Pub Date : 1983-01-01DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-027310-2.50022-0
A Iguchi, N Sakamoto, P D Burleson
{"title":"The effects of neuropeptides on glucoregulation.","authors":"A Iguchi, N Sakamoto, P D Burleson","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-12-027310-2.50022-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-027310-2.50022-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75445,"journal":{"name":"Advances in metabolic disorders","volume":"10 ","pages":"421-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17263590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1983-01-01DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-027310-2.50010-4
M Reivich, A Alavi
{"title":"Positron emission tomographic studies of local cerebral glucose metabolism in humans in physiological and pathophysiological conditions.","authors":"M Reivich, A Alavi","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-12-027310-2.50010-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-027310-2.50010-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75445,"journal":{"name":"Advances in metabolic disorders","volume":"10 ","pages":"135-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17424322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1983-01-01DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-027310-2.50025-6
P E Cryer
In normal humans glucagon plays a primary role in promoting glucose recovery from hypoglycemia, glucagon deficiency is largely compensated for by enhanced epinephrine secretion, and recovery from hypoglycemia fails to occur only in the absence of both glucagon and epinephrine. Defective glucose counterregulation is exemplified by patients with insulin-dependent diabetes. Although most such patients have deficient glucagon secretory responses to hypoglycemia, they counterregulate adequately because of intact epinephrine secretion. Some patients, however, become defenseless against hypoglycemia because of combined deficiencies of glucagon and epinephrine.
{"title":"Coordinated responses of glucogenic hormones to central glucopenia: the role of the sympathoadrenal system.","authors":"P E Cryer","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-12-027310-2.50025-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-027310-2.50025-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In normal humans glucagon plays a primary role in promoting glucose recovery from hypoglycemia, glucagon deficiency is largely compensated for by enhanced epinephrine secretion, and recovery from hypoglycemia fails to occur only in the absence of both glucagon and epinephrine. Defective glucose counterregulation is exemplified by patients with insulin-dependent diabetes. Although most such patients have deficient glucagon secretory responses to hypoglycemia, they counterregulate adequately because of intact epinephrine secretion. Some patients, however, become defenseless against hypoglycemia because of combined deficiencies of glucagon and epinephrine.</p>","PeriodicalId":75445,"journal":{"name":"Advances in metabolic disorders","volume":"10 ","pages":"469-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17425778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1983-01-01DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-027310-2.50023-2
R S Yalow, J Eng, E Straus
The physiological dose levels for the classically defined functions of CCK peptides, i.e., their effect on gall bladder contraction and release of pancreatic enzymes, are well established. However, the reported effects of peripheral administration of these peptides on regulation of satiety are achieved only at levels greatly in excess of the physiological range achieved in response to feeding. Thus, endogenous peripheral CCK alone would appear not to be the physiological satiety factor. The observations by Della-Fera et al. (1981) that lateral ventricular infusion into sheep of antibody to CCK results in increased feeding, if confirmed by other investigators and in other species, is the strongest evidence for a CSF-mediated role for CCK peptides in the regulation of satiety. However, numerous reports now delineate a variety of other CNS functions for these peptides. With so many effects reported, it is difficult at present to be certain which are real, which are direct or acting indirectly through another system, or which are the physiologically important functions. It can be expected that another decade will be required to sort out and define fully the multiple roles of CCK peptides that are synthesized independently in mucosal and in neuronal tissues.
{"title":"The role of CCK-like peptides in appetite regulation.","authors":"R S Yalow, J Eng, E Straus","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-12-027310-2.50023-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-027310-2.50023-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The physiological dose levels for the classically defined functions of CCK peptides, i.e., their effect on gall bladder contraction and release of pancreatic enzymes, are well established. However, the reported effects of peripheral administration of these peptides on regulation of satiety are achieved only at levels greatly in excess of the physiological range achieved in response to feeding. Thus, endogenous peripheral CCK alone would appear not to be the physiological satiety factor. The observations by Della-Fera et al. (1981) that lateral ventricular infusion into sheep of antibody to CCK results in increased feeding, if confirmed by other investigators and in other species, is the strongest evidence for a CSF-mediated role for CCK peptides in the regulation of satiety. However, numerous reports now delineate a variety of other CNS functions for these peptides. With so many effects reported, it is difficult at present to be certain which are real, which are direct or acting indirectly through another system, or which are the physiologically important functions. It can be expected that another decade will be required to sort out and define fully the multiple roles of CCK peptides that are synthesized independently in mucosal and in neuronal tissues.</p>","PeriodicalId":75445,"journal":{"name":"Advances in metabolic disorders","volume":"10 ","pages":"435-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17381770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1983-01-01DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-027310-2.50015-3
M Van Houten, B I Posner
The concept of the brain as an endocrine target organ is not new, nor is it novel to consider the circumventricular organs as receptive regions of the brain for circulating substances. However, in this review we have emphasized the relatively novel concept that CVOs mediate exclusively the direct feedback actions of circulating peptide hormones on brain function. In addition we have presented speculations concerning the neural mechanisms by which signals arising from peptide hormone-receptor interaction might be relayed into the CNS, and indicated the possible involvement of CVO receptors in endocrine disorders. We hope that this analysis provides a conceptual framework for evaluating the functional relationship of circulating peptides to brain and inspires interest in this fascinating area of neuroendocrinology.
{"title":"Circumventricular organs: receptors and mediators of direct peptide hormone action on brain.","authors":"M Van Houten, B I Posner","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-12-027310-2.50015-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-027310-2.50015-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The concept of the brain as an endocrine target organ is not new, nor is it novel to consider the circumventricular organs as receptive regions of the brain for circulating substances. However, in this review we have emphasized the relatively novel concept that CVOs mediate exclusively the direct feedback actions of circulating peptide hormones on brain function. In addition we have presented speculations concerning the neural mechanisms by which signals arising from peptide hormone-receptor interaction might be relayed into the CNS, and indicated the possible involvement of CVO receptors in endocrine disorders. We hope that this analysis provides a conceptual framework for evaluating the functional relationship of circulating peptides to brain and inspires interest in this fascinating area of neuroendocrinology.</p>","PeriodicalId":75445,"journal":{"name":"Advances in metabolic disorders","volume":"10 ","pages":"269-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17381769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1983-01-01DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-027310-2.50013-x
A B Steffens, J H Strubbe
{"title":"CNS regulation of glucagon secretion.","authors":"A B Steffens, J H Strubbe","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-12-027310-2.50013-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-027310-2.50013-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75445,"journal":{"name":"Advances in metabolic disorders","volume":"10 ","pages":"221-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17424325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1983-01-01DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-027310-2.50017-7
D Le Roith, S A Hendricks, M A Lesniak, S Rishi, K L Becker, J Havrankova, J L Rosenzweig, M J Brownstein, J Roth
{"title":"Insulin in brain and other extrapancreatic tissues of vertebrates and nonvertebrates.","authors":"D Le Roith, S A Hendricks, M A Lesniak, S Rishi, K L Becker, J Havrankova, J L Rosenzweig, M J Brownstein, J Roth","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-12-027310-2.50017-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-027310-2.50017-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75445,"journal":{"name":"Advances in metabolic disorders","volume":"10 ","pages":"303-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17424327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1983-01-01DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-027310-2.50020-7
A J Szabo, O Szabo
A synopsis is presented of studies (anatomical, immunohistological, immunochemical, and physiological) that suggested the presence of insulin receptors, native insulin, insulin-responsive cells, and insulin-sensitive glucoregulatory regions (centers) in the CNS. Evidence and consideration at variance with the above were also briefly listed. The controversies related to this new field of investigations are far from settled; they will provide a fertile field for exciting pioneering work for many investigators in the near future.
{"title":"Insulin injected into CNS structures or into the carotid artery: effect on carbohydrate homeostasis of the intact animal.","authors":"A J Szabo, O Szabo","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-12-027310-2.50020-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-027310-2.50020-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A synopsis is presented of studies (anatomical, immunohistological, immunochemical, and physiological) that suggested the presence of insulin receptors, native insulin, insulin-responsive cells, and insulin-sensitive glucoregulatory regions (centers) in the CNS. Evidence and consideration at variance with the above were also briefly listed. The controversies related to this new field of investigations are far from settled; they will provide a fertile field for exciting pioneering work for many investigators in the near future.</p>","PeriodicalId":75445,"journal":{"name":"Advances in metabolic disorders","volume":"10 ","pages":"385-400"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17425776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1983-01-01DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-027310-2.50012-8
F Rohner-Jeanrenaud, E Bobbioni, E Ionescu, J F Sauter, B Jeanrenaud
{"title":"Central nervous system regulation of insulin secretion.","authors":"F Rohner-Jeanrenaud, E Bobbioni, E Ionescu, J F Sauter, B Jeanrenaud","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-12-027310-2.50012-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-027310-2.50012-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75445,"journal":{"name":"Advances in metabolic disorders","volume":"10 ","pages":"193-220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17424324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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