Y. Elhassaneen, Sherif Ragab, A. A. El-Rahman, S. Arafa
The present study was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of Catharanthus roseus extracts in modulating the hyperglycemia and oxidative stress (OS) of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Treatment of rats with alloxan caused a significant (p≤0.05) increased in serum glucose concentration by the ratio of 273.61% compared to normal control group. Supplementation of the rat diets with 300, 400 and 500 mg/kg of ethanolic Catharanthus roseus stems extract (CRSE) and ethanolic Catharanthus roseus leaves extract (CRLE) decreased this value which recorded 184.72, 113.47 and 76.39%, and 139.86, 112.91 and 57.36%, respectively. The rate of attenuation exhibited a dose dependent increase with both extracts consumption. Also, CRLE is more effective in the attenuation process than CRSE. The same behavior was recorded for the biomarkers of OS levels in serum i.e. malonaldehyde (MDA). In contrary, significant (P≤0.05) improving in different antioxidant defense systems in both serum (glutathione fractions, GSH), and RBC's (antioxidant enzymes including glutathione peroxidase, GSH-Px, glutathione reductase, GSH-Rd and catalases, CAT) were recorded. Such biochemical changes observed in the present study were confirmed by the histopathological examination results. In conclusion, Catharanthus roseus possess a variety of beneficial activities and have the potential to impart therapeutic effect holistically in complicated disorders like diabetes and its complications.
{"title":"Vinca ( Catharanthus roseus ) Extracts Attenuate Alloxan-Induced Hyperglycemia and Oxidative Stress in Rats","authors":"Y. Elhassaneen, Sherif Ragab, A. A. El-Rahman, S. Arafa","doi":"10.12691/AJFST-9-4-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJFST-9-4-8","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of Catharanthus roseus extracts in modulating the hyperglycemia and oxidative stress (OS) of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Treatment of rats with alloxan caused a significant (p≤0.05) increased in serum glucose concentration by the ratio of 273.61% compared to normal control group. Supplementation of the rat diets with 300, 400 and 500 mg/kg of ethanolic Catharanthus roseus stems extract (CRSE) and ethanolic Catharanthus roseus leaves extract (CRLE) decreased this value which recorded 184.72, 113.47 and 76.39%, and 139.86, 112.91 and 57.36%, respectively. The rate of attenuation exhibited a dose dependent increase with both extracts consumption. Also, CRLE is more effective in the attenuation process than CRSE. The same behavior was recorded for the biomarkers of OS levels in serum i.e. malonaldehyde (MDA). In contrary, significant (P≤0.05) improving in different antioxidant defense systems in both serum (glutathione fractions, GSH), and RBC's (antioxidant enzymes including glutathione peroxidase, GSH-Px, glutathione reductase, GSH-Rd and catalases, CAT) were recorded. Such biochemical changes observed in the present study were confirmed by the histopathological examination results. In conclusion, Catharanthus roseus possess a variety of beneficial activities and have the potential to impart therapeutic effect holistically in complicated disorders like diabetes and its complications.","PeriodicalId":7550,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Food Science and Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":"161-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84184343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microbiological quality, targeting contamination with Escherichia coli, of ready-to-eat spicy meat product, “Suya” retailed in Ogbete Main Market (Location 1) and Oye Emene Market (Location 2), in Enugu, Nigeria was evaluated. Forty-eight samples of the “suya,” in forms of beef, liver, intestine, and chicken, were homogenized and serially diluted with sterile distilled water and plated into Eosin Methylene Blue agar using Pour Plate Technique. Identification of isolates were based on cultural characteristics, Gram stain reaction and Biochemical (IMViC) test, and confirmed by molecular test using 16S rRNA gene. Result showed that E coli were isolated from all the samples. Total colony counts (TCC) of all E.coli isolates were at inoculums much greater than the known infective dose for the Enteropathogenic strains. Least TCC in the April-August 2015 test samples from Locations 1/2 were: 5.6 x10/6.0 x 10, respectively; and 4.4 ×10/3.2 x 10, respectively in Locations1/2 in the SeptemberNovember 2016 test. The four highest TCC were from the cow intestine suya. In conclusion, “suya” sold to the public are contaminated, probably of faecal origin; therefore not fit for human consumption. This study also underscores the need for improved surveillance system on suya products, to enforce good food hygiene practices.
{"title":"Microbial Quality of Spicy Roasted Meat (Suya) Retailed in Ogbete Main Market and Oye Emene Market, in Enugu Metropolis, Nigeria","authors":"Amadi E.C., Nwangwu C.C, Yusuf H.I.","doi":"10.12691/ajfst-9-4-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ajfst-9-4-7","url":null,"abstract":"Microbiological quality, targeting contamination with Escherichia coli, of ready-to-eat spicy meat product, “Suya” retailed in Ogbete Main Market (Location 1) and Oye Emene Market (Location 2), in Enugu, Nigeria was evaluated. Forty-eight samples of the “suya,” in forms of beef, liver, intestine, and chicken, were homogenized and serially diluted with sterile distilled water and plated into Eosin Methylene Blue agar using Pour Plate Technique. Identification of isolates were based on cultural characteristics, Gram stain reaction and Biochemical (IMViC) test, and confirmed by molecular test using 16S rRNA gene. Result showed that E coli were isolated from all the samples. Total colony counts (TCC) of all E.coli isolates were at inoculums much greater than the known infective dose for the Enteropathogenic strains. Least TCC in the April-August 2015 test samples from Locations 1/2 were: 5.6 x10/6.0 x 10, respectively; and 4.4 ×10/3.2 x 10, respectively in Locations1/2 in the SeptemberNovember 2016 test. The four highest TCC were from the cow intestine suya. In conclusion, “suya” sold to the public are contaminated, probably of faecal origin; therefore not fit for human consumption. This study also underscores the need for improved surveillance system on suya products, to enforce good food hygiene practices.","PeriodicalId":7550,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Food Science and Technology","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81488814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The seeds of pistachio Citrullus mucosopermus Fursa much used in the diet in Côte d’Ivoire, were studied to determine their chemical composition and their nutritional potential. The biochemical parameters of the seeds of Citrullus mucosopermus Fursa characterized are dry matter, ash content, moisture content, carbohydrates, fiber, protein, amino and fatty acids. The proximate analysis of the seeds showed dry matter contents 93.6 ± 2.82 %, moisture 6.40 ± 0.14 %, ash 5.18 ± 0.06 %, carbohydrates 24.94 ± 0.18 % , fibre 9.93 ± % and crude protein 28.46 ± 0.04 %. These proteins have two of the essential amino acids with a high level of lysine whereas serine was the limiting essential amino acid. The extraction yield of the lipids (crude fat) of the seeds was 31.49 ± 0.62 %. Unsaturated fatty acids: oleic acid (1.041 ± 0.002 %), linoleic acid (0.998 ± 0.001 %) and arachidonic acid (0.881 ± 0.001) were measured. Results revealed the seeds of pistachio Citrullus mucosopermus to have great nutritional potentials with regard to their chemical composition therefore, their consumption could contribute to fulfill some food deficiencies in Côte d’Ivoire.
{"title":"Biochemical Charateristic, Amino and Fatty Acids Contents of Pistachio Citrullus mucosopermus Fursa Seeds from Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire)","authors":"Mankambou Jacques Gnanwa, Lêniféré Chantal Soro, Constant Jocelyn Yapi, Hortense Sika Blei, Lucien Patrice Kouamé","doi":"10.12691/ajfst-9-4-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ajfst-9-4-6","url":null,"abstract":"The seeds of pistachio Citrullus mucosopermus Fursa much used in the diet in Côte d’Ivoire, were studied to determine their chemical composition and their nutritional potential. The biochemical parameters of the seeds of Citrullus mucosopermus Fursa characterized are dry matter, ash content, moisture content, carbohydrates, fiber, protein, amino and fatty acids. The proximate analysis of the seeds showed dry matter contents 93.6 ± 2.82 %, moisture 6.40 ± 0.14 %, ash 5.18 ± 0.06 %, carbohydrates 24.94 ± 0.18 % , fibre 9.93 ± % and crude protein 28.46 ± 0.04 %. These proteins have two of the essential amino acids with a high level of lysine whereas serine was the limiting essential amino acid. The extraction yield of the lipids (crude fat) of the seeds was 31.49 ± 0.62 %. Unsaturated fatty acids: oleic acid (1.041 ± 0.002 %), linoleic acid (0.998 ± 0.001 %) and arachidonic acid (0.881 ± 0.001) were measured. Results revealed the seeds of pistachio Citrullus mucosopermus to have great nutritional potentials with regard to their chemical composition therefore, their consumption could contribute to fulfill some food deficiencies in Côte d’Ivoire.","PeriodicalId":7550,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Food Science and Technology","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75831765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahemen Samuel Aondoaver, Alimi John Praie, Alimi Janet Omolola, Iluebbey Peter Oshiapi
{"title":"Physical and Microstructural Properties of Composite Cassava-wheat Bread Produced from Blend of Wheat and Low Postharvest Physiological Deterioration Cassava Flours","authors":"Ahemen Samuel Aondoaver, Alimi John Praie, Alimi Janet Omolola, Iluebbey Peter Oshiapi","doi":"10.12691/ajfst-9-4-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ajfst-9-4-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7550,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Food Science and Technology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79826451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Dhahir, J. Feugang, Katherine Witrick, H. Shamimul, A. Abughazaleh
{"title":"Camel Milk Composition and Microbial Reduction with Different Pasteurization Methods","authors":"N. Dhahir, J. Feugang, Katherine Witrick, H. Shamimul, A. Abughazaleh","doi":"10.12691/ajfst-9-4-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ajfst-9-4-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7550,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Food Science and Technology","volume":"129 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85402006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Khady, Kane Cheikhou, Ayessou Nicolas, Cissé Mady, Diop Codou Mar
The high nutritional value of Hibiscus sabdariffa L calyxes is now known almost worldwide. The multiple benefits of Hibiscus juice on human health explain the new consumer demands on the preservation techniques of the nutritional qualities of Hibiscus juice. The instability of anthocyanins, the molecules responsible for the red colouring of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyxes, remains a problem despite the numerous stabilisation techniques on the subject. Platinum electrode oxygen reduction is a new athermal technique using a two-compartment electrolysis cell separated by a cationic membrane. The fruit juice is stabilised by the passage of the reduction current for a specified time. Cyclic voltammetry was used to characterise the electroactive element, the reduction peak, which is dissolved oxygen. The electroreduced Hibiscus juice was then stored at 37°C for 30 days with an untreated control. After one month of storage, determination of the anthocyanin concentration of the electroreduced extracts and the control made it possible to retain the 30mn/-6mA couple presenting a significant difference compared to the control for the stabilisation of the juices. Bubbling with nitrogen gas not only justified the negative impact of dissolved oxygen in the Hibiscus sabdariffa juice but also confirmed that oxygen is the electroactive element in the extract. The result obtained on bubbling also reveals that it is necessary to bubble for 2 hours to obtain an anthocyanin concentration of 279.21 mg/l after storage at 37°C for 30 days, whereas 282.66 mg/l is obtained for the same extract treated electrochemically (30mn/-6mA) and stored under the same conditions; both concentrations are significantly different from the control 263.37 mg/l. The electrochemical treatment with the time/intensity couple of 30min/-6mA for 500ml of Hibiscus sabdariffa juice on platinum/ECS electrode allowed to keep more than 10% of anthocyanins at 25°C and 37°C after 30 days of storage, significant compared to the control.
{"title":"Characterisation of Electrochemical Parameters for the Stabilisation of Anthocyanins from Hibiscus Sabdarrifa L","authors":"N. Khady, Kane Cheikhou, Ayessou Nicolas, Cissé Mady, Diop Codou Mar","doi":"10.12691/AJFST-9-4-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJFST-9-4-3","url":null,"abstract":"The high nutritional value of Hibiscus sabdariffa L calyxes is now known almost worldwide. The multiple benefits of Hibiscus juice on human health explain the new consumer demands on the preservation techniques of the nutritional qualities of Hibiscus juice. The instability of anthocyanins, the molecules responsible for the red colouring of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyxes, remains a problem despite the numerous stabilisation techniques on the subject. Platinum electrode oxygen reduction is a new athermal technique using a two-compartment electrolysis cell separated by a cationic membrane. The fruit juice is stabilised by the passage of the reduction current for a specified time. Cyclic voltammetry was used to characterise the electroactive element, the reduction peak, which is dissolved oxygen. The electroreduced Hibiscus juice was then stored at 37°C for 30 days with an untreated control. After one month of storage, determination of the anthocyanin concentration of the electroreduced extracts and the control made it possible to retain the 30mn/-6mA couple presenting a significant difference compared to the control for the stabilisation of the juices. Bubbling with nitrogen gas not only justified the negative impact of dissolved oxygen in the Hibiscus sabdariffa juice but also confirmed that oxygen is the electroactive element in the extract. The result obtained on bubbling also reveals that it is necessary to bubble for 2 hours to obtain an anthocyanin concentration of 279.21 mg/l after storage at 37°C for 30 days, whereas 282.66 mg/l is obtained for the same extract treated electrochemically (30mn/-6mA) and stored under the same conditions; both concentrations are significantly different from the control 263.37 mg/l. The electrochemical treatment with the time/intensity couple of 30min/-6mA for 500ml of Hibiscus sabdariffa juice on platinum/ECS electrode allowed to keep more than 10% of anthocyanins at 25°C and 37°C after 30 days of storage, significant compared to the control.","PeriodicalId":7550,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Food Science and Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":"125-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74681617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Assohoun-Djeni Nanouman Marina Christelle, Kouassi Kouassi Clément, Kouassi Kra Athanase, Yao Akissi Nicole, Koffi-Nevry Rose
The millet flour sale is a very common activity in the markets of Daloa city. Despite its great consumption and its many uses by the Ivorian populations, this millet flour is produced in an artisanal or semi-artisanal way in an uncontrolled environment. This leads to various microbial contaminations thus impacting this flour quality. Our study aimed to assess the microbial contamination of millet flour sold in public markets in Daloa city. A production survey was carried out in order to obtain information on the personal hygiene of the saleswomen as well as the sale conditions. During this study, some physico-chemical and microbiological parameters of 45 flour samples (9 samples per market) were analyzed. The results revealed that the millet flour sale is exclusively carried out by young women (54.5%). In the majority of cases, these women are illiterate (72%) and have inadequate personal hygiene (55%) and an unacceptable sales environment (79%). The millet flour samples are highly contaminated and have a poor microbiological quality. In addition, certain pathogenic species such as coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus have been identified in the flour sold in the Daloa markets. Additionally, pH and humidity varied from sample to sample and from market to market. The presence of these germs would reflect a lack of good millet manufacturing practices, which would represent a danger for consumers. The millet flour sold in the markets would represent a danger for the population consuming millet flour in Daloa city.
{"title":"Assessment of the Microbial Contamination of Millet Flour (Pennisetum glaucum) Sold on the Public Markets of Daloa, Côte d’Ivoire","authors":"Assohoun-Djeni Nanouman Marina Christelle, Kouassi Kouassi Clément, Kouassi Kra Athanase, Yao Akissi Nicole, Koffi-Nevry Rose","doi":"10.12691/ajfst-9-4-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ajfst-9-4-1","url":null,"abstract":"The millet flour sale is a very common activity in the markets of Daloa city. Despite its great consumption and its many uses by the Ivorian populations, this millet flour is produced in an artisanal or semi-artisanal way in an uncontrolled environment. This leads to various microbial contaminations thus impacting this flour quality. Our study aimed to assess the microbial contamination of millet flour sold in public markets in Daloa city. A production survey was carried out in order to obtain information on the personal hygiene of the saleswomen as well as the sale conditions. During this study, some physico-chemical and microbiological parameters of 45 flour samples (9 samples per market) were analyzed. The results revealed that the millet flour sale is exclusively carried out by young women (54.5%). In the majority of cases, these women are illiterate (72%) and have inadequate personal hygiene (55%) and an unacceptable sales environment (79%). The millet flour samples are highly contaminated and have a poor microbiological quality. In addition, certain pathogenic species such as coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus have been identified in the flour sold in the Daloa markets. Additionally, pH and humidity varied from sample to sample and from market to market. The presence of these germs would reflect a lack of good millet manufacturing practices, which would represent a danger for consumers. The millet flour sold in the markets would represent a danger for the population consuming millet flour in Daloa city.","PeriodicalId":7550,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Food Science and Technology","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74778190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeanne d’Arc Wendmintiri Kabré, Fatoumata Hama-Ba, Aïcha Yamkaye Sawadogo, H. Cissé, Y. Traoré, A. Savadogo
Beng-tigre is a variety of Vigna radiata, a legume of the Fabaceae’s family newly introduced in Burkina Faso for its resilience to the effects of climate change, its high nutritional value and its potential to reduce the prevalence of chronic diseases in the population. The objective of this study was to raise awareness of the nutritional and therapeutic qualities of Beng-tigre seeds among the Burkinabe population. A legume that matures between 55 and 70 days, Beng-tigre has a high nutritional value influenced by processing methods such as germination, fermentation and cooking time. Well consumed in Asia for its high protein (23.50g), fibre (16.80g), and carbohydrate (62.75g) content, as well as its high vitamin and mineral content, Beng-tigre is used as a supplement in the preparation of weaning foods and contributes to the fight against malnutrition in infants and young children. Rich in polyphenols, polysaccharides and peptides, Beng-tigre is a functional food that can contribute to the prevention and management of certain degenerative diseases. Several in vitro studies and studies on laboratory animals have shown the anti-cancer, anti-diabetic and anti-hypertensive effect of Beng-tigre. It also acts as a prebiotic to maintain the homeostasis and functions of the intestinal microbiota. A functional food with multiple virtues, Beng-tigre can be of great use in preventive medicine in developing countries where chronic non-communicable diseases are rampant. Further studies are needed at the local level to better understand the synergistic effects of the multiple components of Beng-tigre and to ensure therapeutic convenience for the population.
{"title":"Biological Activities of Beng-tigré (Vigna radiata): Nutritional Aspects and Therapeutic Functions","authors":"Jeanne d’Arc Wendmintiri Kabré, Fatoumata Hama-Ba, Aïcha Yamkaye Sawadogo, H. Cissé, Y. Traoré, A. Savadogo","doi":"10.12691/AJFST-9-4-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJFST-9-4-2","url":null,"abstract":"Beng-tigre is a variety of Vigna radiata, a legume of the Fabaceae’s family newly introduced in Burkina Faso for its resilience to the effects of climate change, its high nutritional value and its potential to reduce the prevalence of chronic diseases in the population. The objective of this study was to raise awareness of the nutritional and therapeutic qualities of Beng-tigre seeds among the Burkinabe population. A legume that matures between 55 and 70 days, Beng-tigre has a high nutritional value influenced by processing methods such as germination, fermentation and cooking time. Well consumed in Asia for its high protein (23.50g), fibre (16.80g), and carbohydrate (62.75g) content, as well as its high vitamin and mineral content, Beng-tigre is used as a supplement in the preparation of weaning foods and contributes to the fight against malnutrition in infants and young children. Rich in polyphenols, polysaccharides and peptides, Beng-tigre is a functional food that can contribute to the prevention and management of certain degenerative diseases. Several in vitro studies and studies on laboratory animals have shown the anti-cancer, anti-diabetic and anti-hypertensive effect of Beng-tigre. It also acts as a prebiotic to maintain the homeostasis and functions of the intestinal microbiota. A functional food with multiple virtues, Beng-tigre can be of great use in preventive medicine in developing countries where chronic non-communicable diseases are rampant. Further studies are needed at the local level to better understand the synergistic effects of the multiple components of Beng-tigre and to ensure therapeutic convenience for the population.","PeriodicalId":7550,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Food Science and Technology","volume":"23 1","pages":"113-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82533417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Eke-Ejiofor, P. Obinna-Echem, G. Wordu, M. Vito
Complementary food from blends of orange flesh sweet potatoes (Ipomea batata) (OFSP) starch, soybean (Glycine max) and groundnut (Arachis hypogea) flour was formulated and evaluated for physicochemical, functional and pasting properties. The blends of OFSP starch, soybean and groundnut flour were in the ratios of (OFSP:SB:GN): 90:5:5, 85:10:5, 80:15:5, 75:20:5, 70:25:5, 65:30:5, 60:35:5, 55:40:5, 50:45:5 for PSB1 – PSB9, while 100 % OFSP served as control. Standard analytical methods were used for all analysis. pH (4.60 – 5.69), sugar (0.71 - 3.63 %) and amylopectin (70.28 - 85.34 %) increased significantly (P≤0.05) while starch (69.09 - 87.53 %) and amylose (29.97 - 14.65) decreased with increase in soybean flour addition. Carotenoid content (11.08 – 44.60 mg/kg) will meet >200% of recommended Vitamin A requirement for infants. Bulk density, water absorption capacity, swelling power, solubility index and dispersibility ranged respectively from 0.71 - 0.83 g/ml, 0.59 - 1.35, 9.12 - 14.48, 5.57 - 9.45 and 76.00 – 80.00 %. The peak, trough, breakdown, final and setback viscosities varied significantly (P≤0.05) from 127.5 - 7291.0, 95.3 - 4332.0, 32.3 - 2959.0, 129.0 -6159.0 and 33.79 - 1827.0 RVU respectively. Increase in pH and sugar, decrease in starch, bulk density and reduction in viscosities of the complementary food with increase in soybean flour addition is very important in achieving a near neutral and high nutrient dense gruel yet thin enough for infant feeding.
{"title":"Physicochemical, Functional and Pasting properties of Orange-Flesh Sweet Potato Starch, Soya bean and Groundnut Flour Complementary Food","authors":"J. Eke-Ejiofor, P. Obinna-Echem, G. Wordu, M. Vito","doi":"10.12691/AJFST-9-3-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJFST-9-3-5","url":null,"abstract":"Complementary food from blends of orange flesh sweet potatoes (Ipomea batata) (OFSP) starch, soybean (Glycine max) and groundnut (Arachis hypogea) flour was formulated and evaluated for physicochemical, functional and pasting properties. The blends of OFSP starch, soybean and groundnut flour were in the ratios of (OFSP:SB:GN): 90:5:5, 85:10:5, 80:15:5, 75:20:5, 70:25:5, 65:30:5, 60:35:5, 55:40:5, 50:45:5 for PSB1 – PSB9, while 100 % OFSP served as control. Standard analytical methods were used for all analysis. pH (4.60 – 5.69), sugar (0.71 - 3.63 %) and amylopectin (70.28 - 85.34 %) increased significantly (P≤0.05) while starch (69.09 - 87.53 %) and amylose (29.97 - 14.65) decreased with increase in soybean flour addition. Carotenoid content (11.08 – 44.60 mg/kg) will meet >200% of recommended Vitamin A requirement for infants. Bulk density, water absorption capacity, swelling power, solubility index and dispersibility ranged respectively from 0.71 - 0.83 g/ml, 0.59 - 1.35, 9.12 - 14.48, 5.57 - 9.45 and 76.00 – 80.00 %. The peak, trough, breakdown, final and setback viscosities varied significantly (P≤0.05) from 127.5 - 7291.0, 95.3 - 4332.0, 32.3 - 2959.0, 129.0 -6159.0 and 33.79 - 1827.0 RVU respectively. Increase in pH and sugar, decrease in starch, bulk density and reduction in viscosities of the complementary food with increase in soybean flour addition is very important in achieving a near neutral and high nutrient dense gruel yet thin enough for infant feeding.","PeriodicalId":7550,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Food Science and Technology","volume":"113 1","pages":"96-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76703154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study was undertaken to assess the system of broiler production under contractual agreement of feed mill with the small scale broiler producer in different locations of Netrokona district in Bangladesh. The study also explored the causes why broiler farmers entering in this contractual system. The study evaluates the profitability of small scale broiler producers as well as the feed mills who were engaged in contract with the farmer. The present study was based on the primary data which were collected from five feed mills who are utilizing contacts and 60 contract broiler producers using stratified random sampling. Descriptive statistical techniques were used to estimate cost and returns of broiler farming. The study revealed that on an average, total cost of raising broiler per farm per year and per bird per batch were Tk. 10,90,389 and Tk. 175 respectively. The gross return from broiler production per farm per year and per bird per batch was Tk. 13,44,737 and Tk. 208 respectively. Net returns of broiler production per farm per year and per bird per batch were estimated at Tk. 2,54,348 and Tk. 33 respectively. Moreover, it is evident from the study that the benefit cost ratio of broiler farms was 1.23. So, it is clear from the study that production of broiler under contractual system was profitable and the contract farmers were getting benefit. On the other side, feed mill sales center who are engaged in contracts were also benefitted by keeping extra profit in all credited inputs of broiler production by practicing the system. Cobb-Douglas production function analysis was used to determine the major factors namely age, education, family size, feed cost, day old chick cost, labor cost, medicare and additives cost and training of the producer affecting the gross return of broiler production. But the main influencing factors for broiler production were feed cost, day old chick cost, medicine and vaccine cost, education and training of the broiler farmer. The study also identified some problems related to contractual system and, production and marketing system of broiler production. Finally on the basis of the findings, some recommendations were made for the development of poultry production in Bangladesh. It may concluded that with effective management, contract farming system of feed mill’s can be a means to develop production of broiler farming and marketing the output in a way that is profitable for the both farmer and the feed mill.
{"title":"Measuring the Profitability of Small Scale Poultry Producers through Contractual System in Bangladesh","authors":"A. Saha, S. Sharmin, M. Jahan","doi":"10.12691/AJFST-9-3-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJFST-9-3-4","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was undertaken to assess the system of broiler production under contractual agreement of feed mill with the small scale broiler producer in different locations of Netrokona district in Bangladesh. The study also explored the causes why broiler farmers entering in this contractual system. The study evaluates the profitability of small scale broiler producers as well as the feed mills who were engaged in contract with the farmer. The present study was based on the primary data which were collected from five feed mills who are utilizing contacts and 60 contract broiler producers using stratified random sampling. Descriptive statistical techniques were used to estimate cost and returns of broiler farming. The study revealed that on an average, total cost of raising broiler per farm per year and per bird per batch were Tk. 10,90,389 and Tk. 175 respectively. The gross return from broiler production per farm per year and per bird per batch was Tk. 13,44,737 and Tk. 208 respectively. Net returns of broiler production per farm per year and per bird per batch were estimated at Tk. 2,54,348 and Tk. 33 respectively. Moreover, it is evident from the study that the benefit cost ratio of broiler farms was 1.23. So, it is clear from the study that production of broiler under contractual system was profitable and the contract farmers were getting benefit. On the other side, feed mill sales center who are engaged in contracts were also benefitted by keeping extra profit in all credited inputs of broiler production by practicing the system. Cobb-Douglas production function analysis was used to determine the major factors namely age, education, family size, feed cost, day old chick cost, labor cost, medicare and additives cost and training of the producer affecting the gross return of broiler production. But the main influencing factors for broiler production were feed cost, day old chick cost, medicine and vaccine cost, education and training of the broiler farmer. The study also identified some problems related to contractual system and, production and marketing system of broiler production. Finally on the basis of the findings, some recommendations were made for the development of poultry production in Bangladesh. It may concluded that with effective management, contract farming system of feed mill’s can be a means to develop production of broiler farming and marketing the output in a way that is profitable for the both farmer and the feed mill.","PeriodicalId":7550,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Food Science and Technology","volume":"64 1","pages":"90-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86168593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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