Beitrage zur gerichtlichen Medizin最新文献

The enzyme systems aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH) and S-formylglutation dehydrogenase (FGH/ESD) were investigated in specimen of cadaveric liver and brain by semiquantitative adjusted starch gel electrophoresis. Two groups of autopsy cases were compaired 1. alcoholics with fatty liver and 2. nonalcoholics. In ALDH and FDH there were no differences between the examined groups. In about 48% of specimens of alcoholics were in a more or less degree alterations in phenotypes of ESD detectable in vitro experiments showed that ESD spots were modified and became less intensive in the presence of formaldehyde (0.5-2.5 mg/g). These alterations were more intensiv in the phenotyp ESD 1 then in the phenotyp ESD 2-1.

The fat content of the liver sinusoidal cells was examined partly systematically partly by selected case groups from 297 cases. While minor grades of lipid content within these cells was found nearly equally spread at all causes of death the most intensive fat accumulation was seen at cases of violent asphyxia.

The investigation of political motivated crimes and terrorist attacks requires also methods which include aspects of public relations. We present a simulation method which is useful for investigation of crimes and furthermore for giving evidence in court and also information to the public.

56 x 45 mm Rota-ammunition was introduced to meet the requirements of security personnel at prisons. The Austrian military assault rifle (StG 77) can be used for this ammunition. The bullet consists of an X-ray dense plastic material with a weight of 1.6 g. Therefore the kinetic energy of this projectile is lower than that of the standard ammunition, also on its flight it loses velocity at a higher rate. Thus, this bullet has the advantage of being less dangerous over long distances (500 m versus 2500 m or more) but still offers at short distances (fe 10 m) a reasonable capacity of incapacitation. Tests concerning ballistics, penetration and shooting at gelatine and soap targets were performed. By means of these tests we compared the wounding capacity of the standard ammunition (5.56 x 45 mm S-cartridge) and the investigated Rota-ammunition.

A data bank of forensic medicine is reported, which recreation is possible without any separate treatment. Informations available by computer-aided writing of autopsy-protocols are recorded automatically by a special programme. Coding is made by the SNOMED and METAS systems.

In the capacity of an initial study both, the pharmacocinetics as well as the metabolism of etorphine were investigated. In a self-trial a bolus of 8 micrograms tritium-marked etorphine as administered intravenously and subsequently the half-lives in serum and urine were determined. To achieve this, etorphine and etorphineclucuronide were separated via HPLC and then quantified by measuring the radioactivity. The development of the concentrations was devided into 3 phases. Within the first phase half-lives of etorphine and etorphineglucuronide were found in the range of 0.3-1 hour in serum and, likewise, in urine. During the second phase the estimated half-life of etorphineglucuronide was 160-260 hours in serum as well as in urine. Within the last phase half-lives in urine were 47 hours for etorphine and 41 hours for etorphineglucuronide while the calculation of the half-lives in serum was not sufficiently feasible.

Urine samples of 120 heroin-addicted probands who had to take part in urinanalysis tests were analysed during a 26 months' period. Up to 7 substances (morphine/diamorphie, codeine, cocain, LSD, cannabinoides, barbiturates and amphetamines) were tested. The results were compared to the results of a group of 177 cannabies-smokers. The purpose of this study was to find out in how far urinanalysis tests can change drug-consuming behaviour. More than 80% of the cannabis-smokers showed evidently a decrease of THC-positive urine samples at the end of the investigation period. Only about 13% had positive samples during the whole period. 12 out of 120 heroin-addicted probands (= 10%) had morphine-positive urine samples at the beginning of investigations. For 104 out of 1423 tested samples (46 probands) an unmistakable distinction between morphine/diamorphine- or codeine-intake was not possible because the concentrations found were too low. About 20% of the samples indicated a shift to a substitutional used drug like codeine. Further more a slightly significant increase of cannabis-intake was to be observed.

There are investigated the concentration of thyroglobulin, thyroxine and triiodthyronine in serum of heart blood from autopsies. The level of hormones depends from the reason of death. In comparison with values of healthy living individuals the postmortem concentrations of Tg, TT4 and TT3 are very different. Highered values of Tg were observed in cases of accident death, who died some days after the injuries. Thyroxin was higher in cases of hanging and TT3 in cases of hanging and unexpected natural death.

It is reported about two men with a stab wound to the back, who did not realize their injuries. In both cases the specific living circumstances are discussed as a reason of their perception-disorders.

Stabbing experiments with a single-edged blade on skin preparations taken from three regions of the body (anterior chest wall, abdominal walls, lumbar region) showed the following results: The most gaping stab wounds were found, as anticipated, if the blade was stabbed perpendicular to Langer's lines. If the blade entered parallel to these lines, which depend on the pattern of cutaneous fibres, narrow slit-like wounds were produced; the dimensions of wounds from stabs at an angle of 45 degrees were between the two extreme patterns. The length of the skin wounds in orthograde stabbing (without cutting movement) was greater in the abdominal region than in the chest and lumbar regions, but never reached the full width of the penetrated blade, not even after restoration (by approximating the edges of a gaping wound).