turchin, V. T. Khadyev, E. V. Shil’ko","doi":"10.1007/s11148-023-00813-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11148-023-00813-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Using the finite element method, a numerical investigation of the initial stage of crack propagation in a material containing spherical pores under multiaxial compression (constrained conditions) was carried out. The influence of the pore spacing and the mechanical properties of the material on fracture location and crack-propagation direction was analyzed for brittle and ductile materials. Material properties and the arrangement of defects were found to significantly influence the direction of crack propagation initiating on stress concentrators (structure defects), even in mutually perpendicular directions (for uniaxial compression). Numerical estimates were obtained for the characteristic sizes of the influence region of spherical pores on each other, beyond which the stress fields of the neighboring structural elements do not overlap. The dependence of the size of this influence region on the elastic characteristics of the matrix material was studied. The obtained results are important for numerically estimating the durations of the initial stages of the quasibrittle fracture of ceramic-based heterophase materials, particularly refractory materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":751,"journal":{"name":"Refractories and Industrial Ceramics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138742624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-16DOI: 10.1007/s11148-023-00826-w
A. V. Fedotov, A. V. Belyakov, V. I. Vanchurin
The properties of spent cracking catalyst samples from various refineries are studied. The recycling of spent cracking catalysts to produce ceramic products, namely to manufacture electrical porcelain and fireclay refractories, is justified. The technology for products of subgroup 110 is developed and can be based on the existing technological scheme and equipment. Cracking catalyst wastes (10 – 15 wt.%) can be introduced into the initial charge composition without deterioration of the properties.
{"title":"Application of Spent Cracking Catalysts in Ceramic Technology","authors":"A. V. Fedotov, A. V. Belyakov, V. I. Vanchurin","doi":"10.1007/s11148-023-00826-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11148-023-00826-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The properties of spent cracking catalyst samples from various refineries are studied. The recycling of spent cracking catalysts to produce ceramic products, namely to manufacture electrical porcelain and fireclay refractories, is justified. The technology for products of subgroup 110 is developed and can be based on the existing technological scheme and equipment. Cracking catalyst wastes (10 – 15 wt.%) can be introduced into the initial charge composition without deterioration of the properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":751,"journal":{"name":"Refractories and Industrial Ceramics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138691294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-13DOI: 10.1007/s11148-023-00821-1
R. Yu. Popov, O. A. Sergievich, T. V. Kolontaeva, E. O. Bogdan, E. M. Dyatlova
The physicochemical and thermophysical properties and phase composition of heat-resistant ceramic materials synthesized based on the Al2O3–SiO2–TiO2 system were studied. The influence of modifying additives such as RO2 (ZrO2, SnO2, CeO2, and MnO2) on the sintering and phase formation processes of ceramic materials was studied. Samples of mullite-thialite ceramics modified with SnO2 and CeO2 in the amounts of 5% and 7.5%, respectively, were characterized by water absorption from 0.2 to 2.2% and CLTE in the range 2.4 × 10–6 – 3.2 × 10–6 K–1. The developed materials could withstand greater than 70 heating and cooling cycles and could be used to work under conditions of sudden temperature changes.
{"title":"Synthesis and Research of Mullite-Thialite Ceramics Modified with Oxides of the RO2 Type","authors":"R. Yu. Popov, O. A. Sergievich, T. V. Kolontaeva, E. O. Bogdan, E. M. Dyatlova","doi":"10.1007/s11148-023-00821-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11148-023-00821-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The physicochemical and thermophysical properties and phase composition of heat-resistant ceramic materials synthesized based on the Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–SiO<sub>2</sub>–TiO<sub>2</sub> system were studied. The influence of modifying additives such as <i>R</i>O<sub>2</sub> (ZrO<sub>2</sub>, SnO<sub>2</sub>, CeO<sub>2</sub>, and MnO<sub>2</sub>) on the sintering and phase formation processes of ceramic materials was studied. Samples of mullite-thialite ceramics modified with SnO<sub>2</sub> and CeO<sub>2</sub> in the amounts of 5% and 7.5%, respectively, were characterized by water absorption from 0.2 to 2.2% and CLTE in the range 2.4 × 10<sup>–6</sup> – 3.2 × 10<sup>–6</sup> K<sup>–1</sup>. The developed materials could withstand greater than 70 heating and cooling cycles and could be used to work under conditions of sudden temperature changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":751,"journal":{"name":"Refractories and Industrial Ceramics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138628741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-13DOI: 10.1007/s11148-023-00814-0
N. A. Lomanova, M. V. Tomkovich, V. L. Ugolkov
Materials with a layered perovskite-like structure of the Aurivillius phase type are important for technology fields such as magnetoelectronics and photocatalysis. Features of phase formation during the synthesis of nano- and macrocrystalline materials based on Bi6Fe2Ti3O18 with the five-layer Aurivillius phase structure are described. Samples were characterized by powder XRD, DSC/TG, dilatometry, and SEM/EDX. The temperatures of the beginning of formation, the Curie point, the beginning of decomposition and activation of sintering of the obtained materials, and the value of the coefficient of linear thermal expansion were determined. The technological possibility of controlling the dispersion of the obtained materials by changing the synthesis conditions is shown.
{"title":"Dependence of the Formation of the Five-Layer Aurivillius Phase on the Chemical Prehistory of the Initial Composition","authors":"N. A. Lomanova, M. V. Tomkovich, V. L. Ugolkov","doi":"10.1007/s11148-023-00814-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11148-023-00814-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Materials with a layered perovskite-like structure of the Aurivillius phase type are important for technology fields such as magnetoelectronics and photocatalysis. Features of phase formation during the synthesis of nano- and macrocrystalline materials based on Bi<sub>6</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>Ti<sub>3</sub>O<sub>18</sub> with the five-layer Aurivillius phase structure are described. Samples were characterized by powder XRD, DSC/TG, dilatometry, and SEM/EDX. The temperatures of the beginning of formation, the Curie point, the beginning of decomposition and activation of sintering of the obtained materials, and the value of the coefficient of linear thermal expansion were determined. The technological possibility of controlling the dispersion of the obtained materials by changing the synthesis conditions is shown.</p>","PeriodicalId":751,"journal":{"name":"Refractories and Industrial Ceramics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138628646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-12DOI: 10.1007/s11148-023-00812-2
E. Barsky
Many problems arising at the development of a mathematical model of critical regimes of two-phase flows are connected with the necessary account for differently directed motion of particles at all levels of the channel simultaneously. These problems were solved by developing a discrete-stationary model of the process. Recurrent equations allowing us to determine solid phase distribution both in ordinary conditions and in optimal separation regimes were derived and solved.
{"title":"Material Distribution in the Channel Height in Critical Regimes of Vertical Two-Phase Flows","authors":"E. Barsky","doi":"10.1007/s11148-023-00812-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11148-023-00812-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Many problems arising at the development of a mathematical model of critical regimes of two-phase flows are connected with the necessary account for differently directed motion of particles at all levels of the channel simultaneously. These problems were solved by developing a discrete-stationary model of the process. Recurrent equations allowing us to determine solid phase distribution both in ordinary conditions and in optimal separation regimes were derived and solved.</p>","PeriodicalId":751,"journal":{"name":"Refractories and Industrial Ceramics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138572226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-11DOI: 10.1007/s11148-023-00817-x
P. M. Pletnev, Yu. K. Nepochatov
The article provides results of a study of alumina ceramic production based on domestic grades of alumina: GN, GÉF, GK-1, GRT. The different initial state of alumina of different grades in terms of purity and fineness is reflected in the shape and size of granules of pressed powders and in alumina ceramic physical and mechanical properties. Use alumina of domestic producers did not provide preparation of high-quality alumina ceramics. The maximum attainable apparent density value of fired ceramic did not exceed 3.80 – 3.84 g/cm3. Overseas alumina brands Almatis CT 3000 SG and Nabalox 713-10 NM (Germany) have high purity, fineness and an α-Al2O3 content of more than 99.0 wt.%, which ensures production of alumina ceramics with a high apparent density at 3.94 – 3.96 g/cm3 and can be used for production of alumina ceramics with a high level of physical and engineering properties.
{"title":"Selection of an Alumina Grade for Manufacturing Alumina Ceramics","authors":"P. M. Pletnev, Yu. K. Nepochatov","doi":"10.1007/s11148-023-00817-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11148-023-00817-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The article provides results of a study of alumina ceramic production based on domestic grades of alumina: GN, GÉF, GK-1, GRT. The different initial state of alumina of different grades in terms of purity and fineness is reflected in the shape and size of granules of pressed powders and in alumina ceramic physical and mechanical properties. Use alumina of domestic producers did not provide preparation of high-quality alumina ceramics. The maximum attainable apparent density value of fired ceramic did not exceed 3.80 – 3.84 g/cm<sup>3</sup>. Overseas alumina brands Almatis CT 3000 SG and Nabalox 713-10 NM (Germany) have high purity, fineness and an α-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> content of more than 99.0 wt.%, which ensures production of alumina ceramics with a high apparent density at 3.94 – 3.96 g/cm<sup>3</sup> and can be used for production of alumina ceramics with a high level of physical and engineering properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":751,"journal":{"name":"Refractories and Industrial Ceramics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138568116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-11DOI: 10.1007/s11148-023-00815-z
M. A. Markov, A. N. Belyakov, A. D. Bykova, A. N. Chekuryaev, D. A. Dyuskina, A. D. Kashtanov
Technological aspects of the synthesis of heat-resistant ceramics in the NiO–YSZ system using an oxidizable Ni-based cermet composite, including testing the use of additive synthesis technology to enable the production of items of complex shape, have been studied. The key functional characteristics of the materials were determined based on the results of the synthesis. In particular, oxidation of prototypes was found to be accompanied by a volume increase of the ceramics by ~10%.
{"title":"Technological Features of the Synthesis of Heat-Resistant Ceramics in the NiO–YSZ System with the Possibility of Using Additive Technology","authors":"M. A. Markov, A. N. Belyakov, A. D. Bykova, A. N. Chekuryaev, D. A. Dyuskina, A. D. Kashtanov","doi":"10.1007/s11148-023-00815-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11148-023-00815-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Technological aspects of the synthesis of heat-resistant ceramics in the NiO–YSZ system using an oxidizable Ni-based cermet composite, including testing the use of additive synthesis technology to enable the production of items of complex shape, have been studied. The key functional characteristics of the materials were determined based on the results of the synthesis. In particular, oxidation of prototypes was found to be accompanied by a volume increase of the ceramics by ~10%.</p>","PeriodicalId":751,"journal":{"name":"Refractories and Industrial Ceramics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138568201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-07DOI: 10.1007/s11148-023-00810-4
S. Ya. Davydov, R. A. Apakashev, N. G. Valiev, V. A. Perepelitsyn
The article presents the description of slags produced by the Klyuchevskaya Concentrating Plant; samples of metallic chromium, ferrochrome, and ferrotitanium slag are described. In addition, the chemical composition of slag used for producing high-alumina refractory cement, physical and mechanical properties of cement obtained by remelting metallic chromium slags, and charge compositions during the remelting of metallic chromium slags are described. Finally, the scheme of covering the bottom of the dump truck body is discussed.
{"title":"Industrial Utilization of Complex, Multicomponent Technogenic Formations and their Safe Displacement","authors":"S. Ya. Davydov, R. A. Apakashev, N. G. Valiev, V. A. Perepelitsyn","doi":"10.1007/s11148-023-00810-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11148-023-00810-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The article presents the description of slags produced by the Klyuchevskaya Concentrating Plant; samples of metallic chromium, ferrochrome, and ferrotitanium slag are described. In addition, the chemical composition of slag used for producing high-alumina refractory cement, physical and mechanical properties of cement obtained by remelting metallic chromium slags, and charge compositions during the remelting of metallic chromium slags are described. Finally, the scheme of covering the bottom of the dump truck body is discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":751,"journal":{"name":"Refractories and Industrial Ceramics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138554229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}