American journal of dentistry最新文献

Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence of acute periapical abscesses (PAs) in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs).

Methods: Integrated data of hospital patients was used. Data from the corresponding diagnosis codes for Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis (UC), and PAs were analyzed by querying the appropriate ICD-10 codes in the database.

Results: Out of 7,455 Crohn's patients, 121 were affected with acute PAs. Out of 7,352 UC patients, 115 were affected with acute PAs. In both diseases, females were more affected than males, and whites were more affected than African Americans and other ethnicities. The odds ratio (OR) for acute PAs in patients with Crohn's disease was 2.69. The OR for acute PAs in patients with UC was 2.51. The difference in prevalence compared to the total hospital patient population was statistically significant (P< 0.0001). In Crohn's patients, after adjustment for smoking and diabetes co-morbidities, the OR for acute PAs was 1.51 and 2.08, respectively. The difference in prevalence as compared to the total hospital patient population was statistically significant (P< 0.001) and (P< 0.0001), respectively. In UC patients, after adjustment for smoking and diabetes co-morbidities, the OR for acute PAs was 1.44 and 1.46, respectively. The difference in prevalence as compared to the total hospital patient population was statistically significant (P< 0.005).

Clinical significance: Clinicians should be cognizant of the possible higher prevalence of periapical abscesses in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases.

Purpose: To evaluate, in the laboratory, the effect of whitening toothpastes Colgate Luminous White Lovers Coffee (CLWC) and Wine (CLWW) on dental enamel stained with coffee and red wine, regarding color (ΔEab*, ΔE₀₀, WID) and surface roughness (Ra).

Methods: 130 samples of bovine incisors were randomly divided into 13 groups (n=10): NC (without staining and brushing); CMP - Colgate Maximum Cavity Protection; CT12 - Colgate Total 12; CLWC - Colgate Luminous White Lovers (Coffee); CLWW - Colgate Luminous White Lovers (Wine); CT12_C - coffee + CT12; CMP_C - coffee + CMP; CLWC_C - coffee + CLWC; NC_C - coffee + distilled water; CT12_W - wine + CT12; CMP_W - wine + CMP; CLWW_W - wine + CLWW and NC_W - wine + distilled water. All analyses were performed twice: Baseline (T0) and 24 hours after brushing protocol (T1). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were obtained. The data were subjected to Shapiro-Wilk normality tests. Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests were used for comparisons between groups for color and Ra, and paired Wilcoxon test was used for comparisons between time for Ra. The significance level was 5%.

Results: There was a significant difference between groups for ΔEab*, ΔE₀₀, and WID. CLWW_W group showed significantly greater Ra than NC and NC_C at T1. CLWW_W showed a higher erosion of the enamel surface. CLWC and CLWW promoted effective removal of extrinsic staining when exposed to specific staining with coffee and red wine. However, CLWW increased the enamel surface roughness of the samples stained with red wine.

Clinical significance: Whitening toothpastes effectively removed coffee- and wine-induced stains, but their abrasive potential, especially after wine exposure, may increase enamel roughness. Clinicians should weigh whitening benefits against possible enamel damage when recommending such products.

Purpose: To evaluate the laboratory effects on human dentin tubules of the single or combined use of grape seed extract (GSE), Er,Cr:YSGG laser and fluoride.

Methods: Dentin discs were separated into six groups: Group 1 (control), Group 2 (Er,Cr:YSGG laser), Group 3 (fluoride), Group 4 (fluoride+Er,Cr:YSGG laser), Group 5 (GSE), and Group 6 (GSE+Er,Cr:YSGG laser). The number of closed and semi-closed tubules and the tubule diameters in all the samples were evaluated using SEM analysis.

Results: In the comparisons of the number of closed dentin tubules, the combined applications (fluoride+Er,Cr:YSGG laser and GSE+Er,Cr:YSGG laser) were seen to be significantly better than the other groups. The most number of closed dentin tubules were observed in Group 4 (fluoride+Er,Cr:YSGG laser).

Clinical significance: The results of this study demonstrated that the incorporation of grape seed extract into dental treatment may offer clinicians an additional option to traditional desensitizing agents, particularly for patients seeking plant-based or minimally processed therapeutic approaches.

Purpose: To compare the accuracy of stereophotogrammetry (SPG), intraoral scanning (IOS), intraoral scanning with prefabricated splint scan body (IOSS) with the conventional impression technique (CI) for implant-supported fixed full-arch restorations.

Methods: Four digital files were obtained for each patient's full arch: a reference scan (laboratory scan of the plaster model obtained by CI) and three test scans (IOS, IOSS, and SPG). The digital files were converted into multi-unit abutment analogs using a digital library. Data were entered into a three-dimensional analysis software to evaluate the distance and angular deviations of the three digital impression techniques relative to the conventional impression technique.

Results: A total of 18 edentulous arches were included. Using CI as a reference, SPG exhibited a significant advantage in distance deviation, with significantly lower deviation values compared to IOS and IOSS. Additionally, SPG demonstrated superiority in angular deviation compared to IOS. There were no significant differences between IOS and IOSS in terms of distance or angular deviation. Neither the implant position nor the number of implants significantly affected the distance and angular deviation of SPG and IOSS. However, IOS exhibited increased distance deviation with a higher number of implants, and mandibular implants showed greater location deviation compared to maxillary implants. In all three digital groups, there was no significant correlation between distance and angular deviation with implant system.

Clinical significance: Stereophotogrammetry (SPG) demonstrated high accuracy, meeting clinical requirements for edentulous patients and enhancing the digital workflow. Intraoral scanning with prefabricated splint scan body (IOSS) provided better accuracy than intraoral scanning (IOS), meeting clinical demands effectively.

Purpose: To evaluate surface properties of three calcium silicate-based cements (CSCs) after exposure to bleaching agents.

Methods: 80 samples of each CSC (Biodentine, MTA Angelus, and MTA Repair HP) were prepared and allocated into four groups (n = 20): three groups were exposed to bleaching agents (sodium perborate, carbamide peroxide, and hydrogen peroxide) three times at 4-day intervals and one control group. The surface microhardness, indentation depth (n=10) and surface roughness (n=10) were measured. The surface morphology and elemental composition was examined using scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis.

Results: All bleaching agents induced morphological alterations and affected elemental distribution. Both hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide significantly reduced the microhardness of all CSCs, with hydrogen peroxide causing significantly greater reduction than carbamide peroxide. Both hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide significantly increased indentation depth of all CSCs, with hydrogen peroxide causing a significantly greater increase than carbamide peroxide. All bleaching agents caused a significant increase in surface roughness of all CSCs, with hydrogen peroxide causing the highest increase, followed by carbamide peroxide and sodium perborate. In all groups, Biodentine exhibited lower roughness, lower indentation depth, and higher microhardness compared to MTA Angelus and MTA Repair HP.

Clinical significance: The findings suggest that Biodentine exhibited more favorable surface properties compared to MTA Angelus and MTA Repair HP after exposure to bleaching agents, while sodium perborate caused fewer adverse effects than carbamide peroxide and hydrogen peroxide. The choice of CSC and bleaching agent may influence the long-term stability of cervical barriers.

Purpose: To evaluate the laboratory effects of different whitening toothpastes on resin composite with respect to color change and surface roughness.

Methods: A total of 50 disc-shaped specimens were prepared from a microhybrid composite (Zenchrom). The samples were randomly divided into five groups for the application of four different whitening toothpastes (Opalescence Whitening Toothpaste, Rocs Sensation Whitening, Luis Bien Active Carbon Toothpaste and Sparkly White Herbal Toothpaste) and one non-whitening toothpaste (Signal Anti-Caries Toothpaste) (n=10). For staining, the samples were kept in coffee solution. Then, all samples were brushed 5,000 strokes with a toothbrush device to simulate a 6-month brushing period. Color measurements of the specimens after staining and brushing were performed using a spectrophotometer. Surface roughness measurements were performed using a mechanical profilometer. The Shapiro-Wilk test, one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis H test were used for the statistical analysis of the data (P<  0.05).

Results: Following the brushing procedures, a significant increase in surface roughness was observed in all the samples (P<  0.05). When the roughness values were compared between the groups after 6 months of brushing, a statistically significant increase in surface roughness was observed with Signal Anti-Caries Toothpaste compared to Luis Bien and Opalescence (P< 0.05). In the evaluations of the color changes, all the toothpastes had whitening effects, but no statistically significant difference was detected between the toothpastes with respect to whitening performance (P> 0.05).

Clinical significance: Whitening toothpastes may lighten the color of the resin composite tested, but they can also increase surface roughness. Therefore, dentists should guide patients in selecting appropriate toothpaste products.

Purpose: To assess the influence of the resin-based substrate shade and the single-shade resin composite thickness on color matching ability.

Methods: Discs (Ø6 x 2 mm) made from a conventional resin composite (Z350 XT) simulated high- (B1B), medium- (A3B), and low-luminosity (C3B) substrates. Each disc (n=10) received sequential increments of the following single-shade resin composites: Palfique Omnichroma (PO) or Vittra APS Unique (VU), at thicknesses of 0.5, 1 and 2 mm. Color parameters [CIEL*a*b*, Vita Scale (SGU), ΔEab, and ΔE₀₀] were determined for conventional resin composite and post-application measurement of single-shade resin composite thicknesses. Statistical analyses included the Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn, Friedman, or Nemenyi tests (α= 0.05).

Results: The ΔEab and ΔE₀₀ values were significantly lower for PO than for VU (P< 0.05). At 1 mm, a decrease in L* values were observed for both resin composites and substrates (P< 0.05). The lowest ΔSGU values were recorded on the high-luminosity substrate (B1B), regardless of the applied thickness (P< 0.05).

Clinical significance: Single-shade resin composites did not completely match the resin substrate. Palfique Omnichroma outperformed Vittra APS Unique in all aspects, particularly in showing less overall color change, and especially when applied over high-luminosity resin substrates.

Purpose: To evaluate the laboratory potential secondary caries reduction of restorative dental materials.

Methods: 20 maxillary molars received Class V cavities on both buccal and lingual surfaces with enamel and root surface margins adjacent to the restorations. The teeth were randomly assigned into four groups with five teeth per group. The treatment groups were: (1) Filtek Bulk Fil (negative control); (2) Equia Forte glass-ionomer (positive control); (3) Beautifil giomer (fluoride releasing); and (4) Activa Restorative (fluoride releasing). All teeth were restored following the manufacturers' instructions. All teeth received 10,000 thermal cycles followed by immersion in a demineralizing solution to produce artificial caries-like lesions. Polarized light microscope evaluation was performed on longitudinal sections (30 enamel lesions per the ten Cate method, and 30 root surface lesions per group). Lesion depth and wall lesions for both enamel and root surface adjacent to the restorations were evaluated using ANOVA and Duncan's Multiple Range test (P< 0.05).

Results: On enamel surfaces, a significantly increased difference was seen with Filtek Bulk Fil compared with the other restorative materials for primary surface lesion depths and wall lesion frequency (P< 0.05: ANOVA and Duncan's Multiple Range Test). Significant difference was found with Activa Restorative (significantly less) compared with Equia Forte glass ionomer and Beautifil Giomer for primary surface lesion depths and wall lesion frequency (P< 0.05: ANOVA and Duncan's Multiple Range Test). On root surfaces, a significantly increased difference was recorded with Filtek Bulk Fil compared with the other restorative materials for primary surface lesion depths and wall lesion frequency (P< 0.05: ANOVA and Duncan's Multiple Range Test). A significant difference was found with Activa Restorative (significantly less) compared with Equia Forte glass ionomer and Beautifil giomer for primary surface lesion depths and wall lesion frequency (P< 0.05: ANOVA and Duncan's Multiple Range Test).

Clinical significance: Both lesion depth and frequency of wall lesions in the enamel and root surfaces adjacent to the restorations in all treatment groups were significantly (P< 0.05) reduced compared with the control group for a enamel and root cavosurface wall lesions, which may imply effect of fluoride release from fluoride-containing restorative materials vs non-fluoride containing ones. Activa Restorative, compared to Equia Forte glass ionomer and Beautifil giomer, showed statistically significantly less enamel and root surface wall lesions.

Purpose: To investigate the fracture strength of occluso-proximal restorations in primary teeth using different commercial brands of flowable bulk-fill resin composites (as an intermediate layer or entire restoration) in comparison with conventional resin composite (incremental technique).

Methods: Two standardized occluso-proximal cavities (4 mm cervico-occlusal height, 4 mm bucco-lingual/palatal width and 2 mm disto-mesial width) were prepared in 90 sound primary molars. The teeth were randomly divided into nine groups (n=10) according to the resin composites (Z350 XT, Filtek Bulk-Fill Flowable, Beautifil II, Beautifil Bulk Flowable, Opallis, Opus Bulk Fill Plus), number of increments of flowable bulk-fill resin composite [2 mm (intermediate layer) or 4 mm (entire restoration)] and control - conventional resin composite (incremental technique). All restored teeth were subjected to pH cycling prior to fracture strength test. The mean fracture strength values were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc tests. (α= 5%). The failure mode of each specimen was categorized as adhesive, cohesive, or mixed and analyzed descriptively.

Results: No significant difference in fracture strength was found among the groups (P= 1.00). Mixed failures prevailed (range of 60-90%) in all groups.

Clinical significance: Based on fracture strength data, contemporary flowable bulk-fill resin composites that have high filler content may be an option for restoring entire conservative occluso-proximal cavities in primary molars, regardless of the commercial brand, promoting the simplification of restorative procedures in pediatric dental practice.

Purpose: To evaluate if gCN (g-C₃N₄) quantum dot (QD) complexes destruct oral cancer cells in vitro in 100 µM H₂O₂ and laser irradiation conditions.

Methods: gCN complexes were synthesized using polymer, precursor melamine, metal, and photosensitizer. Cell viability tests were performed using cancer and normal cells. To evaluate ROS production by gCN complexes, MB degradation test and RNO-ID assay were performed. Oxygen generation in the test solutions was also evaluated under 100 µM H₂O₂ and laser irradiation conditions.

Results: Upon the gCN complexes tested, PGC-Ce6 [pvp-(gCN-Cu)-Ce6] destructed over 83% of initial in vitro cancer cells in 100 µM H₂O₂ and laser irradiation conditions, while approximately 88% of normal cells were viable under no laser irradiation. MB solution was greatly degraded (bleached) by PGC-Ce6. Oxygen was generated by PGC-Ce6 in 100 µM H₂O₂ and laser irradiation conditions, yet the amount was little (0.6 mg/L). Absorbance of RNO-ID solution was much decreased with increasing reaction time of PGC-Ce6 in 100 µM H₂O₂ and laser irradiation conditions.

Clinical significance: g-C₃N₄ complex (PGC-Ce6) destroyed over 83% of initial in vitro cancer cells in 100 µM H₂O₂ and laser irradiation conditions. The result suggests high potential for clinical tumor treatment of PGC-Ce6 using laser irradiation though further investigation is required.