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Use of Water Treatment Sludge in the Production of Building and Ceramic Materials 利用水处理污泥生产建筑和陶瓷材料
IF 0.5 4区 材料科学 Q4 Materials Science Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.1007/s11148-023-00811-3

The technological process of natural water treatment before being supplied to the water supply network is accompanied by the formation of water treatment sludge. The chemical composition of water treatment precipitation is characterized by the presence of aluminum and iron hydroxides, manganese oxide, and an undissolved residue of chemical reagents used in water treatment. The strategy of sustainable development presupposes proper management of man-made waste, capable of ensuring their reuse and reducing the associated environmental burden on the environment. There are known options for using water treatment sludge in the production of bricks, expanded clay, and cement. The use of water treatment sediments in the production of burnt ceramic materials is effective. A promising direction for the utilization of water treatment sludge is the possibility of its use in a mixture with peat as a potential raw material for the production of construction and ceramic materials. An installation is developed for the collection of milled peat, its mixing with water treatment sludge, and subsequent drying of the resultant mixture.

天然水在进入供水管网之前的技术处理过程中会形成水处理污泥。水处理沉淀物的化学成分特点是含有铝和铁的氢氧化物、氧化锰以及用于水处理的化学试剂的未溶解残留物。可持续发展战略的前提是妥善管理人为废物,确保废物的再利用,并减少对环境造成的相关负担。目前已知的方法是利用水处理污泥生产砖块、膨胀粘土和水泥。利用水处理沉淀物生产烧制陶瓷材料是有效的。利用水处理污泥的一个有前途的方向是将其与泥炭混合使用,作为生产建筑和陶瓷材料的潜在原料。为收集碾碎的泥炭、将其与水处理污泥混合以及随后干燥所得混合物,开发了一种装置。
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引用次数: 0
Simulation of Crack Nucleation in Materials with Regularly Arranged Spherical Pores Under Multiaxial Loading Conditions 多轴载荷条件下具有规则排列球形孔隙的材料的裂纹成核模拟
IF 0.5 4区 材料科学 Q4 Materials Science Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.1007/s11148-023-00813-1
A. V. Zabolotsky, A. O. Migashkin, A. S. Grigor’ev, A. I. Dmitriev, M. Yu. Turchin, V. T. Khadyev, E. V. Shil’ko

Using the finite element method, a numerical investigation of the initial stage of crack propagation in a material containing spherical pores under multiaxial compression (constrained conditions) was carried out. The influence of the pore spacing and the mechanical properties of the material on fracture location and crack-propagation direction was analyzed for brittle and ductile materials. Material properties and the arrangement of defects were found to significantly influence the direction of crack propagation initiating on stress concentrators (structure defects), even in mutually perpendicular directions (for uniaxial compression). Numerical estimates were obtained for the characteristic sizes of the influence region of spherical pores on each other, beyond which the stress fields of the neighboring structural elements do not overlap. The dependence of the size of this influence region on the elastic characteristics of the matrix material was studied. The obtained results are important for numerically estimating the durations of the initial stages of the quasibrittle fracture of ceramic-based heterophase materials, particularly refractory materials.

利用有限元方法,对含有球形孔隙的材料在多轴压缩(约束条件)下裂纹扩展的初始阶段进行了数值研究。针对脆性材料和韧性材料,分析了孔隙间距和材料力学特性对断裂位置和裂纹扩展方向的影响。研究发现,材料特性和缺陷排列对应力集中点(结构缺陷)上的裂纹扩展方向有显著影响,即使在相互垂直的方向上(单轴压缩)也是如此。对球形孔隙相互影响区域的特征尺寸进行了数值估算,在该区域之外,相邻结构元素的应力场不会重叠。研究了该影响区域的大小与基体材料弹性特性的关系。所获得的结果对于用数值估算陶瓷基异相材料,尤其是耐火材料的准脆性断裂初始阶段的持续时间非常重要。
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引用次数: 0
Application of Spent Cracking Catalysts in Ceramic Technology 废裂解催化剂在陶瓷技术中的应用
IF 0.5 4区 材料科学 Q4 Materials Science Pub Date : 2023-12-16 DOI: 10.1007/s11148-023-00826-w
A. V. Fedotov, A. V. Belyakov, V. I. Vanchurin

The properties of spent cracking catalyst samples from various refineries are studied. The recycling of spent cracking catalysts to produce ceramic products, namely to manufacture electrical porcelain and fireclay refractories, is justified. The technology for products of subgroup 110 is developed and can be based on the existing technological scheme and equipment. Cracking catalyst wastes (10 – 15 wt.%) can be introduced into the initial charge composition without deterioration of the properties.

对来自不同炼油厂的废裂化催化剂样品的特性进行了研究。对废裂化催化剂进行回收利用以生产陶瓷产品,即生产电瓷和粘土耐火材料进行了论证。开发了生产 110 子类产品的技术,该技术可基于现有的技术方案和设备。裂解催化剂废料(10 - 15 wt.%)可加入初始炉料成分中,而不会降低性能。
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引用次数: 0
Synthesis and Research of Mullite-Thialite Ceramics Modified with Oxides of the RO2 Type 用 RO2 型氧化物改性的莫来石-钛铁矿陶瓷的合成与研究
IF 0.5 4区 材料科学 Q4 Materials Science Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI: 10.1007/s11148-023-00821-1
R. Yu. Popov, O. A. Sergievich, T. V. Kolontaeva, E. O. Bogdan, E. M. Dyatlova

The physicochemical and thermophysical properties and phase composition of heat-resistant ceramic materials synthesized based on the Al2O3–SiO2–TiO2 system were studied. The influence of modifying additives such as RO2 (ZrO2, SnO2, CeO2, and MnO2) on the sintering and phase formation processes of ceramic materials was studied. Samples of mullite-thialite ceramics modified with SnO2 and CeO2 in the amounts of 5% and 7.5%, respectively, were characterized by water absorption from 0.2 to 2.2% and CLTE in the range 2.4 × 10–6 – 3.2 × 10–6 K–1. The developed materials could withstand greater than 70 heating and cooling cycles and could be used to work under conditions of sudden temperature changes.

研究了基于Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2体系合成的耐热陶瓷材料的物理化学、热物理性能和相组成。研究了改性添加剂RO2 (ZrO2、SnO2、CeO2和MnO2)对陶瓷材料烧结和相形成过程的影响。SnO2和CeO2分别以5%和7.5%的量改性莫来石-硫化物陶瓷样品,其吸水率在0.2 ~ 2.2%之间,CLTE在2.4 × 10-6 ~ 3.2 × 10-6 K-1之间。所开发的材料可以承受超过70次的加热和冷却循环,并且可以在温度突然变化的条件下工作。
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引用次数: 0
Dependence of the Formation of the Five-Layer Aurivillius Phase on the Chemical Prehistory of the Initial Composition 五层奥里维利乌斯相的形成取决于初始成分的化学前史
IF 0.5 4区 材料科学 Q4 Materials Science Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI: 10.1007/s11148-023-00814-0
N. A. Lomanova, M. V. Tomkovich, V. L. Ugolkov

Materials with a layered perovskite-like structure of the Aurivillius phase type are important for technology fields such as magnetoelectronics and photocatalysis. Features of phase formation during the synthesis of nano- and macrocrystalline materials based on Bi6Fe2Ti3O18 with the five-layer Aurivillius phase structure are described. Samples were characterized by powder XRD, DSC/TG, dilatometry, and SEM/EDX. The temperatures of the beginning of formation, the Curie point, the beginning of decomposition and activation of sintering of the obtained materials, and the value of the coefficient of linear thermal expansion were determined. The technological possibility of controlling the dispersion of the obtained materials by changing the synthesis conditions is shown.

具有层状钙钛矿结构的Aurivillius相型材料在磁电子和光催化等技术领域具有重要意义。描述了五层Aurivillius相结构Bi6Fe2Ti3O18纳米和大晶材料合成过程中的相形成特征。采用粉末XRD、DSC/TG、膨胀仪、SEM/EDX对样品进行表征。测定了所得材料的形成起始温度、居里点温度、分解起始温度和烧结活化温度以及线性热膨胀系数的取值。指出了通过改变合成条件来控制所得材料分散的技术可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Material Distribution in the Channel Height in Critical Regimes of Vertical Two-Phase Flows 垂直两相流临界状态下河道高度的物质分布
IF 0.5 4区 材料科学 Q4 Materials Science Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI: 10.1007/s11148-023-00812-2
E. Barsky

Many problems arising at the development of a mathematical model of critical regimes of two-phase flows are connected with the necessary account for differently directed motion of particles at all levels of the channel simultaneously. These problems were solved by developing a discrete-stationary model of the process. Recurrent equations allowing us to determine solid phase distribution both in ordinary conditions and in optimal separation regimes were derived and solved.

在建立两相流临界状态数学模型过程中出现的许多问题,都与需要同时考虑通道各层粒子的不同运动方向有关。这些问题通过建立离散-静态过程模型得以解决。推导并解决了循环方程,使我们能够确定普通条件下和最佳分离状态下的固相分布。
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引用次数: 0
Selection of an Alumina Grade for Manufacturing Alumina Ceramics 为制造氧化铝陶瓷选择氧化铝等级
IF 0.5 4区 材料科学 Q4 Materials Science Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.1007/s11148-023-00817-x
P. M. Pletnev, Yu. K. Nepochatov

The article provides results of a study of alumina ceramic production based on domestic grades of alumina: GN, GÉF, GK-1, GRT. The different initial state of alumina of different grades in terms of purity and fineness is reflected in the shape and size of granules of pressed powders and in alumina ceramic physical and mechanical properties. Use alumina of domestic producers did not provide preparation of high-quality alumina ceramics. The maximum attainable apparent density value of fired ceramic did not exceed 3.80 – 3.84 g/cm3. Overseas alumina brands Almatis CT 3000 SG and Nabalox 713-10 NM (Germany) have high purity, fineness and an α-Al2O3 content of more than 99.0 wt.%, which ensures production of alumina ceramics with a high apparent density at 3.94 – 3.96 g/cm3 and can be used for production of alumina ceramics with a high level of physical and engineering properties.

文章提供了基于国内氧化铝等级(GN、GÉF、GK-1、GRT)的氧化铝陶瓷生产的研究结果。不同等级氧化铝在纯度和细度方面的初始状态不同,这反映在压制粉末颗粒的形状和大小以及氧化铝陶瓷的物理和机械性能上。使用国内生产的氧化铝并不能制备出高质量的氧化铝陶瓷。烧制陶瓷的最大表观密度值不超过 3.80 - 3.84 g/cm3。国外氧化铝品牌 Almatis CT 3000 SG 和 Nabalox 713-10 NM(德国)纯度高、细度好,α-Al2O3 含量超过 99.0 wt.%,可确保生产出表观密度高达 3.94 - 3.96 g/cm3 的氧化铝陶瓷,并可用于生产具有高水平物理和工程特性的氧化铝陶瓷。
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引用次数: 0
Technological Features of the Synthesis of Heat-Resistant Ceramics in the NiO–YSZ System with the Possibility of Using Additive Technology 利用添加剂技术在 NiO-YSZ 体系中合成耐热陶瓷的技术特点
IF 0.5 4区 材料科学 Q4 Materials Science Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.1007/s11148-023-00815-z
M. A. Markov, A. N. Belyakov, A. D. Bykova, A. N. Chekuryaev, D. A. Dyuskina, A. D. Kashtanov

Technological aspects of the synthesis of heat-resistant ceramics in the NiO–YSZ system using an oxidizable Ni-based cermet composite, including testing the use of additive synthesis technology to enable the production of items of complex shape, have been studied. The key functional characteristics of the materials were determined based on the results of the synthesis. In particular, oxidation of prototypes was found to be accompanied by a volume increase of the ceramics by ~10%.

研究了使用可氧化镍基金属陶瓷复合材料在镍氧化物-YSZ 系统中合成耐热陶瓷的技术方面,包括测试添加剂合成技术的使用,以生产形状复杂的产品。根据合成结果确定了材料的主要功能特性。特别是,在原型氧化的同时,发现陶瓷的体积增加了约 10%。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of Sintering Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Pressureless Sintering Alumina Ceramics with Al2O3–SiO2–CaO Sintering Aids 烧结温度对 Al2O3-SiO2-CaO 无压烧结氧化铝陶瓷微观结构和机械性能的影响
IF 0.5 4区 材料科学 Q4 Materials Science Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.1007/s11148-023-00816-y
D. Ding, Yue Guan, Guoqing Xiao, Zhaoyuan Mao, Xiaoqi Shi, Kaiqiang Gao, Xiaochuan Chong, Jiyuan Luo, Changkun Lei
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引用次数: 0
Industrial Utilization of Complex, Multicomponent Technogenic Formations and their Safe Displacement 复杂、多成分技术成因地层的工业利用及其安全置换
IF 0.5 4区 材料科学 Q4 Materials Science Pub Date : 2023-12-07 DOI: 10.1007/s11148-023-00810-4
S. Ya. Davydov, R. A. Apakashev, N. G. Valiev, V. A. Perepelitsyn

The article presents the description of slags produced by the Klyuchevskaya Concentrating Plant; samples of metallic chromium, ferrochrome, and ferrotitanium slag are described. In addition, the chemical composition of slag used for producing high-alumina refractory cement, physical and mechanical properties of cement obtained by remelting metallic chromium slags, and charge compositions during the remelting of metallic chromium slags are described. Finally, the scheme of covering the bottom of the dump truck body is discussed.

文章介绍了克柳切夫斯卡亚选矿厂生产的矿渣;描述了金属铬、铬铁和钛铁矿渣样品。此外,还介绍了用于生产高铝耐火水泥的炉渣的化学成分、通过重熔金属铬炉渣获得的水泥的物理和机械性能以及重熔金属铬炉渣时的炉料成分。最后,讨论了覆盖自卸车车身底部的方案。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Refractories and Industrial Ceramics
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