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Understanding Users’ Perceptions of Bicycle-Sharing Systems in Chinese Cities: Evidence from Beijing and Guangzhou 了解中国城市用户对共享单车系统的看法:来自北京和广州的证据
Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.3390/urbansci7030095
Yi Zhu, Wanchen Diao, Hu Zhao
Decades ago, bicycles used to play an important role in urban transportation in Chinese cities, but they have been gradually replaced by private cars, metro, buses, and some other modes, owning to the fast-growing mobility demand as a result of urban expansion and motorization. However, in recent years, with the development of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and the initiative of the sharing economy, bike-sharing systems (BSSs) have been implemented extensively in Chinese cities. Their usage patterns can be revealed via system-generated data, yet less is known about users’ attitudes towards and preferences for these systems. In this study, we draw on two surveys conducted in Guangzhou and Beijing on the perceptions of travelers using BSSs to estimate the effect of demographic factors, bicycle ownership, and trip-level factors on the willingness and potential frequency of BSS usage. In addition, a latent class model is built to analyze the different aspects of theses systems concerned with different types of urban travelers. It is found that respondents’ age, occupation, income, mode combination, and the proximity of origin or destination to the docking station, etc., influence the willingness and frequency of using BSSs. In addition, respondents generally value features such as the proximity of docking stations to trip destinations, safety to ride, and appropriate level of fare. However, different latent classes show a different preference for other features of BSSs. According to the model results, proposals are given for the improvement of the existing systems in Chinese cities.
几十年前,自行车在中国城市交通中扮演着重要的角色,但由于城市扩张和机动化带来的快速增长的出行需求,它们已逐渐被私家车、地铁、公共汽车和其他一些交通方式所取代。然而,近年来,随着信息通信技术(ICT)的发展和共享经济的倡议,共享单车系统(bss)已在中国城市广泛实施。它们的使用模式可以通过系统生成的数据来揭示,但用户对这些系统的态度和偏好却知之甚少。在这项研究中,我们借鉴了在广州和北京进行的两次关于使用BSS的旅行者的看法的调查,以估计人口因素、自行车拥有量和出行水平因素对使用BSS的意愿和潜在频率的影响。此外,本文还建立了一个潜在类别模型来分析这些系统对不同类型的城市旅行者的不同方面。研究发现,被调查者的年龄、职业、收入、模式组合、出发地或目的地距离对接站的远近等因素会影响其使用车贴服务的意愿和频率。此外,受访者普遍看重诸如停靠站与旅行目的地的距离、骑行的安全性以及适当的票价水平等特征。然而,不同的潜在类别对bss的其他特征表现出不同的偏好。根据模型的结果,提出了中国城市现有系统的改进建议。
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引用次数: 0
Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Technological Advances, Impacts and Challenges in the Management of Healthy and Sustainable Environments 室内环境质量(IEQ)和可持续发展目标(sdg):健康和可持续环境管理中的技术进步、影响和挑战
Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.3390/urbansci7030096
Iasmin Lourenço Niza, Ana Maria Bueno, Evandro Eduardo Broday
The growing concern for sustainability is evident, given the importance of guaranteeing resources for the next generations, especially in the face of increasing energy consumption in buildings. Regardless of the context, people seek comfort, which makes investigating Indoor Environmental Quality crucial. This covers aspects such as indoor air, temperature, noise and lighting, positively impacting quality of life, reducing stress, saving energy and promoting health, well-being and productivity. A literature review was conducted using the Scopus and PubMed databases to analyze technological advances and challenges in managing healthy and sustainable environments, focusing on the relationship between Indoor Environmental Quality and the Sustainable Development Goals. Initially, 855 articles were identified, of which 123 were selected based on established criteria. Three research questions (RQs) were formulated, leading to the following conclusions. (i) The assessment of sustainability in buildings is crucial, encompassing economic, social and environmental aspects. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the importance of adapting energy strategies, thereby contributing to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals through the utilization of advanced technologies that promote healthy and efficient environments. (ii) Evaluations have evolved, ranging from energy savings to human well-being and mental health, including disease prevention strategies. (iii) Challenges in managing the promotion of Indoor Environmental Quality include excessive resource consumption, emissions and economic–environmental balance.
考虑到为下一代保障资源的重要性,特别是在建筑物能源消耗不断增加的情况下,对可持续性的日益关注是显而易见的。无论环境如何,人们都在寻求舒适,这使得调查室内环境质量至关重要。这包括室内空气、温度、噪音和照明等方面,对生活质量产生积极影响,减轻压力,节约能源,促进健康、福祉和生产力。利用Scopus和PubMed数据库进行文献综述,分析管理健康和可持续环境的技术进步和挑战,重点关注室内环境质量与可持续发展目标之间的关系。最初,确定了855篇文章,其中123篇是根据既定标准选择的。制定了三个研究问题(RQs),得出以下结论。(i)评价建筑物的可持续性是至关重要的,包括经济、社会和环境方面。此外,2019冠状病毒病大流行凸显了调整能源战略的重要性,从而通过利用促进健康和高效环境的先进技术,为实现可持续发展目标作出贡献。㈡评价的范围从节约能源到人类福祉和精神健康,包括疾病预防战略。管理促进室内环境质量方面的挑战包括过度的资源消耗、排放和经济-环境平衡。
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引用次数: 0
Towards Sustainable Cities: Utilizing Computer Vision and AI for Efficient Public Lighting and Energy Management 迈向可持续城市:利用计算机视觉和人工智能实现高效公共照明和能源管理
Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-09-06 DOI: 10.3390/urbansci7030094
A. S. Vanin, P. Belan
This study showcases the optimization of public lighting systems using computer vision with an emphasis on the YOLO algorithm for pedestrian detection, aiming to reduce energy expenses. In a time when the demand for electricity is escalating due to factors like taxes and urban expansion, it is imperative to explore strategies to cut costs. One pivotal area is public lighting management. Presently, governments are transitioning from sodium vapor lighting to LED lamps, which already contributes to decreasing consumption. In this scenario, computer vision systems, particularly using YOLO, have the potential to further reduce consumption by adjusting the power of LED lamps based on pedestrian traffic. Additionally, this paper employs fuzzy logic to calculate lamp power based on detected pedestrians and ambient lighting, ensuring compliance with the NBR 5101:2018 standard. Tests with public surveillance camera images and simulations validated the proposal. Upon implementing this project in practice, a 45% reduction in public lighting consumption was observed compared to conventional LED lighting.
这项研究展示了使用计算机视觉优化公共照明系统,重点是用于行人检测的YOLO算法,旨在降低能源成本。在电力需求因税收和城市扩张等因素而不断升级的时代,探索削减成本的策略势在必行。一个关键领域是公共照明管理。目前,各国政府正在从钠蒸汽照明过渡到LED灯,这已经有助于降低消费。在这种情况下,计算机视觉系统,特别是使用YOLO,有可能通过根据行人流量调整LED灯的功率来进一步降低功耗。此外,本文采用模糊逻辑根据检测到的行人和环境照明来计算灯功率,确保符合NBR 5101:2018标准。对公共监控摄像机图像的测试和模拟验证了该提议。在实践中实施该项目时,与传统LED照明相比,公共照明消耗减少了45%。
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引用次数: 0
Disentangling the Relationship between Urban Form and Urban Resilience: A Systematic Literature Review 解构城市形态与城市韧性的关系:系统文献综述
Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-09-04 DOI: 10.3390/urbansci7030093
Ahmed Hazem Eldesoky, Walid Samir Abdeldayem
The concept of resilience was only recently introduced into urban studies to address the complexity and future uncertainty in cities. In particular, the interest in better understanding how it can be integrated into studying urban form—as the raw material of urban planning/design and key for the sustainability of cities—has been growing. However, resilience is a polysemic concept with different meanings/interpretations, which creates ambiguity and challenges in its operationalization. This paper resolves this issue through a systematic review of 106 peer-reviewed publications guided by recurring questions in the literature (e.g., resilience of/through what? To what? For whom? How? When? Where?). The results showed that the urban form–resilience relationship is complex, where many urban form elements can influence resilience to a great many disturbances (general/specified). In facing these disturbances, urban form exhibits different performances (i.e., persistence, adaptability and transformability) and where it can be either persistent/adaptable/transformable itself or can enhance people’s persistence/adaptation capacities. The review also showed that there are many actors for urban form resilience and potential trade-offs. Finally, an overview of existing definitions of urban form resilience is provided to improve clarity in the field, and examples of general urban planning/design recommendations were formulated to enhance the resilience of different urban form elements.
弹性的概念最近才被引入到城市研究中,以解决城市的复杂性和未来的不确定性。特别是,人们越来越有兴趣更好地理解如何将其整合到城市形态的研究中——作为城市规划/设计的原材料和城市可持续性的关键。然而,弹性是一个多义概念,具有不同的含义/解释,这在其操作过程中产生了歧义和挑战。本文通过对106篇同行评议出版物的系统综述来解决这一问题,并以文献中反复出现的问题为指导(例如,通过什么来恢复?什么?为谁?如何?什么时候?在哪里?)。结果表明,城市形态与恢复力的关系是复杂的,许多城市形态要素可以影响城市对多种干扰(一般/特定)的恢复力。面对这些干扰,城市形态表现出不同的表现(即持久性、适应性和可转化性),既可以自身具有持久性/适应性/可转化性,也可以增强人们的持久性/适应能力。该审查还表明,城市形态弹性和潜在的权衡有许多因素。最后,概述了城市形态弹性的现有定义,以提高该领域的清晰度,并制定了一般城市规划/设计建议的示例,以增强不同城市形态元素的弹性。
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引用次数: 0
Identifying Suitable Variables for Visual Aesthetic Quality Assessment of Permanent Forest Reserves in the Klang Valley Urban Area, Malaysia 马来西亚巴生谷市区永久森林保护区视觉美学质量评估的适宜变量识别
Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.3390/urbansci7030092
Riyadh Mundher, Shamsul Abu Bakar, S. Maulan, Hangyu Gao, M. J. Mohd Yusof, Azlizam Aziz, Ammar Al-Sharaa
Permanent forest reserves (PFR) in urban areas are an integral aspect of the urban forest concept and the basis of a city’s green infrastructure. The preservation of natural forests in urban areas has become a widely researched topic due to the environmental, social, and economic benefits provided by it. Although several studies have shown that visual aesthetics play a role in preserving natural forests in urban areas, visual aesthetic value is typically not prioritized in preservation plans since it varies based on the physical characteristics of natural forests in urban areas, making it difficult to measure universally. Therefore, this research aims to identify the suitable variables for assessing the visual aesthetic quality of permanent forest reserves within urban areas in Malaysia. This study selected two permanent forest reserves based on four criteria. Data were collected via participant-generated images taken along selected forest trails based on participant visual aesthetic preferences. Researchers and experts analyzed and classified the data according to content to identify suitable visual aesthetic quality variables. This research identified 14 suitable variables for assessing the visual aesthetics of PFRs in urban areas, with a dominant preference for information-processing theory variables. Mystery was the most present variable for the visual aesthetic quality assessment of PFRs. Furthermore, participants’ educational and emotional backgrounds, categorized as design, environmental, social, and technical, impacted their visual aesthetic preferences. Our findings serve as a foundation for assessing the visual aesthetic quality of natural forests within urban areas in Malaysia.
城市地区的永久森林保护区是城市森林概念的一个组成部分,也是城市绿色基础设施的基础。由于城市地区的天然林所带来的环境、社会和经济效益,其保护已成为一个广泛研究的话题。尽管多项研究表明视觉美学在保护城市地区的自然林方面发挥着作用,在保护计划中,视觉美学价值通常不会被优先考虑,因为它因城市地区天然林的物理特征而异,因此很难普遍衡量。因此,本研究旨在确定合适的变量,以评估马来西亚城市地区永久森林保护区的视觉美学质量。本研究基于四个标准选择了两个永久性森林保护区。数据是通过参与者生成的图像收集的,这些图像是根据参与者的视觉审美偏好沿着选定的森林小径拍摄的。研究人员和专家根据内容对数据进行分析和分类,以确定合适的视觉美学质量变量。本研究确定了14个适合评估城市地区PFR视觉美学的变量,其中信息处理理论变量占主导地位。神秘感是PFR视觉美学质量评估中最常见的变量。此外,参与者的教育和情感背景,如设计、环境、社会和技术,影响了他们的视觉审美偏好。我们的发现为评估马来西亚城市地区天然林的视觉美学质量奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 0
The Influence of Transportation Accessibility on Traffic Volumes in South Korea: An Extreme Gradient Boosting Approach 韩国交通可达性对交通量的影响:一种极端梯度提升方法
Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-08-25 DOI: 10.3390/urbansci7030091
Sangwan Lee, Jicheol Yang, Kuk Cho, Dooyong Cho
This study explored how transportation accessibility and traffic volumes for automobiles, buses, and trucks are related. This study employed machine learning techniques, specifically the extreme gradient boosting decision tree model (XGB) and Shapley Values (SHAP), with national data sources in South Korea collected from the Korea Transport Institute, Statistics Korea, and National Spatial Data Infrastructure Portal. Several key findings of feature importance and plots in non-linear relationships are as follows: First, accessibility indicators exhibited around 5 to 10% of feature importance except for Mart (around 50%). Second, better accessibility to public transportation infrastructures, such as bus stops and transit stations, was associated with higher annual average daily traffic (AADT), particularly in metropolitan areas including Seoul and Busan. Third, access to large-scale markets may have unintended effects on traffic volumes for both vehicles and automobiles. Fourth, it was shown that lower rates of AADT were associated with higher accessibility to elementary schools for all three modes of transportation. This study contributes to (1) understanding complex relationships between the variables, (2) emphasizing the role of transportation accessibility in transportation plans and policies, and (3) offering relevant policy implications.
本研究探讨了汽车、公共汽车和卡车的交通可达性和交通量之间的关系。本研究采用了机器学习技术,特别是极端梯度提升决策树模型(XGB)和Shapley值(SHAP),并从韩国交通研究所、韩国统计局和国家空间数据基础设施门户网站收集了韩国的国家数据源。特征重要性和非线性关系图的几个关键发现如下:首先,除Mart(约50%)外,可达性指标表现出约5%至10%的特征重要性。其次,公交车站和中转站等公共交通基础设施的可及性提高与年平均日交通量(AADT)增加有关,尤其是在首尔和釜山等大都市地区。第三,进入大规模市场可能会对车辆和汽车的交通量产生意想不到的影响。第四,研究表明,AADT率较低与所有三种交通方式的小学入学率较高有关。这项研究有助于(1)理解变量之间的复杂关系,(2)强调交通可达性在交通计划和政策中的作用,以及(3)提供相关的政策含义。
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引用次数: 0
Environmental Monitoring in Bus Transportation Using a Developed Measurement System 基于先进测量系统的公共汽车运输环境监测
Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-08-24 DOI: 10.3390/urbansci7030090
Apostol Todorov, Petya Gicheva, V. Stoykova, S. Karapetkov, H. Uzunov, S. Dechkova, Z. Zlatev
Air pollution and travel comfort in public transport is a significant problem as it can cause health problems for passengers. There are no sufficiently developed and researched monitoring systems for measuring the quality of the environment in public transport, which makes it difficult to assess the extent of the problem and implement effective solutions. This study presents the results of measurements made with a developed system for assessing air pollution and environmental quality in urban transport. Two time periods were defined based on air pollution and traffic levels, and informational features were selected for bus stops and buses. Noise was found not to be an informative feature, but vehicle acceleration should be considered in environmental quality monitoring. A quadratic discriminant classifier combined with principal components was shown to accurately classify high and low pollution time periods. Further research is planned to investigate the relationship between air pollution and travel discomfort and to develop effective strategies to improve air quality in urban public transport.
公共交通中的空气污染和出行舒适度是一个重大问题,因为它会给乘客带来健康问题。由于没有充分开发和研究的监测系统来衡量公共交通的环境质量,因此很难评估问题的严重程度并实施有效的解决方案。这项研究介绍了使用一个开发的城市交通空气污染和环境质量评估系统进行的测量结果。根据空气污染和交通水平定义了两个时间段,并为公共汽车站和公共汽车选择了信息特征。噪声不是一个信息特征,但在环境质量监测中应考虑车辆加速度。将主成分与二次判别分类器相结合,可以准确地对高污染时段和低污染时段进行分类。计划进一步研究空气污染与出行不适之间的关系,并制定有效的策略来改善城市公共交通的空气质量。
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引用次数: 0
Current Plastic Waste Status and Its Leakage at Tam Giang–Cau Hai Lagoon System in Central Vietnam 越南中部Tam Giang–Cau Hai泻湖系统的塑料垃圾现状及其泄漏
Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-08-23 DOI: 10.3390/urbansci7030089
Nguyễn Bắc Giang, Tran Ngoc Tuan, H. C. Tin, Duong Thanh Chung, T. N. Ni, Ngo Huu Binh, D. Nhung, Leah C. Tuan, Te Minh Son, Nguyễn Lê Bảo Khuyên
Plastic waste poses a significant threat to the environment, impacting both aquatic ecosystems and human health. This study aimed to quantify the leakage of plastic waste from urban and rural areas into the Tam Giang–Cau Hai lagoon system area in Vietnam. The research involved conducting surveys and sampling plastic waste in wards and communes surrounding the Tam Giang–Cau Hai lagoon system, as well as utilizing a waste flow diagram to calculate the amount of plastic waste leakage into the environment. The findings of the study reveal that the annual plastic leakage in this study area is approximately 479 tons. The majority of this waste enters the water body system, accounting for 74.1% of the total leakage, followed by land areas at 23.4% and land burning at 2.5%. Among the sources contributing to the wastewater flow in the area, households and markets were found to be the two primary contributors. Household waste accounted for 70.4% (2806 tons year−1) of the total, while the market sources accounted for 16.9% (675 tons year−1). This study marks the inaugural effort to assess the extent of plastic waste released from Hue City into the Tam Giang–Cau Hai lagoon system. It plays a pivotal role in examining the makeup, source of plastic waste and path of plastic waste leakage.
塑料垃圾对环境构成重大威胁,影响水生生态系统和人类健康。本研究旨在量化塑料垃圾从城市和农村地区泄漏到越南Tam Giang–Cau Hai泻湖系统区域的情况。该研究涉及对Tam Giang–Cau Hai泻湖系统周围的病房和社区的塑料垃圾进行调查和采样,并利用垃圾流程图计算塑料垃圾泄漏到环境中的数量。研究结果表明,该研究区域的年塑料泄漏量约为479吨。这些废物大部分进入水体系统,占总渗漏量的74.1%,其次是土地面积,占23.4%,土地焚烧占2.5%。在造成该地区废水流量的来源中,家庭和市场是两个主要贡献者。生活垃圾占总量的70.4%(2806吨-年-1),而市场来源占16.9%(675吨-年-2)。这项研究标志着首次评估顺化市向淡江-高海泻湖系统排放的塑料垃圾的范围。它在检测塑料垃圾的组成、来源和泄漏路径方面发挥着关键作用。
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引用次数: 0
The Scale of Urbanism 城市主义的规模
Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-08-17 DOI: 10.3390/urbansci7030087
E. Talen
While scale is an essential factor in discussions about sustainable cities, there is no common understanding of what scale is or how it should be measured. This paper sheds light on the issue of scale by suggesting how it might be measured and evaluated. My purpose is to offer both a methodological and empirical contribution to the understanding of scale, using Chicago as a case study. Using historical Sanborn maps, I first investigate scale change over time, focusing on a selection of 31 sites that are now “mega-developments” but were originally composed of small-scale buildings and blocks. I quantify that the historical urban fabric had five times as many buildings, and a much higher percentage of buildings with mixed use. I then look at the city as a whole and compare urban scale to pedestrian quality to assess whether there is a quantifiable difference between large- and small-scale urbanism. I find that, at least for Chicago, small scale urbanism is associated with higher pedestrian quality. For the third part of the analysis, I correlate scale and socio-economic characteristics at the census tract level. The results illuminate a mixed set of differences between scale and socio-economic characteristics like income and housing value.
虽然规模是讨论可持续城市的一个重要因素,但对于什么是规模或如何衡量规模,人们并没有共同的理解。这篇论文通过提出如何测量和评估尺度问题来阐明尺度问题。我的目的是用芝加哥作为案例研究,为理解规模提供方法论和实证贡献。利用历史上的桑伯恩地图,我首先调查了规模随时间的变化,重点关注了31个地点,这些地点现在是“大型开发项目”,但最初是由小规模的建筑和街区组成的。我量化了历史城市结构的建筑数量是原来的五倍,混合用途的建筑比例要高得多。然后,我将整个城市作为一个整体,并将城市规模与行人质量进行比较,以评估大规模和小规模城市化之间是否存在可量化的差异。我发现,至少在芝加哥,小规模的城市化与更高的行人质量有关。在分析的第三部分,我将人口普查区的规模和社会经济特征联系起来。研究结果揭示了规模与收入和住房价值等社会经济特征之间的一系列复杂差异。
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引用次数: 0
Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Drought Forecasting on Rivers of South India 南印度河流干旱预测的时空分析
Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-08-17 DOI: 10.3390/urbansci7030088
Ayub Shaikh, Kul Vaibhav Sharma, Vijendra Kumar, Karan Singh
Extreme weather events such as droughts are catastrophic and can have serious consequences for people and the environment. Drought may be managed if measures are taken in advance. The success of this endeavor depends on a number of factors, not the least of which is accurate descriptions and measurements of drought conditions. Reducing the negative consequences of droughts requires an early forecast of drought conditions. The primary objective of this research is, hence, to establish a process for the assessment and prediction of drought. The drought evaluation was carried out using the standards established by the SPI and the Indian Meteorological Department. Maps of drought severity were generated using severe drought data. Thirty years' worth of SPI readings was analyzed. Fuzzy-based drought forecasting model parameters were determined during a 25-year period, and the model was validated throughout the remaining years. The findings of this study can be used by the community to help combat the drought. Before the drought worsens, the local government can implement lifesaving mitigating measures.
干旱等极端天气事件是灾难性的,可能对人类和环境造成严重后果。如果提前采取措施,干旱是可以控制的。这一努力的成功取决于许多因素,其中最重要的是对干旱条件的准确描述和测量。减少干旱的负面影响需要对干旱条件进行早期预报。因此,这项研究的主要目的是建立一个评估和预测干旱的过程。干旱评估是使用SPI和印度气象部门制定的标准进行的。干旱严重程度图是利用严重干旱数据生成的。分析了30年的SPI读数。确定了25年的模糊干旱预测模型参数,并对模型进行了验证。这项研究的结果可以被社区用来帮助对抗干旱。在干旱恶化之前,当地政府可以实施挽救生命的缓解措施。
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引用次数: 0
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Urban science (Basel, Switzerland)
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