G. Jackson, Yameso Abasi Cyprian, Newton Ebelegi Augustus
Heavy metals toxicity has led to the continuous study of new and efficient methods for their removal from the environment. Solvent extraction method was used to study the potentials of the auxiliary complexing agents Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), Oxalate (C 2 O 42- ), Thiocyanate (SCN - ) and Tartrate (C 4 H 4 O 62- ) ions in the simultaneous extraction of Cadmium, Iron, Nickel and Lead from aqueous solutions buffered to either pH 4.75 or 7.5 using the organic extractant 4,4´-(1 E ,1 E ´)-1,1´-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(azan-1-yl-1ylidene))bis(5-methyl-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1 H -pyrazol-3-ol) (H 2 BuEtP) alone or in the presence 4-butanoyl-2-4-dihydro-5-methyl-2-phenyl-3H-pyrazol-3-one (HBuP). 0.001 to 0.1 M of the auxiliary complexing agents and equilibration time of 60 min was used. Distribution ratios and percentage extraction was calculated using raffinates and metal standard absorbances. EDTA, Oxalate and Thiocyanate ions and pH 4.75 was found not suitable for the multi-metal extraction of the four metals attributed to the formation of very stable complexes with these auxiliary complexing agents’ ions masking the extraction of the metals, although statistically, there were no significant differences in most cases between the extractions of the metals in the two buffers. Using the ligand H 2 BuEtP alone with a buffer of pH 7.5 and 0.001 M Tartrate, 7 batches of extraction are theoretically required to achieve 99.9% simultaneous extraction of the four metals as the best result while with the mixed ligands H 2 BuEtP/HBuP organic extractant system, 7 batches are required for 0.001 to 0.005 M Tartrate, 5 batches for 0.05 M Tartrate and 4 batches for 0.01 M Tartrate as the best results. Statistically, there was no significant difference between the two organic phases with the exception being Thiocyanate for Nickel with buffer of pH 7.5 that showed slight synergic effect of HBuP.
{"title":"Evaluating the potentials of complexing agents in multi-metal extractions using 4,4-(1e,1e)-1,1-(Ethane-1,2-Diylbis(Azan-1-Yl-1ylidene))Bis(5-Methyl-2-Phenyl-2,3-Dihydro-1h-Pyrazol-3-Ol) (H2BuEtP)","authors":"G. Jackson, Yameso Abasi Cyprian, Newton Ebelegi Augustus","doi":"10.5897/ajpac2021.0882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajpac2021.0882","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metals toxicity has led to the continuous study of new and efficient methods for their removal from the environment. Solvent extraction method was used to study the potentials of the auxiliary complexing agents Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), Oxalate (C 2 O 42- ), Thiocyanate (SCN - ) and Tartrate (C 4 H 4 O 62- ) ions in the simultaneous extraction of Cadmium, Iron, Nickel and Lead from aqueous solutions buffered to either pH 4.75 or 7.5 using the organic extractant 4,4´-(1 E ,1 E ´)-1,1´-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(azan-1-yl-1ylidene))bis(5-methyl-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1 H -pyrazol-3-ol) (H 2 BuEtP) alone or in the presence 4-butanoyl-2-4-dihydro-5-methyl-2-phenyl-3H-pyrazol-3-one (HBuP). 0.001 to 0.1 M of the auxiliary complexing agents and equilibration time of 60 min was used. Distribution ratios and percentage extraction was calculated using raffinates and metal standard absorbances. EDTA, Oxalate and Thiocyanate ions and pH 4.75 was found not suitable for the multi-metal extraction of the four metals attributed to the formation of very stable complexes with these auxiliary complexing agents’ ions masking the extraction of the metals, although statistically, there were no significant differences in most cases between the extractions of the metals in the two buffers. Using the ligand H 2 BuEtP alone with a buffer of pH 7.5 and 0.001 M Tartrate, 7 batches of extraction are theoretically required to achieve 99.9% simultaneous extraction of the four metals as the best result while with the mixed ligands H 2 BuEtP/HBuP organic extractant system, 7 batches are required for 0.001 to 0.005 M Tartrate, 5 batches for 0.05 M Tartrate and 4 batches for 0.01 M Tartrate as the best results. Statistically, there was no significant difference between the two organic phases with the exception being Thiocyanate for Nickel with buffer of pH 7.5 that showed slight synergic effect of HBuP.","PeriodicalId":7556,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74860243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gbè Gondo Didier Diomandé, Sagne Jacques Akpa, D. Zon, A. Adjou
In the search for new drugs possessing the activities we have sought to synthesize new quinoline derivatives which constitute a basic heterocyclic support of some drugs such as quinine, chloroquine marketed under the name Nivaquine®, Mefloquine®, used in the treatment of malaria. The objective of this work is to contribute to the synthesis of new derivatives of quinoline. It consists in introducing heterocycles such as benzimidazole in its 3-position. The introduction of heterocyclics, aryls or alkyls on the pyrrolic nitrogen of benzimidazole, allowed us to obtain compounds 3a-f. The chemical structures of all these compounds were determined by NMR (1H, 13C) and electron impact mass spectrometry. Key words: Quinoline, benzimidazole, aryls, alkyls.
{"title":"Synthesis of N-alkyl-3- (1H-benzimidazolyl) -2-chloroquinoline derivatives potential candidates against infectious organisms","authors":"Gbè Gondo Didier Diomandé, Sagne Jacques Akpa, D. Zon, A. Adjou","doi":"10.5897/AJPAC2020.0857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPAC2020.0857","url":null,"abstract":"In the search for new drugs possessing the activities we have sought to synthesize new quinoline derivatives which constitute a basic heterocyclic support of some drugs such as quinine, chloroquine marketed under the name Nivaquine®, Mefloquine®, used in the treatment of malaria. The objective of this work is to contribute to the synthesis of new derivatives of quinoline. It consists in introducing heterocycles such as benzimidazole in its 3-position. The introduction of heterocyclics, aryls or alkyls on the pyrrolic nitrogen of benzimidazole, allowed us to obtain compounds 3a-f. The chemical structures of all these compounds were determined by NMR (1H, 13C) and electron impact mass spectrometry. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Quinoline, benzimidazole, aryls, alkyls.","PeriodicalId":7556,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76635510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work chemical changes in 42 years old single base propellant induced by natural aging were evaluated. The sample was stored for a long time under uncontrolled conditions. The chemical stability was tested using High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), the vacuum stability test (VST), SEM/EDX and visual analysis by Stereo Microscope. Heat flow calorimetry (HFC) method was used for analysis of thermal behavior of the sample. Visual changes in appearance of the 42 years old propellant sample surface were apparent. HPLC analysis showed that the sample contains very low effective stabilizer content ( 2 ml/g). Therefore, the propellant is classified as very unstable. Although the effective stabilizer is almost completely consumed, the sample demonstrated very good thermal properties measured using HFC where the heat flow limit of 114 μW/g was not exceeded. The presence of inorganic stabilizers which could contribute to stability was examined using SEM/EDX. The results showed only presence of C, O and N and traces of Si. It could be assumed that even though all the parent DPA is almost consumed, the remaining daughter stabilizer products continue to protect the propellant from possible self-ignition for a long period of time. Key words: Propellants, natural aging, chemical stability.
{"title":"Analysis of stability of naturally aged single base propellants","authors":"Halilović Namir, KauÄiÄ-Å kufca Mojca, Ademović Zahida, BaÅ¡ić-Halilović Azra, Omanović Rasim","doi":"10.5897/AJPAC2020.0859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPAC2020.0859","url":null,"abstract":"In this work chemical changes in 42 years old single base propellant induced by natural aging were evaluated. The sample was stored for a long time under uncontrolled conditions. The chemical stability was tested using High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), the vacuum stability test (VST), SEM/EDX and visual analysis by Stereo Microscope. Heat flow calorimetry (HFC) method was used for analysis of thermal behavior of the sample. Visual changes in appearance of the 42 years old propellant sample surface were apparent. HPLC analysis showed that the sample contains very low effective stabilizer content ( 2 ml/g). Therefore, the propellant is classified as very unstable. Although the effective stabilizer is almost completely consumed, the sample demonstrated very good thermal properties measured using HFC where the heat flow limit of 114 μW/g was not exceeded. The presence of inorganic stabilizers which could contribute to stability was examined using SEM/EDX. The results showed only presence of C, O and N and traces of Si. It could be assumed that even though all the parent DPA is almost consumed, the remaining daughter stabilizer products continue to protect the propellant from possible self-ignition for a long period of time. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Propellants, natural aging, chemical stability.","PeriodicalId":7556,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry","volume":"358 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82627240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. N. Eroi, A. S. Ello, D. Diabaté, D. Ossonon, Jocelin Martial Yao
In this work, a tungsten oxide nanoparticle was developed with a simple method, using tungsten powder. The orthorhombic, hexagonal and monoclinic crystalline structures obtained were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, as well as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The coupling of these tungsten oxide nano particles with hydrogen peroxide is carried out on methyl orange removal from wastewater. The use of Hydrated orthorhombic particles showed the highest removal rate up to 89.7% comparatively to hexagonal and monoclinic crystalline structures respectively. The reusability of these particles showed a good stability with monoclinic crystalline structure after four cycles. Key words: Dyes, Tungsten Oxide, Catalysis, H2O2.we
{"title":"Catalytic activity of using tungsten oxide with hydrogen peroxide for methyl orange degradation","authors":"S. N. Eroi, A. S. Ello, D. Diabaté, D. Ossonon, Jocelin Martial Yao","doi":"10.5897/ajpac2019.0827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajpac2019.0827","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a tungsten oxide nanoparticle was developed with a simple method, using tungsten powder. The orthorhombic, hexagonal and monoclinic crystalline structures obtained were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, as well as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The coupling of these tungsten oxide nano particles with hydrogen peroxide is carried out on methyl orange removal from wastewater. The use of Hydrated orthorhombic particles showed the highest removal rate up to 89.7% comparatively to hexagonal and monoclinic crystalline structures respectively. The reusability of these particles showed a good stability with monoclinic crystalline structure after four cycles. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Dyes, Tungsten Oxide, Catalysis, H2O2.we","PeriodicalId":7556,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79083719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Mélèse, Kasahun Chala, Yihune Ayele, Mitiku Abdisa
Corncob adsorbent was prepared through environmental friendly process without any additional chemical treatment. The prepared material was characterized by X-ray diffract meter (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and pH points zero charge techniques. The XRD diffracted pattern of corncob adsorbent did not shows well-defined sharp peaks instead it shows pumps peaks; this indicates that the diffraction patterns of the corncob adsorbent has low crystallinity (amorphous). FTIR characterizations of corncob indicate the presence of functional groups. The point zero charge of corncob adsorbent was found to be 7.05; it can be basic modification of the adsorbate which gave a negative (basic) surface charge for the adsorbent. The effect of corncob dosage, contact time and solution pH were studied at optimum values for removal of Pb, Cd, Cr and Cu metals using Batch method. Adsorption equilibrium data fitted well with the Freundlich isotherm for Pb, Cd and Cu metal ions but Langmuir isotherm for Cr(VI) metal ion. Key words: Adsorption equilibrium, batch method, corncob, metal ions, optimum values.
{"title":"Preparation, characterization of raw corncob adsorbent for removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution using batch method","authors":"T. Mélèse, Kasahun Chala, Yihune Ayele, Mitiku Abdisa","doi":"10.5897/AJPAC2019.0817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPAC2019.0817","url":null,"abstract":"Corncob adsorbent was prepared through environmental friendly process without any additional chemical treatment. The prepared material was characterized by X-ray diffract meter (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and pH points zero charge techniques. The XRD diffracted pattern of corncob adsorbent did not shows well-defined sharp peaks instead it shows pumps peaks; this indicates that the diffraction patterns of the corncob adsorbent has low crystallinity (amorphous). FTIR characterizations of corncob indicate the presence of functional groups. The point zero charge of corncob adsorbent was found to be 7.05; it can be basic modification of the adsorbate which gave a negative (basic) surface charge for the adsorbent. The effect of corncob dosage, contact time and solution pH were studied at optimum values for removal of Pb, Cd, Cr and Cu metals using Batch method. Adsorption equilibrium data fitted well with the Freundlich isotherm for Pb, Cd and Cu metal ions but Langmuir isotherm for Cr(VI) metal ion. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Adsorption equilibrium, batch method, corncob, metal ions, optimum values.","PeriodicalId":7556,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry","volume":"55 1","pages":"81-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90805276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Noba, Moumouni Koala, A. Hema, R. Bationo, C. E., Eloi Pal e, M. Nacro
Saba senegalensis fruits have gained more attention in recent years due to their antioxidant compounds such as carotenoids, phenolics, vitamin C. This study was designed to identify the main carotenoids from S. senegalensis fruits including phenolics and vitamin C quantifications. Carotenoid profiles from tissues of these fruits have been characterized by High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography- mass spectrometry (HPTLC-MS) for the first time. Phenolics and vitamin C contents were studied using spectrophotometric and high-performance liquid chromatography-diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD) methods, respectively. Using the Folin-Ciocalteu’s reagent, total phenolics content was estimated to be around 630 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g fresh fruit of S. senegalensis. The HPLC analysis showed vitamin C content of about 1511 µg/100 g fresh weight. Three xanthophylls (antheraxanthin, lutein, and β-cryptoxanthin), and two hydrocarbon carotenes (β-carotene and phytoene) were identified in the saponified extract of fruits. For radical-scavenging activity, using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, S. senegalensis fruits extract was estimated to be 75 mg of Trolox equivalents/100 g fresh weight for whole fruit. Results obtained indicate that S. senegalensis fruits are a cheap source of carotenoids and other micronutrients. They are important for industrials and as an ingredient used in functional food formulation. Key words: Carotene, β-carotene, pigment, antioxidants, fruit extract, functional food.
{"title":"Carotenoids identification by HPTLC-MS and vitamin C content of fruits of Saba senegalensis (A. DC) Pichon","authors":"A. Noba, Moumouni Koala, A. Hema, R. Bationo, C. E., Eloi Pal e, M. Nacro","doi":"10.5897/AJPAC2020.0832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPAC2020.0832","url":null,"abstract":"Saba senegalensis fruits have gained more attention in recent years due to their antioxidant compounds such as carotenoids, phenolics, vitamin C. This study was designed to identify the main carotenoids from S. senegalensis fruits including phenolics and vitamin C quantifications. Carotenoid profiles from tissues of these fruits have been characterized by High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography- mass spectrometry (HPTLC-MS) for the first time. Phenolics and vitamin C contents were studied using spectrophotometric and high-performance liquid chromatography-diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD) methods, respectively. Using the Folin-Ciocalteu’s reagent, total phenolics content was estimated to be around 630 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g fresh fruit of S. senegalensis. The HPLC analysis showed vitamin C content of about 1511 µg/100 g fresh weight. Three xanthophylls (antheraxanthin, lutein, and β-cryptoxanthin), and two hydrocarbon carotenes (β-carotene and phytoene) were identified in the saponified extract of fruits. For radical-scavenging activity, using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, S. senegalensis fruits extract was estimated to be 75 mg of Trolox equivalents/100 g fresh weight for whole fruit. Results obtained indicate that S. senegalensis fruits are a cheap source of carotenoids and other micronutrients. They are important for industrials and as an ingredient used in functional food formulation. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Carotene, β-carotene, pigment, antioxidants, fruit extract, functional food.","PeriodicalId":7556,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry","volume":"20 1","pages":"60-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84395969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ebba Rosendal, Jean Claude W. Ou edraogo, C. Dicko, E. Dey, Y. Bonzi-Coulibaly
This study aimed to elucidate the effect of sampling location of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves on antioxidant activity, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). Leaves of E. camaldulensis collected at three different locations in Burkina Faso (north, central, south-west) were subjected to hydrodistillation to obtain a water extract and subsequent ethanol extraction of the solid residue. The extracts were analysed for antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, TPC, TFC and high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint. TPC were higher in water extracts and presented considerable variation from 129±9 to 266±4 milligram Gallic Acid Equivalent per gram of extract (mg GAE/g) with the highest value 266±4 mg GAE/g at the south-west site. This aqueous extract also showed high antioxidant activity with EC50 8.3 µg/mL. Furthermore, HPTLC fingerprint of the extracts showed both band intensity and size differences. For TFC, we found a slight differences within both water and ethanolic extracts with the highest value of 38.3 ±4.2 mg QE/g for the south-west ethanolic extract. The noticeable impact of climate on chemical variability of E. camaldulensis leaves needs to be taken into consideration for any further applications based on TPC biological activity of the extracts. Key words: Eucalyptus camaldulensis, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, sample location, chemical variation.
{"title":"Geographical variation in total phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant activities of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves in Burkina Faso","authors":"Ebba Rosendal, Jean Claude W. Ou edraogo, C. Dicko, E. Dey, Y. Bonzi-Coulibaly","doi":"10.5897/AJPAC2020.0837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPAC2020.0837","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to elucidate the effect of sampling location of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves on antioxidant activity, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). Leaves of E. camaldulensis collected at three different locations in Burkina Faso (north, central, south-west) were subjected to hydrodistillation to obtain a water extract and subsequent ethanol extraction of the solid residue. The extracts were analysed for antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, TPC, TFC and high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint. TPC were higher in water extracts and presented considerable variation from 129±9 to 266±4 milligram Gallic Acid Equivalent per gram of extract (mg GAE/g) with the highest value 266±4 mg GAE/g at the south-west site. This aqueous extract also showed high antioxidant activity with EC50 8.3 µg/mL. Furthermore, HPTLC fingerprint of the extracts showed both band intensity and size differences. For TFC, we found a slight differences within both water and ethanolic extracts with the highest value of 38.3 ±4.2 mg QE/g for the south-west ethanolic extract. The noticeable impact of climate on chemical variability of E. camaldulensis leaves needs to be taken into consideration for any further applications based on TPC biological activity of the extracts. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Eucalyptus camaldulensis, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, sample location, chemical variation.","PeriodicalId":7556,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry","volume":"41 1","pages":"51-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75876981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work investigated the human health risk effects of heavy metal contamination at Galena mining area. 10 elements were identified in both irrigated and wet season edible crops and fish were collected from five sampling locations at Galena mining area. Wet season crops held higher concentrations of heavy metals than irrigated crops. Study showed carcinogenic heavy metals Pb (1.42 E +08), Cd (1.36 E +14), Cr (1.31E – 07), As (3.92 E -06), Co (9.42E + 12), Cd (1.36 E +14) while non-carcinogenic heavy metals exposure showed assessment of health risk which indicated three major exposure pathways for people: ingestion, dermal contact and inhalation for non-carcinogenic while carcinogenic metals were exposure through ingestion and inhalation only. HI and HQ levels are < 1 indicating health risks of heavy metals in crops and fish, while carcinogenic Pb showed higher HI through ingestion by children and adults exposure. In this study, the routes of heavy metals exposure especially Pb as the major constituent element of galena was greater than 1.0 indicating higher health risks hence adequate diagnosis should be upheld in the area. Key words: Galena, heavy metal, carcinogenic, non-carcinogenic, health risk
研究了方铅矿矿区重金属污染对人体健康的危害。在方铅矿矿区的5个采样点采集了灌溉和雨季食用作物和鱼类的10种元素。雨季作物的重金属含量高于灌溉作物。研究显示，致癌重金属Pb (1.42 E +08)、Cd (1.36 E +14)、Cr (1.31E - 07)、As (3.92 E -06)、Co (9.42E + 12)、Cd (1.36 E +14)与非致癌性重金属暴露存在健康风险评估，非致癌性重金属暴露主要有三种途径:摄入、皮肤接触和吸入，致癌金属仅通过摄入和吸入暴露。HI和HQ水平均< 1，表明作物和鱼类中的重金属存在健康风险，而致癌物Pb则通过儿童和成人摄入暴露而显示出更高的HI。在本研究中，重金属暴露途径，特别是铅作为方铅矿的主要组成元素大于1.0，表明该地区存在较高的健康风险，因此应坚持充分的诊断。关键词:方铅矿，重金属，致癌，非致癌，健康风险
{"title":"Health risk assessment on humans by contamination of heavy metals in some edible crops and fish at Galena mining area of Nahuta, Alkaleri Local Government Area, Bauchi State, Nigeria","authors":"Y. Usman, P. Yahaya, U. Modibbo","doi":"10.5897/ajpac2019.0814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajpac2019.0814","url":null,"abstract":"This work investigated the human health risk effects of heavy metal contamination at Galena mining area. 10 elements were identified in both irrigated and wet season edible crops and fish were collected from five sampling locations at Galena mining area. Wet season crops held higher concentrations of heavy metals than irrigated crops. Study showed carcinogenic heavy metals Pb (1.42 E +08), Cd (1.36 E +14), Cr (1.31E – 07), As (3.92 E -06), Co (9.42E + 12), Cd (1.36 E +14) while non-carcinogenic heavy metals exposure showed assessment of health risk which indicated three major exposure pathways for people: ingestion, dermal contact and inhalation for non-carcinogenic while carcinogenic metals were exposure through ingestion and inhalation only. HI and HQ levels are < 1 indicating health risks of heavy metals in crops and fish, while carcinogenic Pb showed higher HI through ingestion by children and adults exposure. In this study, the routes of heavy metals exposure especially Pb as the major constituent element of galena was greater than 1.0 indicating higher health risks hence adequate diagnosis should be upheld in the area. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Galena, heavy metal, carcinogenic, non-carcinogenic, health risk","PeriodicalId":7556,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry","volume":"34 1","pages":"42-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74093966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of kinetics and equilibrium studies of biosorption potentials of bamboo stem biomass for removal of Lead (II) and Cadmium (II) ions from aqueous solution","authors":"J. Olayinka, Babatunde Ibigbami Tope, Oluwakayode Odeja Olubunmi, Moses Sosanolu Omoniyi","doi":"10.5897/ajpac2019.0812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajpac2019.0812","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7556,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79470717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Alabi, L. Lajide, O. Ajayi, A. Adebayo, S. Emmanuel, A. Fadeyi
Cellulose is the most abundant biomass in nature with properties that have enabled its application in different industrial processes. Its derivative, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose serves as an additive in food and non-food products such as desserts, detergents, paints etc. In this study, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was synthesized from cellulose isolated from three ligno-cellulosic biomass, Tithonia diversifolia stalk (TDS), Musa parasidiaca stem (MPS) and unripe peel of Musa parasidiaca fruit (MPP). The isolation of cellulose was done by soda pulping and bleached using sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, sodium hydroxide sequencing, followed by synthesis and purification of CMC. The physicochemical properties of the plant samples, isolated cellulose and bleached pulps including the synthesized CMC were determined. The effects of various processing stages on the properties of the cellulose and synthesized CMC were revealed in the study. CMC yield ranged from 62.57, 41.37 and 33.21% and the degree of substitution ranged from 0.33, 0.28 and 0.17 for TDS, MPS and MPP respectively. Further characterization of CMC using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) confirmed the presence of major expected peaks that showed differences in terms of carboxymethyl substitution as compared to that of commercial CMC. The study revealed the potential of these plants for production of industrial grade CMC. Key words: Lignocellulosic biomass, cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, soda pulping, bleaching, etherification, Tithonia diversifolia, Musa paradisiaca.
{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of carboxymethyl cellulose from Musa paradisiaca and \u0000Tithonia diversifolia","authors":"F. Alabi, L. Lajide, O. Ajayi, A. Adebayo, S. Emmanuel, A. Fadeyi","doi":"10.5897/AJPAC2019.0821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPAC2019.0821","url":null,"abstract":"Cellulose is the most abundant biomass in nature with properties that have enabled its application in different industrial processes. Its derivative, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose serves as an additive in food and non-food products such as desserts, detergents, paints etc. In this study, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was synthesized from cellulose isolated from three ligno-cellulosic biomass, Tithonia diversifolia stalk (TDS), Musa parasidiaca stem (MPS) and unripe peel of Musa parasidiaca fruit (MPP). The isolation of cellulose was done by soda pulping and bleached using sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, sodium hydroxide sequencing, followed by synthesis and purification of CMC. The physicochemical properties of the plant samples, isolated cellulose and bleached pulps including the synthesized CMC were determined. The effects of various processing stages on the properties of the cellulose and synthesized CMC were revealed in the study. CMC yield ranged from 62.57, 41.37 and 33.21% and the degree of substitution ranged from 0.33, 0.28 and 0.17 for TDS, MPS and MPP respectively. Further characterization of CMC using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) confirmed the presence of major expected peaks that showed differences in terms of carboxymethyl substitution as compared to that of commercial CMC. The study revealed the potential of these plants for production of industrial grade CMC. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Lignocellulosic biomass, cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, soda pulping, bleaching, etherification, Tithonia diversifolia, Musa paradisiaca.","PeriodicalId":7556,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72715452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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