Beitrage zur gerichtlichen Medizin最新文献

In agreement with Canabis craniosynostosis as a little known organic partial factor of sociopathy is demonstrated. A psychic syndrome of the frontal lobe with increased susceptibility in environmental damages is assumed to be basic disorder. In the criminals of the material sexual offenders were preponderating. Associated craniofacial dysplasias are a risk for psychic maldevelopment. The importance of premature craniosynostocis as a biological risk factor, incidence, diagnostic, indication for an operation, also in the meaning of a neurosurgical "Konflikttherapie" (cosmetical indication) are discussed.

A screening system for 170 pesticides is reported. The following analytical methods are used: TLC (corrected Rf-value), GLC (retention index) and UV-spectroscopy. Also quantitative aspects are mentioned when modern TLC-scanners are applied.

From 138 gynaecological abrasiones appropriate histological preparations were chosen. Case history and pathological diagnosis were known. ABH and Lewis antigens were marked immunohistologically. According to our findings, in the endometrial glands the ABH antigen expression is highest in the proliferation phase and decreases within the secretion phase. The same hormonal dependency could be demonstrated for the Lea antigens present in the superficial epithelium of the endometrium. Exogen application of estrogens enhances ABH antigen marking, application of gestagens does not.

Unusual discovery of two corpses embedded in glacier ice in relation to glacier movement is discussed. As a matter of fact in such cases the scene of accident and the place of discovery after a long postmortem time is not the same. Knowing the time after death and the place of discovery it may be possible to ascertain the scene of accident and to draw conclusions on the proceedings of accident.

Of 91 unselected forensic autopsy cases then lateral muscles of both eyes were prepared in stepped sections and examined for microscopical haemorrhages. During autopsy we payed attention to macroscopical haemorrhages. Microscopical haemorrhages were found in 12 cases mainly in suffication processes as in two cases of fulminant pulmonary embolism. In five of the examined cases we also found macroscopical hemorrhage, mainly with strangulation. According to our results till now, haemorrhage in ocular muscles are seen in the process of aspyxia; if this is protracted as in manual strangulation or strangulation by ligature, macroscopical haemorrhage may occur.

In a retrospective study of all cases due to poisoning investigated by the Dresden Department of Forensic Medicine, over a twenty-six-year period between 1964 and 1989 were studied. Most of all cases were carbon monoxide or medicinal drug poisonings. Some interesting trends in the frequency distribution over the years have been highlighted.

Pilot studies have been carried out to check the importance of selected measures and measure combinations for the discrimination of the sex with the help of meceraled skeleton material the age and the sex of which are known, on the one hand, and of prehistoric skeleton material (the age and the sex of which had been determined previously), on the other hand. At the same time, discriminant functions were established for the selected individual measures and measure combinations. The first results are now available for skull caps, humeri, femora and pubic bones.

At the Reichstag of Regensburg the Constitutio Criminalis Carolina was declared empire law in 1532. This was the most important impulse for the development of the legal medicine in Germany as the courts now found themselves constrained to hear physicians, barber surgeons or midwives in cases of abortion, infanticidal, poisoning, murder or manslaughter. Article 147 was chiefly significant because it fixed that in killing crimes the cause of death had to be ascertained by versed medical persons. The consequences for the opinions of the medical experts in the 16th century were examined by evaluating court records from the municipal archives of Frankfurt am Main. It was found out that the medico-legal investigations in cases of killing crimes always were carried out by committees consisting of several barber surgeons. In difficult cases a physician, an academic educated medical person, joined the committee. In the trial the physicians and barber surgeons as experts were interrogated as witnesses and they based on examinations of the victim's lifetime, on autopsies and partial autopsies.

In order to extend the knowledge of possibility of action after blunt thoracic injuries 43 patients with largely isolated collar-bone fractures, rib and serial rib fractures as well as vertebral column fractures were questioned about their posttraumatic possibility of action. Essential result: In general, there is a close correlation between the acuteness of pain, the patient's judgment of severity of the injury and the extent of his ability to act during the first posttraumatic minutes. In the further course the ability to act was limited by the extent and the developmental speed of the hematothorax and/or pneumothorax, unless it was primarily limited or completely missing due to pain. Casualties having sustained collar-bone fractures were fully able to act except for a considerably diminished arm-swing. Patients with vertebral column fractures mostly remained lying at the place of accident for fear of a deterioration of the injury sustained and because of severe pain. The casualties' deliberate behavior was the predominant posttraumatic feature. In view of the various forms of rib and/or serial rib fractures with and without a hematothorax/pneumothorax there was a varying posttraumatic clinical picture ranging from freedom from pain to severe pain and non-restricted possibility of action to complete inability to act.

After administration of high-dose codeine we found that in two cases 20-40% of the total morphine-equivalents in the 24-hour urine sample were free morphine. After another 24 hours the proportion of free morphine was up to 70% and after roughly 96 hours even went up to 96%. Although 10% of the administered codeine was eliminated as morphine. In contrast to the values reported in literature we found that even with codeine/morphine ratios greater than 0.5 and morphine concentrations of up to 2000 ng/ml urine one cannot naturally conclude that morphine/diamorphine has been consumed. The short half-life of codeine in serum was 2-4 hours, the final half-life was 9-11 hours. In urine we found a short half-life of 1-6 hours as well as a long half-life of 7-12 hours. When diazepam was administered simultaneously with codeine the expected half-life in serum was up to 1.5 times and in urine 2.5 times. The codeine/morphine ratios were hardly affected so far as evidence goes which they give of preceding drug-intake.