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Physico-Chemical Properties of Termitaria and their Surrounding Soils in Some Nigerian Ecozones 尼日利亚部分生态区域鸡冠花及其周围土壤的物理化学特性
IF 1.4 Q3 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-03-08 DOI: 10.1007/s40003-024-00707-9
Simon Idoko Okweche, Hilili Patrick Matthew, Emmanuel Bassey Effa, Chukwudi Nwaogu

Termites provide ecosystem services and have been used as a biological index of soil quality and fertility because of their key role in soil nutrient cycling that enables trees associated with their activities to remain evergreen throughout the year. To gain further insight into this situation, we compared the soil physico-chemical properties of termitaria and their surrounding soils in three Nigerian ecological zones including savannah, derived savannah and rainforest. Parameters evaluated were the pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), organic carbon (OC), available phosphorus (Av.P) and total nitrogen (TN); base saturation (BS) and soil texture were also determined alongside the elemental (K, Na, Ca, Mn, H, Al) composition. The pH, OC, Av.P and TN in the termitaria were significantly higher than those in the surrounding soils. There were significant differences in the composition of the elements among sites in the termitaria and surrounding soils. The predominant analyte in the termitaria was Al, being in significantly higher concentration than in the surrounding soil. Na and Ca were also much higher in the termitaria than the surrounding soils in the guinea savannah zone. Soil pH had strong positive correlation with OC and CEC in the termitaria soil, but negative correlation with the surrounding soils outside the termitaria. On the other hand, both the termitaria and surrounding soils, base saturation, cation and soil texture were highly correlated between the ecozones. The findings from this study might promote nature conservation and enrichment of biodiversity in the different ecological zones, and could also support the local and poor farmers’ decisions in growing specific crops closer to the termitaria, especially the crops that require higher uptake of OC, N, Na and Ca for their growth and yields.

白蚁提供生态系统服务,并被用作土壤质量和肥力的生物指标,因为白蚁在土壤养分循环中发挥着关键作用,使与白蚁活动相关的树木能够四季常青。为了进一步了解这种情况,我们比较了尼日利亚三个生态区(包括热带稀树草原、衍生热带稀树草原和热带雨林)中白蚁及其周围土壤的物理化学特性。评估参数包括 pH 值、阳离子交换容量 (CEC)、有机碳 (OC)、可利用磷 (Av.P) 和全氮 (TN);在测定元素(K、Na、Ca、Mn、H、Al)组成的同时,还测定了碱饱和度 (BS) 和土壤质地。白蚁栖息地的 pH 值、OC 值、Av.P 值和 TN 值明显高于周围土壤。白蚁栖息地和周围土壤中不同地点的元素组成存在明显差异。termitaria中最主要的分析物是Al,其浓度明显高于周围土壤。在豚草草原区,termitaria 中 Na 和 Ca 的含量也远远高于周围土壤。土壤 pH 值与终南地区土壤中的 OC 和 CEC 呈强正相关,但与终南地区以外的周围土壤呈负相关。另一方面,生态区之间的终南土壤和周围土壤、碱饱和度、阳离子和土壤质地都高度相关。这项研究的结果可能会促进不同生态区的自然保护和丰富生物多样性,也有助于当地贫困农民决定在靠近白蚁栖息地的地方种植特定作物,特别是需要吸收更多 OC、N、Na 和 Ca 才能生长和增产的作物。
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引用次数: 0
From Laboratory to Production: Innovating the Small-scale Mass Production of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) with an Alternative Culture Medium and Refined Culture Conditions 从实验室到生产:利用替代培养基和改进培养条件创新螺旋藻(节藻)的小规模批量生产
IF 1.4 Q3 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-03-08 DOI: 10.1007/s40003-024-00709-7
Kaent Immanuel N. Uba, Gaireen D. Gaid, John Mark L. Perales, Flordeliz C. Bongga, Ruth D. Gaid

This study reports information on the small-scale mass production of spirulina utilizing low cost and locally available media under refined culture conditions in northern Mindanao, Philippines. A low-cost alternative culture medium was formulated using NPK 30-10-10 fertilizer as the main nutrient source, after which the optimum nutrient levels were first determined, followed by refinement of the culture conditions (i.e., salinity, aeration intensity, photoperiod, inoculum density, and inoculum growth phase). Furthermore, the proximate composition of the product, spirulina powder, was determined, and a cost-return analysis was performed. The optimum level for the NPK 30-10-10 fertilizer was found to be 1.0 mM N, which resulted in the highest biomass production of 0.750 ± 0.06 g L−1. The highest biomass and best growth indices were observed at 30 ppt salinity, 90 L h−1 aeration intensity, 24:0 L:D photoperiod, and 1.5 g L−1 inoculum density in the exponential phase. The spirulina powder produced was of good quality based on its proximate composition, with 62.87 ± 1.38% crude protein, 6.62 ± 0.05% minerals, 0.38 ± 0.01% crude fat, 3.91 ± 0.47% crude fiber, 14.84 ± 1.76% carbohydrate, 11.38 ± 0.02% moisture, and 314.24 ± 2.04 kcal 100 g−1 total digestible energy. The cost-return analysis showed that small-scale production is profitable, with a 65.22% return on investment and a payback period of 1.82 years. This small-scale production technology of spirulina can be adapted by local companies and cooperatives to spur local spirulina production in the country.

本研究报告介绍了菲律宾棉兰老岛北部利用低成本和当地可用的培养基,在精细化培养条件下小规模大规模生产螺旋藻的情况。以 NPK 30-10-10 肥料为主要营养源配制了低成本替代培养基,首先确定了最佳营养水平,然后对培养条件(即盐度、通气强度、光周期、接种密度和接种生长阶段)进行了改进。此外,还确定了产品螺旋藻粉的近似成分,并进行了成本回报分析。结果发现,NPK 30-10-10 肥料的最佳水平为 1.0 mM N,生物量产量最高,为 0.750 ± 0.06 g L-1。在盐度为 30 ppt、曝气强度为 90 L h-1、光周期为 24:0 L:D 和接种密度为 1.5 g L-1 的指数期,观察到了最高的生物量和最佳的生长指数。从近似成分来看,螺旋藻粉质量良好,粗蛋白含量为 62.87 ± 1.38%,矿物质含量为 6.62 ± 0.05%,粗脂肪含量为 0.38 ± 0.01%,粗纤维含量为 3.91 ± 0.47%,碳水化合物含量为 14.84 ± 1.76%,水分含量为 11.38 ± 0.02%,可消化总能量为 314.24 ± 2.04 kcal 100 g-1。成本回报分析表明,小规模生产是有利可图的,投资回报率为 65.22%,投资回收期为 1.82 年。这种螺旋藻小规模生产技术可由当地公司和合作社进行改造,以促进该国当地的螺旋藻生产。
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引用次数: 0
Dynamics, Requirements, and Use Efficiency of Magnesium Throughout the Life Cycle of Acai Palm Plants 巴西莓植物整个生命周期对镁的动态变化、需求和利用效率
IF 1.4 Q3 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-03-08 DOI: 10.1007/s40003-024-00706-w
Milton Garcia Costa, Ismael de Jesus Matos Viégas, Ricardo Augusto Martins Cordeiro

The cultivation of acai palm (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) is widely practiced in the Amazon region due to its economic and nutritional value. However, to ensure sustainable and productive cultivation, it is essential to understand the factors influencing its nutrition, including the availability of magnesium (Mg). In this context, this study aimed to investigate the impact of acai palm plant age on total and effective Mg requirements, as well as on the accumulation, use, and dynamics of this nutrient. The experiment was conducted in a commercial acai palm cultivation area in Tomé-Açu, Pará, Brazil. The experimental design used was in strips, with six treatments corresponding to different crop ages (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 years), with four replications. The results demonstrated that the Mg accumulation in different parts of acai palm plants increased with plant age up to a certain point, showing a tendency to stabilize at more advanced ages. Furthermore, variations were observed in the rates of immobilization, recycling, and export of Mg throughout the plant ages, with greater immobilization at the expense of recycling and export. Total and effective Mg requirements also increased with the advancement of plant age. In conclusion, the age of acai palm plants influences both total and effective Mg requirements, as well as the processes of nutrient use. This information is relevant for appropriate nutritional management of acai palms, aiming to ensure an adequate supply of Mg throughout the plant’s life cycle and maximize its growth and yield.

巴西莓(Euterpe oleracea Mart.)因其经济和营养价值而在亚马逊地区广泛种植。然而,为了确保可持续的高产种植,了解影响其营养的因素(包括镁的供应)至关重要。在这种情况下,本研究旨在调查巴西莓植株年龄对镁的总需求量和有效需求量的影响,以及对镁的积累、使用和动态变化的影响。实验在巴西帕拉州托梅阿苏的巴西莓商业种植区进行。实验采用条状设计,六个处理对应不同的作物年龄(2、3、4、5、6 和 7 年),四个重复。实验结果表明,巴西莓植株不同部位的镁积累量随着植株年龄的增长而增加,直至达到一定程度,并在较高年龄段趋于稳定。此外,在不同的植株年龄段,镁的固定、循环和输出率也不尽相同,固定率越高,循环和输出率越低。镁的总需求量和有效需求量也随着植株年龄的增加而增加。总之,巴西莓植株的年龄会影响镁的总需求量和有效需求量,以及养分的利用过程。这些信息有助于对巴西莓进行适当的营养管理,以确保在植物的整个生命周期中提供充足的镁,并最大限度地提高其生长和产量。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring Impact of Climate Change on Poultry Production in Nigeria 探索气候变化对尼日利亚家禽生产的影响
IF 1.4 Q3 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-03-07 DOI: 10.1007/s40003-024-00708-8
Emeka Emmanuel Osuji, Robert Ugochukwu Onyeneke, Geoffrey Amanze Nkwocha, Michael Olatunji Olaolu

The study explored the impacts of climate change on poultry production in Africa’s most populous country, Nigeria. Other control variables such as gross national income (GNI) per capita (GNI), official exchange rate of the Naira and value of loans guaranteed to the poultry sector were also considered. Times-series data from 1981 to 2020 were obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, World Development Indicators, FAOSTAT and World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal. Leveraging on the autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) and threshold analysis the study revealed that 1% increase in annual days with heat index > 35 °C will cause a significant decrease in poultry production by 0.14% in the long-run. In addition, the coefficient of annual maximum number of consecutive dry days was positively related to poultry production. It was revealed that 1% increase in rainfall will cause a significant increase in poultry production by 0.84% in the long-run and 0.60% in the short-run. The study further indicated that 1% increase in GNI per capita will lead to a 0.38% increase in poultry production in the short-run and 0.54% in the long-run. In accordance, the official exchange rate of the naira was also positively related to poultry production and 1% increase in official exchange rate tends to result in 0.04% and 0.05% increases in poultry production in the short-run and long-run. However, increase in value of loans guaranteed to the poultry sector appeared to be insignificant and could assist the poultry farmers in sourcing for poultry inputs targeted at increasing poultry production. According to threshold analysis, the country's poultry output may be negatively impacted by rainfall and dry days above certain threshold levels, which are 122–135 days and 1146–1237 mm, respectively. The findings of the study present an opportunity for poultry farmers in Nigeria to embrace climate smart agricultural practices in the face of changing climate in Nigeria. The Nigerian government should maintain stable and sustainable exchange rate of the naira and sustain the loans guaranteed to the poultry sector to improve the uptake of climate smart poultry production, increase agricultural gross domestic product and gross national income in the country.

该研究探讨了气候变化对非洲人口最多的国家尼日利亚家禽生产的影响。研究还考虑了其他控制变量,如人均国民总收入(GNI)、奈拉官方汇率和家禽业担保贷款额。1981 年至 2020 年的时间序列数据来自尼日利亚中央银行统计公报、世界发展指标、粮农组织统计数据库和世界银行气候变化知识门户网站。利用自回归分布式滞后模型(ARDL)和阈值分析,研究结果表明,热指数为 35 °C 的年天数增加 1%,将导致家禽产量长期大幅下降 0.14%。此外,年最大连续干旱天数系数与家禽产量呈正相关。研究表明,降雨量增加 1%,家禽产量长期将显著增加 0.84%,短期将显著增加 0.60%。研究进一步表明,人均国民总收入增加 1%将导致家禽产量在短期内增加 0.38%,在长期内增加 0.54%。相应地,奈拉的官方汇率也与家禽生产呈正相关,官方汇率增加 1%往往会导致家禽生产在短期和长期分别增加 0.04% 和 0.05%。不过,家禽业担保贷款额的增加似乎并不显著,但可以帮助家禽养殖户购买家禽投入品,从而提高家禽产量。根据阈值分析,如果降雨量和干旱天数超过一定的阈值水平(分别为 122-135 天和 1146-1237 毫米),该国的家禽产量可能会受到负面影响。面对尼日利亚不断变化的气候,研究结果为尼日利亚的家禽养殖户提供了一个采用气候智能型农业实践的机会。尼日利亚政府应保持稳定和可持续的奈拉汇率,维持对家禽业的贷款担保,以提高对气候智能型家禽生产的吸收,增加国内农业生产总值和国民总收入。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of Variability and Genetic Factors among High Heritable Traits of Juglans regia (Walnut) from North Western Himalayan Regions 喜马拉雅山西北部地区胡桃(Juglans regia)高遗传性状的变异性和遗传因素评估
IF 1.4 Q3 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.1007/s40003-024-00697-8
Munish Sharma, Munit Sharma, Munish Sharma

Juglans regia L. (Walnut) generally renowned as English Walnut or Persian Walnut. It is popular for its quality edible nuts and strong wood resulted into cultivation in wide area. Walnut is a prime member of Juglandaceae family with sporophytic chromosome number 2n = 2x = 32. The Union Territory of Jammu & Kashmir had a significant walnut gene pool represented by seedling trees for decades. The region’s rich walnut diversity in terms of morphology, phenology, biochemical and biological traits is due to presence of the large variability of native Walnut trees. This largely resulted from cross-pollination and seedling propagation. This study was conducted during 2021–2022 in JKUT and Himachal Pradesh. It was based on data collected during a preliminary survey during the current research work. As part of our research, the variability and genetic parameters of nut characters were evaluated to identify and marking of elite walnut genotypes owning superior characteristics and high-quality traits and also to understand the existing genetic variability in walnut germplasm. The data were collected from one hundred two (102) walnut trees located in various geographical regions of JKUT and Himachal Pradesh. We also calculated phenotypic and genotypic variances (PCV and GCV), heritability (in a broad sense), and expected genetic gain (GG percentage of the mean) on the basis of data collected during the research work and resulted into the high heritability (h2) and high to moderate genetic gain (GG) in the walnut species from JKUT and Himachal Pradesh.

Juglans regia L.(核桃)通常被称为英国核桃或波斯核桃。核桃因其优质的食用坚果和坚固的木材而广为种植。核桃属于胡桃科,孢子体染色体数为 2n = 2x = 32。几十年来,查谟和克什米尔联邦直辖区的核桃基因库中一直有大量的核桃苗木。该地区核桃在形态、物候、生化和生物特征方面具有丰富的多样性,这归功于当地核桃树的巨大变异性。这主要是异花授粉和树苗繁殖的结果。本研究于 2021-2022 年期间在吉尔吉斯坦和喜马偕尔邦进行。该研究以当前研究工作中初步调查收集的数据为基础。作为研究的一部分,我们对坚果特征的变异性和遗传参数进行了评估,以确定和标记具有优良特性和高品质特征的核桃精英基因型,同时了解核桃种质中现有的遗传变异性。我们从位于 JKUT 和喜马偕尔邦不同地理区域的一百零二(102)棵核桃树上收集了数据。我们还根据研究工作期间收集的数据计算了表型和基因型方差(PCV 和 GCV)、遗传率(广义)和预期遗传增益(平均值的 GG 百分比),结果显示吉尔吉斯坦工科大学和喜马偕尔邦的核桃品种具有较高的遗传率 (h2) 和较高到中等的遗传增益 (GG)。
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引用次数: 0
Morphological, Pedological and Chemical Characterization and Classification of Soils in Morogoro District, Tanzania 坦桑尼亚莫罗戈罗地区土壤的形态学、土壤学和化学特征及分类
IF 1.4 Q3 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.1007/s40003-023-00693-4
Emmanuely Z. Nungula, Jayne Mugwe, Boniface H. J. Massawe, Harun I. Gitari

This study was carried out in Morogoro district, Tanzania to characterize and classify soils using USDA Soil Taxonomy and World Reference Base (WRB) for Soil classification methods. The site characteristics were identified during the reconnaissance survey for the determination of sampling units. Six soil profile pits namely TUG-P1, TUG-P2, TUG-P3, TUG-P4, TUG-P5, and TUG-P6 were excavated, described, and sampled for laboratory physico-chemical analysis. Topsoil bulky densities were determined and ranged from 1.23 to 1.37 g cm−3. The surface soil pH ranged from moderately acidic to slightly acidic (5.69–6.58) and subsoil from strongly acidic to neutral (4.72–7.30). Soil organic carbon (OC) was low for both top (2.93–4.79 g kg−1) and subsoil (2.34–3.51 g kg−1). Total nitrogen was medium (2–4 g kg−1 for the topsoil and 2–3 g kg−1 for the subsoil. Available P rated low with the top soil having 4.81–6.22 cmol kg−1 and subsoil recording 3.12–6.14 cmol kg−1. The cation exchange capacity for topsoil ranged from 5.31 to 8.10 cmol kg−1 whereas for subsoil it was 4.91–8.10 cmol kg−1. Using the USDA Soil Taxonomy, soils were classified as Rhodic Siderudox (TUG- P1), Typic Sombrustert (TUG- P2), Typic Eutrustolls (TUG- P3), Psamm Haplustepts (TUG- P4), Typic siderustepts (TUG- P5) and Typic Siderudox (TUG- P6). Under WRB, soil was classified as Rhodic Umbric Ferralsols (Eutric, Arenic) (TUG- P1), Haplic Vertsols (Aric, Orchric) (TUG- P2), Rhodic Eutric Cambisols (Arenic, Aric) (TUG- P3), Haplic Arenosols (Aric, Orchric) (TUG- P4), Rhodic Umbric Ferralsols (Eutric, Arenic) (TUG- P5) and Umbric Ferralsols (Eutric, Arenic) (TUG- P6). Soils showed a high level of weathering of parent material with deep depth, and fine texture dominated by sesquioxides and kaolinitic clays. To sustain yields, the soil’s nutrient management ought to involve the use of integrated approaches such as the application of inorganic (synthetic fertilizer) and organic nutrient inputs.

这项研究在坦桑尼亚莫罗戈罗地区进行,采用美国农业部土壤分类学和世界土壤分类参考数据库(WRB)的方法对土壤进行特征描述和分类。在确定取样单位的勘察调查中确定了场地特征。对六个土壤剖面坑(即 TUG-P1、TUG-P2、TUG-P3、TUG-P4、TUG-P5 和 TUG-P6)进行了挖掘、描述和取样,以进行实验室理化分析。测定的表层土体积密度介于 1.23 至 1.37 g cm-3 之间。表层土壤 pH 值从中度酸性到微酸性(5.69-6.58)不等,底层土壤 pH 值从强酸性到中性(4.72-7.30)不等。表层土壤(2.93-4.79 克/千克)和底层土壤(2.34-3.51 克/千克)的土壤有机碳(OC)含量较低。总氮含量中等(表层土为 2-4 g kg-1,底层土为 2-3 g kg-1)。可利用钾含量较低,表层土壤为 4.81-6.22 cmol kg-1,底层土壤为 3.12-6.14 cmol kg-1。表层土壤的阳离子交换容量为 5.31 至 8.10 cmol kg-1,而底层土壤为 4.91 至 8.10 cmol kg-1。根据美国农业部土壤分类法,土壤被划分为 Rhodic Siderudox(TUG- P1)、Typic Sombrustert(TUG- P2)、Typic Eutrustolls(TUG- P3)、Psamm Haplustepts(TUG- P4)、Typic siderustepts(TUG- P5)和 Typic Siderudox(TUG- P6)。在 WRB 下,土壤被划分为 Rhodic Umbric Ferralsols(Eutric,Arenic)(TUG- P1)、Haplic Vertsols(Aric,Orchric)(TUG- P2)、Rhodic Eutric Cambisols(Arenic、阿雷克)(TUG- P3)、Haplic Arenosols(阿雷克,赭土)(TUG- P4)、Rhodic Umbric Ferralsols(尤特里克,阿雷克)(TUG- P5)和 Umbric Ferralsols(尤特里克,阿雷克)(TUG- P6)。土壤的母质风化程度较高,深度较深,质地细腻,以倍半氧化物和高岭土为主。为保持产量,土壤养分管理应采用综合方法,如施用无机(合成肥料)和有机养分。
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引用次数: 0
Tracking Varietal Authentication of Rice Brands in Bangladesh: Analyzing the Path from Farm to Market 跟踪孟加拉国大米品牌的品种认证:分析从农场到市场的路径
IF 1.4 Q3 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.1007/s40003-024-00698-7
Mohammad Chhiddikur Rahman, Md Shajedur Rahaman, Md Abdur Rouf Sarkar, Valerien O. Pede, Mohammad Ariful Islam, Md Shahjahan Kabir

Market traders have recently deceived consumers about the quality and fair price of rice in Bangladesh, causing serious health concerns and unintended financial losses for consumers. Therefore, this study explores the availability, market share, concentration, and traces the varietal origin of popular rice brands in the market. Moreover, it shows the food security consequences of over-polishing in the manufacture of popular rice brands. Primary data were collected through an intensive survey with rice farmers, paddy and rice traders, and millers. We employed a snowball sampling technique and evaluated 30 different supply chains as case studies to find out the varietal sources of different rice brands. The results show that BR28 was the most popular rice brand, representing about 40% of the rice available in the Upazila-level markets, followed by Miniket (17.7%), Swarna (14.5%), BR29 (12.1%), and others (15.7%). In contrast, in the city markets, the contribution of Miniket was the highest (33.5%), followed by BR28 (19.4%), Zira (19.2%), Nazir (8.5%), and others (19.4%). The traders and millers did not confirm any specific variety against the available popular rice brands in the markets. We explored the varietal origin and found that the brand name Miniket is given to every kind of rice that falls under the medium-slender-type grain category. The market traders concentrated on producing the top four to five rice brands without exercising competition. Producing rice brands by over-polishing and receiving returns from by-products are indeed a double-edged benefit for millers, whereas consumers are paying more for finer polished rice without considering its nutritional value. Therefore, strong market regulations, notably on rice milling and branding, should be enforced to protect against adverse health conditions and financial losses, and also to ensure food and nutrition security in Bangladesh.

最近,孟加拉国市场上的商贩在大米的质量和公平价格方面欺骗消费者,给消费者造成严重的健康问题和意外的经济损失。因此,本研究探讨了市场上流行大米品牌的可用性、市场份额、集中度并追溯其品种来源。此外,研究还揭示了流行大米品牌生产过程中过度抛光对食品安全造成的影响。我们通过对稻农、稻谷和大米贸易商以及碾磨商的深入调查收集了原始数据。我们采用 "滚雪球 "抽样技术,对 30 个不同的供应链进行了案例研究,以找出不同大米品牌的品种来源。结果显示,BR28 是最受欢迎的大米品牌,约占乡级市场大米供应量的 40%,其次是 Miniket(17.7%)、Swarna(14.5%)、BR29(12.1%)和其他(15.7%)。相比之下,在城市市场,Miniket 的贡献率最高(33.5%),其次是 BR28(19.4%)、Zira(19.2%)、Nazir(8.5%)和其他(19.4%)。贸易商和碾米商没有根据市场上现有的流行大米品牌确认任何特定品种。我们对品种来源进行了探究,发现 Miniket 品牌被赋予了每一种属于中等细长型谷物类别的大米。市场上的商贩集中生产排名前四至前五位的大米品牌,不进行竞争。通过过度碾米生产大米品牌,并从副产品中获得收益,这对碾米商来说确实是双刃剑,而消费者却在不考虑大米营养价值的情况下,为更精细的碾米支付更高的价格。因此,应实施强有力的市场法规,特别是关于碾米和品牌的法规,以防止出现不利的健康状况和经济损失,并确保孟加拉国的粮食和营养安全。
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引用次数: 0
Physio-Morphological Characterization of Interspecific Hybridization-Derived Hull-Less Seeded Lines for Fruit and Seed Traits in Pumpkin 种间杂交产生的无壳种子品系在南瓜果实和种子性状方面的生理形态特征
IF 1.4 Q3 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.1007/s40003-024-00712-y
Karmvir Singh Garcha, Neha Verma, Barinder Kaur, Madhu Sharma, Jiffinvir Singh Khosa, Ajmer Singh Dhatt

Hull-less seed trait is readily available in Cucurbita pepo, but to enhance its yield in diverse climatic conditions transfer of this trait in another related species, viz. C. moschata, is highly desirable. Consequently, a set of total 33 hull-less seeded genotypes including 31 derived from interspecific hybridization between C. pepo (hull-less) and C. moschata (hulled), and two C. pepo genotypes were evaluated for various fruit and seed traits. Analysis of variance revealed significant variation among the genotypes for fruit (fruit weight, polar and equatorial diameter) and seed (seed length, width, thickness, number of seeds, and 100-seed weight) traits. An interspecific hybridization-derived genotype, viz. HL3643-6, was comparable to check C. pepo genotypes for most of the traits. All studied traits exhibited high heritability and genetic advance, with a significant positive correlation confirming their interrelationship. Principal component analysis indicated that the first two components contributed to 82.66% of the cumulative variance, with all eight traits contributing to PC1 and seed thickness along with hundred-seed weight being the major contributors to PC2. Overall, the investigation highlighted substantial variation in the interspecific derived lines and their potential for exploitation in improving the hull-less seed trait.

无壳种子性状在葫芦科植物中很容易获得,但为了提高其在不同气候条件下的产量,将这一性状转移到另一个相关物种(即 C. moschata)中是非常可取的。因此,我们对总共 33 个无壳种子基因型(其中 31 个来自 C. pepo(无壳)和 C. moschata(有壳)的种间杂交)和两个 C. pepo 基因型进行了各种果实和种子性状的评估。方差分析显示,基因型之间在果实(果实重量、极径和赤道径)和种子(种子长度、宽度、厚度、种子数量和 100 粒种子重量)性状方面存在显著差异。种间杂交产生的基因型 HL3643-6 在大多数性状上与对照 C. pepo 基因型相当。所有研究的性状都表现出较高的遗传率和遗传进展,显著的正相关性证实了它们之间的相互关系。主成分分析表明,前两个成分占累积变异的 82.66%,所有八个性状都对 PC1 有贡献,种子厚度和百粒种子重量是 PC2 的主要贡献成分。总之,调查突出了种间衍生品系的巨大变异及其在改良无壳种子性状方面的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Enabling Smart Agriculture: An IoT-Based Framework for Real-Time Monitoring and Analysis of Agricultural Data 实现智能农业:基于物联网的农业数据实时监控和分析框架
IF 1.4 Q3 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.1007/s40003-024-00705-x
Faruk Enes Oguz, Mahmut Nedim Ekersular, Kubilay Muhammed Sunnetci, Ahmet Alkan

With the progress in sensor and cloud technologies in contemporary times, a range of intelligent agriculture applications has gained considerable prominence. It is predicted that these developments can continue to pique the interest of researchers in the future. On the other hand, it is seen that IoT (Internet of Things)-based models are used in various fields. Herein, the primary objectives of this study are to enable farmers to remotely monitor and manage field conditions through sensor technology and IoT integration. In addition, these technological advancements make it possible to take the required measurements. Farmers can optimize their agricultural practices based on the analysis of the data obtained for this application. Thus, the aim is to manage the agricultural process more effectively and efficiently. In this study, an IoT-based framework is proposed for agricultural data monitoring. Light, temperature–pressure, smoke, humidity, and soil dryness values can be measured from GY-30, BME280, MQ-2, DHT11, and YL-69, respectively. An ESP-32S development board is used to collect data from sensors, and this board is coded using Arduino IDE. Subsequently, using ESP-32S, it is sent to the ThingSpeak cloud service provided by MATLAB via a Wi-Fi connection. Thus, these data can be easily transferred to MATLAB. We create a user-friendly Graphical User Interface application so that the data can be monitored and analyzed in MATLAB as well as ThingSpeak. This application allows users to monitor the data flow in real time and can easily provide the requested values such as maximum, minimum, mean, standard deviation, and current with the help of a button. In addition, the proposed system sends an e-mail to the user when soil dryness and smoke values exceed a certain threshold value. The results obtained in the study indicate that the proposed model can save time and labor in addition to providing reliable and fast data flow.

随着传感器和云技术在当代的进步,一系列智能农业应用已变得相当突出。可以预见,这些发展在未来会继续引起研究人员的兴趣。另一方面,基于物联网(IoT)的模型被广泛应用于各个领域。因此,本研究的主要目标是通过传感器技术和物联网集成,使农民能够远程监控和管理田间情况。此外,这些技术进步还能进行所需的测量。农民可以根据对该应用所获数据的分析,优化他们的农业实践。因此,这样做的目的是更有效、更高效地管理农业生产过程。本研究提出了一个基于物联网的农业数据监测框架。可分别从 GY-30、BME280、MQ-2、DHT11 和 YL-69 测量光照、温度-压力、烟雾、湿度和土壤干燥度值。使用 ESP-32S 开发板收集传感器的数据,并使用 Arduino IDE 对该开发板进行编码。随后,使用 ESP-32S 通过 Wi-Fi 连接将数据发送到 MATLAB 提供的 ThingSpeak 云服务。因此,这些数据可以很容易地传输到 MATLAB 中。我们创建了一个用户友好的图形用户界面应用程序,以便在 MATLAB 和 ThingSpeak 中监控和分析数据。该应用程序允许用户实时监控数据流,并可通过按钮轻松提供所需的值,如最大值、最小值、平均值、标准偏差和当前值。此外,当土壤干燥度和烟雾值超过某个阈值时,拟议的系统会向用户发送电子邮件。研究结果表明,除了提供可靠、快速的数据流外,所建议的模型还能节省时间和人力。
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引用次数: 0
Sorghum Yield Using Rectangular Versus Spherical zaï Pits and Integrated Soil Fertility Management in the Sahelian and Sudano-Sahelian Zones of Burkina Faso 布基纳法索萨赫勒和苏达诺-萨赫勒地区利用矩形zai坑和球形zai坑以及土壤肥力综合管理获得的高粱产量
IF 1.4 Q3 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.1007/s40003-023-00690-7
Abdoulaye Dabre, Patrice Savadogo, Lassina Sanou, Hassan Bismarck Nacro

Poor farming practices have contributed to the degradation of the majority of soils in Burkina Faso. This has led to the formation of bare soils and new clearings. These soils are generally reclaimed by zaï, an ancestral water and soil conservation practice that needs further improvement to ensure food security. The following study consisted of giving a rectangular shape to the usually spherical zaï pits in order to measure sorghum yield’s parameters in a factorial design: type of amendments (compost + NPK and compost + urea + Burkina phosphate); length (35 and 45 cm) and depth of the pits (10 and 20 cm) with 4 replications. Using the sites of Kiembara (Sahelian zone) and Arbollé (Southern Sudan-Sahelian zone), sorghum growth, biomass, grain yield, harvest index and threshing rate were measured. Overall, highlight the importance of rainwater harvesting using zaï pits and the use of manure in combination with mineral fertilizer supplements in improving soil fertility and enhancing crop yields. There is good evidence that grain yield was significantly improved under rectangular zaï with 45-cm-long pits (2032.7 kg.ha−1 in Kiembara, 1561.7 kg.ha−1 in Arbollé) than under ordinary zaï (1053.6 kg.ha−1 in Kiembara; 990.2 kg.ha−1 at Arbollé). This yield improved further with the application of compost combined with Burkina phosphate and urea under the rectangular zaï of 45-cm-long and 20-cm deep pits, 2333.9 kg.ha−1 in Kiembara and 1967.7 kg.ha−1 in Arbollé. Under ordinary zaï, the same inputs resulted in a grain yield of around 1034.5 kg.ha−1 in Kiembara and 916 kg.ha−1 in Arbollé. Hence, rectangular zaï was better than ordinary zaï in increasing the agronomic parameters of sorghum, especially in the Sahelian agroclimatic zone, providing good water conditions to produce enough useful cobs and therefore a solution to reduce food insecurity.

不良的耕作方式导致布基纳法索大部分土壤退化。这导致形成裸露土壤和新的空地。这些土壤通常通过扎伊(zaï)开垦,这是一种祖传的水土保持做法,需要进一步改进,以确保粮食安全。接下来的研究包括将通常为球形的 zaï 坑改成长方形,以便通过因子设计测量高粱的产量参数:添加剂的类型(堆肥+氮磷钾和堆肥+尿素+布基纳法索磷酸盐);坑的长度(35 厘米和 45 厘米)和深度(10 厘米和 20 厘米),4 次重复。在 Kiembara(萨赫勒地区)和 Arbollé(苏丹南部-萨赫勒地区)两地测量了高粱的生长、生物量、谷物产量、收获指数和脱粒率。总之,突出强调了利用扎伊坑收集雨水以及结合使用粪肥和矿物肥料对改善土壤肥力和提高作物产量的重要性。有充分证据表明,与普通贮水池(基恩巴拉为 1053.6 千克/公顷;阿博莱为 990.2 千克/公顷)相比,45 厘米长的矩形贮水池显著提高了谷物产量(基恩巴拉为 2032.7 千克/公顷;阿博莱为 1561.7 千克/公顷)。在长 45 厘米、深 20 厘米的矩形畦下施用堆肥和布基纳法索磷酸盐及尿素后,产量进一步提高,基恩巴拉为 2333.9 千克/公顷,阿尔博莱为 1967.7 千克/公顷。在普通栅栏下,同样的投入在金巴拉的粮食产量约为 1034.5 千克/公顷,在阿博莱的粮食产量约为 916 千克/公顷。因此,矩形高粱比普通高粱更能提高高粱的农艺参数,特别是在萨赫勒农业气候区,能提供良好的水分条件,生产出足够的有用的高粱杆,因此是减少粮食不安全的一个解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
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Agricultural Research
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