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Prevalence and age of identification of permanent childhood hearing impairment in Cyprus. 塞浦路斯永久性儿童听力障碍的患病率和年龄鉴定。
K Hadjikakou, J Bamford

Permanent childhood hearing impairment is a significant public health issue in the United Kingdom and elsewhere. It has effects on the hearing-impaired individual's linguistic, psychological, educational, and vocational development. Data on prevalence are an essential prerequisite for efficient service planning and development. This paper reports the first study to be undertaken in Cyprus to investigate the prevalence and the age at identification of permanent bilateral (congenital or acquired/late-onset) childhood hearing impairment of 50 dB HL or greater. The study was based upon a case ascertainment approach for children born between 1979 and 1996. Two methods were employed for the data collection: interrogation of case records and questionnaires administered to parents. The results for those years in which most cases are likely to have been identified showed an estimated prevalence of 1.19/1,000 live births (congenital) and 0.40/1,000 live births (acquired/late onset), with a mean identification age of 44.0 months for congenital cases. These findings are discussed with reference to the service development needs in Cyprus.

在英国和其他地方,永久性儿童听力障碍是一个重大的公共卫生问题。它对听障个体的语言、心理、教育和职业发展都有影响。关于流行率的数据是有效规划和发展服务的必要先决条件。本文报道了在塞浦路斯进行的第一项研究,调查永久性双侧(先天性或获得性/晚发性)儿童听力障碍50 dB HL或更高的患病率和年龄。这项研究基于对1979年至1996年间出生的儿童的病例确定方法。数据收集采用两种方法:询问病例记录和对家长进行问卷调查。大多数病例可能被发现的年份的结果显示,估计患病率为1.19/1,000活产(先天性)和0.40/1,000活产(获得性/晚发性),先天性病例的平均识别年龄为44.0个月。这些调查结果将参照塞浦路斯的服务发展需要加以讨论。
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引用次数: 0
Incidence/prevalence of sensorineural hearing impairment in Thailand and Southeast Asia. 泰国和东南亚感音神经性听力障碍的发病率/患病率
S Prasansuk

The Bangkok Otological Center (ISA-HI-lFOS/World Health Organization Collaborating Center) carried out a series of prevalence studies of hearing impairment throughout Thailand. This report includes background information for Thailand and its medical personnel and the results of five studies in different regions from 1988 to the present. This report emphasises sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Study I in three Thai provinces showed SNHL at 18.6 per cent. These results were considered abnormally high due to a number of extraneous reasons. Study 2 was conducted in 17 provinces in 5 regions and in Bangkok. Results showed that 8.3 per cent of those tested had a SNHL. Study 3, The Crown Prince Project, involved 21 Crown Prince Hospitals and showed an overall SNHL of 4.6 per cent. Study 4 was the Thai-Swedish project, where SNHL was reported at 22.7 per cent. Study 5 involved school children aged 6 to 15 in both rural Thailand and Bangkok. Results showed SNHL in Bangkok children at 3.5 per cent compared to 3.6 per cent in the rural children. After a careful review of the various studies, the overall results have been interpreted to suggest that the prevalence of SNHL in Thailand is between 3.5 and 5 per cent.

曼谷耳科中心(ISA-HI-lFOS/世界卫生组织合作中心)在泰国各地开展了一系列听力损伤患病率研究。本报告包括泰国及其医务人员的背景资料以及1988年至今在不同地区进行的五项研究的结果。本报告强调感音神经性听力损失(SNHL)。在泰国三个省份的研究1显示SNHL的发生率为18.6%。由于一些外部原因,这些结果被认为异常高。研究2在5个地区的17个省和曼谷进行。结果显示,8.3%的受测者患有SNHL。研究3,王储项目,涉及21家王储医院,显示SNHL的总体发生率为4.6%。研究4是泰国-瑞典项目,SNHL的报告发生率为22.7%。研究5涉及泰国农村和曼谷6至15岁的学童。结果显示,曼谷儿童的SNHL发病率为3.5%,而农村儿童的SNHL发病率为3.6%。在对各种研究进行仔细审查后,对总体结果的解释表明,泰国SNHL的患病率在3.5%至5%之间。
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引用次数: 0
Epidemiology of permanent childhood hearing impairment in Estonia, 1985-1990. 1985-1990年爱沙尼亚永久性儿童听力障碍的流行病学研究。
K Uus, A C Davis

This paper describes a retrospective study of permanent childhood hearing impairment (PCHI) > or = 40 dB HL in the better ear in children born between 1985 and 1990 and resident in Estonia. The prevalence rate of all permanent hearing impairment for the birth cohort 1985-1990 was 172 (95 per cent (CI 151-194) per 100,000 live births and that of congenital impairment was 152 (CI 134-170) per 100,000. For the congenitally-impaired children, 11 per cent had stayed in a neonatal intensive care unit for 48 hours or more, 2 per cent had a craniofacial abnormality, and 31 per cent had a family history of PCHI. As for aetiology, hereditary causes were stated most frequently in 36 per cent of all of the cases of PCHI. The aetiology remained unknown in 34 per cent of cases. Additional disabilities were found in 23 per cent of all cases. Specific syndromes were recognized in 2 per cent of hereditary cases. The mean age at the confirmation of hearing impairment was 46.4 months and at hearing aid fitting 57.0 months. The results were compared with other European studies, particularly the Trent study.

本文描述了1985年至1990年出生的爱沙尼亚居民的永久性儿童听力障碍(PCHI) >或= 40 dB HL的较好耳的回顾性研究。1985-1990年出生队列中所有永久性听力障碍的患病率为每10万活产172例(95% (CI 151-194)),先天性听力障碍患病率为每10万活产152例(CI 134-170)。对于先天受损的儿童,11%在新生儿重症监护病房待了48小时或更长时间,2%有颅面异常,31%有PCHI家族史。至于病因,遗传原因在所有PCHI病例中最常见,占36%。34%的病例病因不明。在所有病例中,有23%发现有其他残疾。在2%的遗传病例中发现了特定综合征。确诊听力障碍时的平均年龄为46.4个月,助听器验配时的平均年龄为57.0个月。研究结果与其他欧洲研究,特别是特伦特研究进行了比较。
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引用次数: 0
Cochlear implants: an international perspective--Latin American countries and Spain. 人工耳蜗:国际视角——拉丁美洲国家和西班牙。
Pub Date : 2000-07-01 DOI: 10.3109/00206090009073082
P Berruecos

A questionnaire to determine the status of cochlear implant programs was sent to 11 countries in Latin America and Spain. General data were collected based on the population of each country (1996), estimate of population with hearing disorders based on the 10 per cent figure of the World Health Organization. number of people with congenital or acquired sensorineural hearing loss, and candidates for implantation (children and adults). The survey reports the number of people from each country who have been implanted, the cost with respect to per capita annual income (PCAI), and how many people with respect to PCAI would cover the cost of a country's entire program. Also reported are the number who were implanted pre- or post-lingually and the estimate of future new candidates for implantation per year. In conclusion, the paper discusses the ethical and socio-economic issues for cochlear implantation in so-called third world developing countries.

一份调查问卷被发送到拉丁美洲和西班牙的11个国家,以确定人工耳蜗项目的现状。一般数据是根据每个国家的人口(1996年)收集的,听力障碍人口的估计数是根据世界卫生组织10%的数字收集的。先天性或获得性感音神经性听力损失患者的数量,以及植入术的候选者(儿童和成人)。该调查报告了来自每个国家的植入人数,相对于人均年收入(PCAI)的成本,以及有多少人相对于PCAI将支付一个国家整个项目的成本。此外,还报道了舌前或舌后植入术的人数以及每年植入术的新候选人的估计。最后,本文讨论了在所谓的第三世界发展中国家进行人工耳蜗植入的伦理和社会经济问题。
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引用次数: 15
Overview of audiology in Brazil: state of the art. 听力学在巴西的概述:艺术的状态。
Pub Date : 2000-07-01 DOI: 10.3109/00206090009073079
I C Russo

The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the field of clinical and rehabilitative audiology for children and adults in Brazil, while simultaneously offering some data and results from several different research studies within the country. The theme will address seven main topics: (1) the status of services and assistance for the hearing impaired; (2) the results of five different institutional research studies showing the main causes of hearing impairment in children in the city of Săo Paulo; (3) a review of subjective and objective methods for early diagnosis and audiological habilitation of children, including parent counseling, hearing aids, and cochlear implants; (4) a discussion of hearing conservation in different settings; (5) a brief consideration of audiological rehabilitation for hearing-impaired elderly adults in the country; (6) the main results of the First and Second Brazilian National Campaigns of Deafness Prevention; and (7) conclusions.

本文的目的是提供巴西儿童和成人临床和康复听力学领域的概述,同时提供国内几项不同研究的一些数据和结果。该主题将涉及七个主要议题:(1)为听障人士提供的服务和援助的现状;(2)圣保罗市5个不同机构的研究结果显示了儿童听力障碍的主要原因;(3)对儿童早期诊断和听力康复的主客观方法进行综述,包括家长咨询、助听器和人工耳蜗;(4)讨论不同环境下的听力保护;(5)对我国老年人听障听力康复的简要思考;(6)巴西第一次和第二次全国预防耳聋运动的主要成果;(7)结论。
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引用次数: 13
Population-based genetic study of childhood hearing impairment in the Trent Region of the United Kingdom. 英国特伦特地区儿童听力障碍人群遗传研究
Pub Date : 2000-07-01 DOI: 10.3109/00206090009073083
M J Parker, H M Fortnum, I D Young, A C Davis, R F Mueller

The objective of the study was to investigate childhood hearing impairment in a population-based sample from a genetic perspective. Participants included 82 families with hearing-impaired children (aged 4-13) previously ascertained in the Trent Health Region. A questionnaire was mailed to all families, followed by a home visit and Connexin-26 35delG mutation screen. The Connexin-26 35delG mutation was identified in seven families (approximately 10 per cent of non-syndromal hearing impairment). Children of these families were significantly more likely than children with other modes of inheritance to have a profound hearing loss with a flat audiogram profile. The families of children with a significant admission to a neonatal intensive care unit were significantly less likely to have had genetic counselling. Eight families visited were found to have features suggestive of a genetic syndrome that had not been previously assigned a specific diagnosis. The study concluded that hearing-impaired children should be investigated systematically according to an agreed-upon protocol, which should include Connexin-26 35delG mutation analysis at least for those with severe-to-profound hearing loss.

该研究的目的是从遗传学的角度调查以人群为基础的儿童听力障碍。参与者包括先前在特伦特卫生区确定的82个有听力受损儿童(4-13岁)的家庭。将问卷邮寄给所有家庭,随后进行家访和Connexin-26 35delG突变筛查。在7个家族中发现了connexin - 2635delg突变(约占非综合征性听力障碍的10%)。这些家庭的孩子比其他遗传方式的孩子更有可能有严重的听力损失,听力图平坦。新生儿重症监护病房的儿童家庭接受遗传咨询的可能性明显较低。被访问的8个家庭被发现具有暗示遗传综合征的特征,而这些特征以前没有被指定为特定的诊断。该研究得出结论,听力受损儿童应该根据商定的协议进行系统的调查,其中应该包括至少对那些严重到深度听力损失的人进行connexin - 2635delg突变分析。
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引用次数: 11
Attitudes toward hearing-impaired children in less developed countries: a pilot study. 欠发达国家对听障儿童的态度:一项试点研究。
D Stephens, R Stephens, A von Eisenhart-Rothe

Various anecdotal reports have been presented about attitudes to hearing loss and deafness in less developed countries but few studies have addressed this matter systematically. In the present study, we have applied a standardised questionnaire to 357 teachers from as uniform a sample as possible within 20 countries in Africa, Latin America, and Asia and compared the results with those obtained from 107 teachers in Western Europe. The questions tapped into their responses toward developing hearing loss themselves, hearing loss in children they encountered. and which group of children with disabilities they would prefer to teach. The geographical origins of the teachers influenced all measures except their view of the contribution that deaf children could make to society. This was influenced solely by the age of the responding teacher.

关于欠发达国家对听力损失和耳聋的态度,已经提出了各种轶事报告,但很少有研究系统地处理这一问题。在本研究中,我们对来自非洲、拉丁美洲和亚洲20个国家的357名教师进行了标准化问卷调查,并将调查结果与西欧107名教师的调查结果进行了比较。这些问题涉及到他们对自己听力损失的反应,以及他们遇到的儿童听力损失。以及他们更愿意教哪组残疾儿童。教师的地理出身影响了所有措施,除了他们对聋儿对社会的贡献的看法。这仅仅受到教师年龄的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Long-term audiometric follow-up of click-evoked auditory brainstem response in hearing-impaired infants. 听障婴儿点击诱发的听觉脑干反应的长期听力学随访。
R Schoonhoven, P J Lamoré, J A de Laat, J J Grote

Conventional pure-tone thresholds were collected as determined at ages between 4 and 8 years from a group of 163 infants, tested by auditory brainstem response (ABR) in the age range between 1 and 3 years old for objective hearing assessment. The subjects suffered from a variety of degrees and types of sensorineural hearing impairment. The prognostic value of the ABR peak V thresholds in response to 0.1 ms clicks with respect to the behavioural thresholds at octave frequencies from 125 to 8,000 Hz obtained later is evaluated. Correlation between ABR and behavioural thresholds is largest in the 1,000- to 8,000-Hz frequency range. Predicted pure-tone audiograms (mean and SD) were determined for each 10-dB class of ABR thresholds. SDs are in the order of 15 to 18 dB in the 500- to 4,000-Hz range and slightly higher at adjacent frequencies (i.e., somewhat larger than in comparable adult studies). Mean pure-tone thresholds in the 1,000- to 8,000-Hz frequency range are up to 20 dB worse than ABR thresholds, which is opposite to findings in normally-hearing subjects. Thus, with an increasing degree of sensorineural hearing impairment, pure-tone thresholds increase at a significantly higher rate than ABR thresholds. The observation is explained in terms of reduced temporal integration in cochlear hearing loss. ABR thresholds worse than 80 dB nHL are demonstrated to have very limited predictive value with respect to the amount of residual hearing, not only in the low- but also in the high-frequency range. The presence of otitis media during ABR testing is shown to make estimation errors increase to more than 25 dB (SD).

收集163名4 - 8岁婴儿的常规纯音阈值,并对1 - 3岁的婴儿进行听觉脑干反应(ABR)测试,用于客观听力评估。受试者患有不同程度和类型的感觉神经性听力障碍。我们评估了响应于0.1 ms点击的ABR峰值V阈值相对于随后获得的125至8,000 Hz的倍频频率的行为阈值的预测价值。ABR和行为阈值之间的相关性在1000至8000赫兹的频率范围内最大。预测的纯音听力图(平均值和标准差)被确定为每个10分贝类别的ABR阈值。在500至4,000 hz范围内,SDs为15至18 dB,在相邻频率上略高(即,略大于可比的成人研究)。在1,000- 8,000 hz频率范围内,平均纯音阈值比ABR阈值差20 dB,这与听力正常受试者的结果相反。因此,随着感音神经性听力障碍程度的增加,纯音阈值的增加速度明显高于ABR阈值。这一观察结果可以从耳蜗听力损失的时间整合能力降低的角度来解释。低于80 dB nHL的ABR阈值被证明对残余听力量的预测价值非常有限,不仅在低频段,而且在高频频段。在ABR测试中,中耳炎的存在会使估计误差增加到25 dB (SD)以上。
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引用次数: 0
Objective intraoperative method to record averaged electromyographic stapedius muscle reflexes in cochlear implant patients. 目的记录人工耳蜗患者术中镫骨肌平均肌电反射的方法。
B Almqvist, S Harris, J K Shallop

We have developed a procedure to measure the averaged stapedius muscle reflex in response to electrical stimulation (AESR) with a cochlear implant. The AESR, as activated by ipsilateral stimulation with a cochlear implant, was investigated intra-operatively in a series of 12 children. After the cochlear implant was placed into the cochlea and secured by the surgeon, an electromyographic (EMG) needle electrode was gently placed into the stapedius muscle. During stimulation of the cochlear implant, the stapedius reflex was monitored visually (VESR) and as an averaged EMG response (AESR). Consistent AESRs were obtained in 7 of the 12 children. These measures provide a method to obtain stapedius muscle responses that may be helpful in the programming of young children with cochlear implants. Comparative post-operative measures were also obtained, including behavioral threshold levels, behavioral comfort levels, and the contralateral stapedius reflex threshold (ESR) on selected electrodes.

我们已经开发了一种程序来测量平均镫骨肌反射对电刺激(AESR)与人工耳蜗的反应。术中研究了12例儿童的同侧人工耳蜗刺激激活的AESR。将人工耳蜗植入耳蜗并由外科医生固定后,将肌电针电极轻轻置入镫骨肌。在人工耳蜗刺激期间,目视监测镫骨反射(VESR)和平均肌电反应(AESR)。12例患儿中有7例获得一致的aesr。这些措施提供了一种获得镫骨肌反应的方法,可能有助于幼儿植入人工耳蜗的规划。还获得了比较的术后测量,包括行为阈值水平、行为舒适度水平和对侧镫骨反射阈值(ESR)。
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引用次数: 0
Resonant frequency pattern in multifrequency tympanograms: results in normally-hearing subjects. 多频鼓室图的共振频率模式:听力正常受试者的结果。
Pub Date : 2000-05-01 DOI: 10.3109/00206090009073064
T Hocke, A Eiber, U Vorwerk, J Pethe, R Mühler, H von Specht, K Begall

This paper presents experimental data on the evaluation of middle ear resonances by multifrequency tympanometry. Multifrequency tympanograms (MFTs) of 18 normally-hearing subjects were recorded with a frequency resolution of 15 Hz. The fine structure found in the MFT patterns was compared with findings in literature. A first approach for the evaluation of this fine structure was made explaining the great variability of the main ossicular resonance frequencies described in previous publications. The consequence of the present investigation is that the concept of the main ossicular resonance has to be revised critically.

本文介绍了用多频测震法评价中耳共振的实验数据。记录18例听力正常受试者的多频鼓室图,频率分辨率为15 Hz。将MFT模式的精细结构与文献结果进行了比较。评估这种精细结构的第一种方法是解释在以前的出版物中描述的主要听骨共振频率的巨大变异性。本研究的结果是,主听骨共振的概念必须进行批判性的修订。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
Audiology : official organ of the International Society of Audiology
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