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Inservice Music Educators’ Perceived Comfort for Teaching and Performing on Secondary Band Instruments 在职音乐教育者对二级乐队乐器教学与演奏的舒适感
Pub Date : 2021-02-16 DOI: 10.1177/8755123321995953
Alvin F. Simpson
I surveyed inservice instrumental music educators (N = 96) to determine their comfort level for teaching and performing on secondary band instruments. Research questions included the following: (a) How comfortable do inservice music educators feel teaching and performing on secondary instruments? (b) Does grade level affect educators’ comfort levels? (c) Does the educators’ primary instrument family relate to their perceived comfort level for teaching and playing on secondary instruments? and (d) Does the format of instrument classes during preparation programs influence educators’ comfort for teaching and playing secondary instruments? Participants reported moderate comfort on most instruments, with brass being most comfortable. Participants indicating woodwind as a primary instrument reported an overall higher comfort level for teaching and performing on brass instruments, whereas low comfort levels on double reeds. High school educators felt least comfortable teaching and performing on secondary instruments. Participants who took Split-Families and Semester-Families preservice classes felt more comfortable performing on secondary instruments versus those who took Individual-Instrument courses.
我调查了在职器乐教育工作者(N=96),以确定他们在二级乐队乐器教学和表演方面的舒适度。研究问题包括以下内容:(a)在职音乐教育工作者在使用辅助乐器教学和表演时感觉有多舒服?(b) 年级水平会影响教育者的舒适度吗?(c) 教育工作者的主要乐器家族是否与他们对教学和演奏次要乐器的舒适度有关?以及(d)预备课程中乐器课程的形式是否会影响教育工作者对教学和演奏二手乐器的舒适度?参与者报告说,大多数乐器的舒适度适中,黄铜最舒适。将木管乐器作为主要乐器的参与者报告说,在铜管乐器上教学和表演的总体舒适度较高,而在双簧片上的舒适度较低。高中教育工作者觉得用中学乐器教学和表演最不舒服。与参加个人乐器课程的参与者相比,参加分裂家庭和学期家庭预备班的参与者在二级乐器上表演更舒适。
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引用次数: 2
Comments From the Editor: The Effects of Bourbon Drinking on Creating Manuscript Titles 编者点评:波旁酒对手稿标题创作的影响
Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.1177/8755123320985086
B. Silvey
After several minutes of online searching, I could not find this manuscript anywhere. It turns out that it has not been written yet, but I am sure there are many of us who have attempted this as a one-shot investigation in the past. And when trying to craft an appropriate title for my dissertation in graduate school, I may have taken two or three shots at finalizing that one, but it all remains pretty hazy. I hope that my attempt at creating a somewhat clickbait title has gotten you to read at least this far. Although creating a title for a manuscript seems easy, I have been thinking more about the importance of titles in my own scholarly work. According to the American Psychological Association (2020), “the title should summarize the main idea of the paper simply and, if possible, in a way that is engaging for readers” (p. 31). Unless we are searching for manuscripts that align with our own interests, the title may be the deciding factor in whether an article is read or downloaded by the casual reader. Therefore, if you potentially want more people to read your manuscript, this advice seems like a sensible place to begin when formulating your title. One problem with titles can be wordiness. This is probably why the original title for these comments, “The Effects of Drinking Inexpensive, Moderately Expensive, and Expensive Bourbon on Creating Manuscript Titles While Reading Student Comments About Your Teaching and Contemplating a New Career Path,” was shortened by an editor before publication. There is research evidence suggesting that articles with longer titles are downloaded less than articles with shorter titles (Hallock & Dillner, 2016). When thinking about how to title your next manuscript, there are three types of titles that have been identified as most common: (1) declarative, (2) descriptive, and (3) question (Wager et al., 2016). Declarative titles often include the main finding of the research that was conducted. Using my silly example, I could have written “Drinking Bourbon Makes for Better Manuscript Titles.” (I really think it does, but I have no empirical evidence to make this assertion.) This style might encourage potential readers to engage further with the manuscript due to their interest in a particular topic or finding. “Gayand Straight-Sounding Auditory Cues Elicit Stereotyping About Teaching Effectiveness” (Taylor & Raadt, 2020) is a recent and real example of a declarative title. Although I have no previous research experience with auditory cues or teaching stereotypes, my intrigue at the title caused me to download and read an article I might otherwise have scrolled past without much thought. “The Effects of Bourbon Drinking on Creating Manuscript Titles” is an example of a descriptive title. It is easy to tease out the variables (i.e., bourbon drinking, manuscript titles) and ponder their potential relationship. A would-be reader knows that some number of individuals in my study drank bourbon and created manuscript title
在网上搜索了几分钟后,我没有在任何地方找到这份手稿。事实证明,它还没有被写出来,但我相信我们中的许多人在过去曾试图将其作为一次性调查。当我在研究生院试图为我的论文构思一个合适的标题时,我可能已经尝试了两到三次,但这一切都很模糊。我希望我所创造的标题能让你至少读到这里。虽然为手稿创建标题似乎很容易,但我一直在思考标题在我自己的学术工作中的重要性。根据美国心理协会(2020)的说法,“标题应该简单地总结论文的主要思想,如果可能的话,以一种吸引读者的方式”(第31页)。除非我们正在寻找与我们自己的兴趣一致的手稿,否则标题可能是决定文章是否被普通读者阅读或下载的决定性因素。因此,如果你想让更多的人阅读你的手稿,这个建议似乎是一个明智的开始,当你制定你的标题。标题的一个问题是冗长。这可能就是为什么这些评论的原标题,“在阅读学生对你的教学和考虑新的职业道路的评论时,喝便宜的,中等价格的和昂贵的波旁酒对创作手稿标题的影响,”在出版前被编辑缩短了。有研究证据表明,标题较长的文章下载量低于标题较短的文章(Hallock & Dillner, 2016)。在考虑如何为你的下一篇论文命名时,有三种类型的标题被认为是最常见的:(1)陈述性的,(2)描述性的,(3)问题性的(Wager等人,2016)。陈述性标题通常包括所进行研究的主要发现。用我的愚蠢的例子,我可以写“喝波旁威士忌使手稿标题更好”。(我确实认为是这样,但我没有经验证据来证明这一点。)这种风格可能会鼓励潜在的读者进一步参与手稿,因为他们对一个特定的主题或发现感兴趣。“Gayand straight - sound听觉线索引发对教学效果的刻板印象”(Taylor & Raadt, 2020)是一个最新的、真实的陈述性标题的例子。虽然我之前没有关于听觉线索或教学刻板印象的研究经验,但我对标题的兴趣促使我下载并阅读了这篇文章,否则我可能会不动声色地浏览过去。“波旁酒对创作手稿标题的影响”是一个描述性标题的例子。很容易梳理出变量(例如,波旁威士忌的饮用,手稿的标题)并思考它们之间的潜在关系。想要读我书的人都知道,在我的书房里,有一些人喝着波旁威士忌,编着稿子标题——不然就是我典型的周五晚上。与陈述性标题类似,描述性标题也应该简洁而重点突出。在本期的《更新》中,Ang等人(2021)的“通过角色理论的视角看待音乐教育中的家长-教师关系:文献综述”是符合这一标准的描述性标题的一个例子。把你的标题写成一个问题会激起读者的好奇心。如果我选择“波旁酒能帮助作者创造更好的手稿标题吗?”而不是在我的假手稿中使用描述性标题呢?当被迫预测研究结果时,会触发一种“我需要知道”的机制。即使这个问题的答案看起来很明显(“是的,波旁威士忌当然有帮助!”),标题作为问题可能会鼓励潜在的读者查看摘要以了解更多信息,并且可能是文章是否被阅读的区别。一个真正的非音乐教育的例子,“工作:它有什么好处?(绝对没有)——一个批判理论家的视角”(Mumby, 2019),让我觉得这些评论快要结束了。考虑到之后的一切努力,标题可能看起来有些无关紧要,但这是文章被下载、阅读和引用的众多因素之一(有关全面审查,请参阅milojeviki, 2017)。985086 updxxx10 .1177/8755123320985086更新:音乐教育研究应用
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引用次数: 0
Effects of Three Common Choral Configurations on Acoustic and Perceptual Measures of a Soprano Section’s Sound 三种常见的合唱结构对女高音声部声音的声学和感知度量的影响
Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.1177/8755123320965935
Tianna M. Gilliam
The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of three choral configurations on a soprano section’s sound. The first configuration resembled a choir section without an assigned standing position, the second configuration grouped singers by timbre, and the third used acoustic-compatibility placement. Three conductors configured a university soprano section (N = 13) who were audio-recorded singing in each configuration and answered questions about their perceptions. Audio recordings were analyzed acoustically using long-term average spectra and perceptually through pitch analysis and listener perceptions. Results indicated that participants sang with significantly increased spectral energy in the acoustic-compatibility configuration (p < .001), and both singer and listener participants preferred intentional standing configurations over the random standing configuration. Findings from this study suggest that choral directors can use intentional configurations in conjunction with 2 ft intersinger spacing to improve singer comfort and overall sound.
本研究的目的是评估三种合唱配置对女高音部分声音的影响。第一种配置类似于没有指定站立位置的唱诗班部分,第二种配置根据音色对歌手进行分组,第三种配置使用声学兼容性放置。三位指挥家组成了一个大学女高音部分(N=13),他们在每种配置中都进行了录音演唱,并回答了关于他们感知的问题。录音使用长期平均频谱进行声学分析,并通过音高分析和听众感知进行感知分析。结果表明,在声学兼容性配置中,参与者唱歌的频谱能量显著增加(p<.001),歌手和听众参与者都更喜欢有意站立配置,而不是随机站立配置。这项研究的结果表明,合唱指挥可以使用有意的配置和2英尺的指间间距来提高歌手的舒适度和整体声音。
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引用次数: 1
High School Band Directors’ Perceptions and Applications of Democratic Rehearsal Procedures in Concert Band Rehearsals 高中乐队指挥对民主排练程序在音乐会乐队排练中的认知与应用
Pub Date : 2021-01-19 DOI: 10.1177/8755123321989299
Alec D. Scherer
The purpose of this study was to examine inservice high school band directors’ perceptions and applications of democratic rehearsal procedures in concert band rehearsals. Respondents (N = 216) were members of the National Association for Music Education who were currently teaching concert band at the high school level. Respondents indicated that “identify and describe opportunities for individual and ensemble performance improvement” and “student-led sectionals” were considered the most important democratic rehearsal procedures for their students to experience. These same procedures were also the most frequently used democratic rehearsal procedures. Analysis of open-ended responses revealed that respondents believed student ownership, student engagement, and student growth as musicians and leaders were advantages to implementing democratic rehearsal procedures. Potential disadvantages included issues related to student ability, rehearsal time limitations, unfamiliar classroom dynamics, and availability of classroom resources. Implications for music teachers are discussed.
本研究的目的是检验在职高中乐队指挥在音乐会乐队排练中对民主排练程序的看法和应用。受访者(N=216)是全国音乐教育协会的成员,目前在高中级别教授音乐会乐队。受访者表示,“识别和描述个人和集体表演改进的机会”和“学生主导的部分”被认为是学生体验的最重要的民主排练程序。这些程序也是最常用的民主预演程序。对开放式回答的分析显示,受访者认为学生所有权、学生参与度以及学生作为音乐家和领导者的成长是实施民主排练程序的优势。潜在的缺点包括与学生能力、排练时间限制、不熟悉的课堂动态和课堂资源的可用性有关的问题。讨论了对音乐教师的启示。
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引用次数: 5
Modern Band: A Review of Literature 现代乐队:文学评论
Pub Date : 2021-01-19 DOI: 10.1177/8755123320988528
Bryan Powell
The recent increase in popular music education in K–12 school music programs is in part due to the expansion of modern band programming throughout the United States. Modern band is a term used to describe school music ensembles that include popular music instruments and focus on performing music that is meaningful to the students while incorporating songwriting. The purpose of this literature review was to examine relevant research related to modern band music programs in the United States and provide implications for music teaching and learning. Music researchers and professionals have recently addressed specific issues related to increasing the diversity of school music programs, addressing elements of culturally responsive curricula, and positively affecting the social and emotional development of students through modern band. Throughout this literature review, I provide implications for music teachers and discuss areas for future research.
最近K-12学校音乐项目中流行音乐教育的增加,部分原因是现代乐队项目在美国各地的扩展。现代乐队是一个用来描述学校音乐合奏团的术语,包括流行乐器,专注于表演对学生有意义的音乐,同时融入歌曲创作。本文献综述的目的是考察与美国现代乐队音乐项目相关的研究,并为音乐教学提供启示。音乐研究人员和专业人士最近解决了与增加学校音乐课程多样性、解决文化响应课程要素以及通过现代乐队积极影响学生的社会和情感发展有关的具体问题。在这篇文献综述中,我为音乐教师提供了启示,并讨论了未来研究的领域。
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引用次数: 8
An Examination of Orchestras and Repertoire Performed at the Midwest Clinic From 1990 Through 2019 1990年至2019年在中西部诊所进行的管弦乐队和曲目检查
Pub Date : 2020-11-27 DOI: 10.1177/8755123320978776
John-Rine A. Zabanal
The purpose of this study was to examine invited orchestras and their selected repertoire at the Midwest Clinic from 1990 through 2019. A majority of invited orchestras (N = 261) were from the United States and primarily consisted of high school musicians. The most performed piece for full orchestra was Symphony No. 8, op. 88 by Dvořák and for string orchestra was Serenade, op. 48 by Tchaikovsky. The most performed full orchestra composer was Dvořák and string orchestra composer was Balmages. The most performed arranger for full orchestra was Meyer and for string orchestra was Dackow. Female composers and arrangers were vastly underrepresented compared with males and a majority of performed pieces conformed to the Western European music tradition. Orchestra directors may use findings from this study as a reference list of the most performed full and string orchestra pieces as well as popular composers and arrangers.
这项研究的目的是检查1990年至2019年在中西部诊所受邀的管弦乐队及其精选曲目。大多数受邀的管弦乐队(N=261)来自美国,主要由高中音乐家组成。全乐团演奏最多的作品是德沃夏克的《第八交响曲》作品88,而弦乐团演奏最多的是柴可夫斯基的《小夜曲》作品48。表演最多的全乐团作曲家是Dvořák,弦乐团作曲家是Balmages。全乐团演奏最多的编曲家是迈耶,弦乐团的编曲人是达科。与男性相比,女性作曲家和编曲家的代表性极低,大多数表演作品符合西欧音乐传统。管弦乐队指挥可以将这项研究的结果作为最受欢迎的全套和弦乐管弦乐队作品以及作曲家和编曲家的参考列表。
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引用次数: 6
Research-to-Resource: Instructional Strategies for Teaching Culturally Diverse Musics in Ensembles 研究-资源:乐团多元文化音乐教学策略
Pub Date : 2020-11-17 DOI: 10.1177/8755123320973464
Hyesoo Yoo
The inclusion of musics from varied cultural traditions in school music curricula has become increasingly important. Research findings indicate that providing students with opportunities to learn musics from diverse cultures can increase acceptance and appreciation of different cultures, enrich music and cultural experiences, and nurture intercultural competence. The following research-to-resource article provides eight instructional strategies for integrating culturally diverse musics into music classes more effectively. These eight strategies can help expose students to culturally diverse musics in more traditional ways and deepen their knowledge of music styles.
在学校音乐课程中纳入不同文化传统的音乐已经变得越来越重要。研究结果表明,为学生提供学习不同文化音乐的机会,可以增加对不同文化的接受和欣赏,丰富音乐和文化体验,培养跨文化能力。下面这篇从研究到资源的文章提供了八种教学策略,可以更有效地将文化多样性的音乐融入音乐课堂。这八种策略可以帮助学生以更传统的方式接触不同文化的音乐,加深他们对音乐风格的了解。
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引用次数: 5
Mentor Identification, Selection, Preparation, and Development: A Literature Review 导师的识别、选择、准备与发展:文献回顾
Pub Date : 2020-10-08 DOI: 10.1177/8755123320965138
Kristina R. Weimer
The purpose of this literature review was to examine education research on mentor identification, selection, preparation, and ongoing development. I organized the review in three main sections: (a) criteria for mentor identification and selection, (b) mentor preparation and development practices and processes, and (c) implications for music education. Potential mentors must possess a variety of professional and personal skills to effectively navigate their role and should be selected via a clearly defined and rigorous selection process. Sufficient preparation can increase mentor satisfaction, confidence, effectiveness, self-efficacy, and help enhance novice teacher effectiveness. The preparation and development process should be personalized and flexible, providing mentors a variety of materials and resources along with plentiful opportunities to reflect and interact with each other to share ideas, strategies, successes, and challenges.
这篇文献综述的目的是考察关于导师识别、选择、准备和持续发展的教育研究。我组织了三个主要部分的审查:(a)导师的确定和选择标准,(b)导师的准备和发展实践与过程,以及(c)对音乐教育的影响。潜在导师必须具备各种专业和个人技能,才能有效地发挥其作用,并且应通过明确和严格的选拔过程进行选拔。充分的准备可以提高导师的满意度、信心、有效性、自我效能感,并有助于提高新手教师的有效性。准备和发展过程应该是个性化和灵活的,为导师提供各种材料和资源,并提供充足的机会相互反思和互动,分享想法、战略、成功和挑战。
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引用次数: 7
Comments From the Editor: Looking Back (and Forward) With Gratitude 编辑点评:感恩地回顾(和展望)
Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/8755123320962285
B. Silvey
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引用次数: 0
“I Didn’t Know I Could do That!” Student and Teacher Perceptions of an Independent Choral Music Learning Project “我不知道我能做到!”学生和老师对独立合唱音乐学习项目的看法
Pub Date : 2020-09-21 DOI: 10.1177/8755123320961083
Marshall Haning
Through the use of an intrinsic case study, I investigated student and teacher perceptions of a collaborative and student-directed music learning approach in a high school choral classroom. Students (N = 29) in a beginning high school choir were asked to choose and learn a piece of repertoire without substantive input or help from the choral teacher. Results indicated that students completed this project successfully and achieved a well-received public performance of the piece. Students reported a strong sense of accomplishment as well as increased collaboration skills and opportunities to apply their music knowledge. Although students and teacher acknowledged some social conflicts and relatively high levels of social loafing and off-task behavior during this project, these challenges did not seem to reduce the overall perception of success.
通过使用一个内在的案例研究,我调查了学生和老师对高中合唱课堂上合作和学生指导的音乐学习方法的看法。高中初合唱团的学生(N=29)被要求在没有合唱老师实质性投入或帮助的情况下选择并学习一段曲目。结果表明,学生们圆满完成了该项目,并获得了好评。学生们表现出强烈的成就感,合作技能和应用音乐知识的机会也有所提高。尽管学生和老师承认在这个项目中存在一些社会冲突和相对较高的社交懒散和脱离任务的行为,但这些挑战似乎并没有降低人们对成功的总体看法。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Update (Music Educators National Conference (U.S.))
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