Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.5298/1081-5937-51.2.04
E. Peper, Singing Chen, Nicholas Heinz, Richard Harvey
Dysmenorrhea is one of the most common conditions experienced by women during menstruation. A recent systematic review and meta-analysis accounting for more than 20,000 women across 37 studies suggested that the prevalence of pain symptoms associated menstrual cramps is as high as 70%, accounting for economic, cultural, national, and educational factors. Although most treatment commonly focuses on pain relief with medication, self-medication strategies for menstrual cramps vary widely, commonly with unintended effects from misuse of self-medications. Whereas traditional herbal preparations, nutritional supplements, and other home remedies are used to address pain and discomfort symptoms, self-regulation strategies are nonmedication, nonsubstance use interventions to prevent and reduce discomfort. This article reports observations of self-regulation strategies used as part of a university class. In self-reported homework practice, 32 college women tried a set of self-regulation techniques that included holistic health techniques of (a) raising awareness of stress, (b) dynamic relaxation, and (c) slow diaphragmatic breathing with warming imagery. Students were asked to report anonymously on a variety of symptoms, which included menstrual cramps. In addition to any treatment as usual (TAU) strategies already being used (e.g., medications or other treatments), 91% (20 of 22 women) who reported menstrual cramps along with any other symptoms also reported a decrease in dysmenorrhea symptoms when they practiced the self-regulation and diaphragmatic breathing techniques. Discussed are possible mechanisms why a self-regulation approach could reduce discomfort in addition to TAU. In conclusion, an education approach that includes holistic health techniques should be taught to students, including women who may be relying on pain-reducing medications to reduce or prevent discomfort from menstrual cramps.
{"title":"WHAT ABOUT THIS?: Hope for Menstrual Cramps (Dysmenorrhea) with Breathing","authors":"E. Peper, Singing Chen, Nicholas Heinz, Richard Harvey","doi":"10.5298/1081-5937-51.2.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5298/1081-5937-51.2.04","url":null,"abstract":"Dysmenorrhea is one of the most common conditions experienced by women during menstruation. A recent systematic review and meta-analysis accounting for more than 20,000 women across 37 studies suggested that the prevalence of pain symptoms associated menstrual cramps is as high as 70%, accounting for economic, cultural, national, and educational factors. Although most treatment commonly focuses on pain relief with medication, self-medication strategies for menstrual cramps vary widely, commonly with unintended effects from misuse of self-medications. Whereas traditional herbal preparations, nutritional supplements, and other home remedies are used to address pain and discomfort symptoms, self-regulation strategies are nonmedication, nonsubstance use interventions to prevent and reduce discomfort. This article reports observations of self-regulation strategies used as part of a university class. In self-reported homework practice, 32 college women tried a set of self-regulation techniques that included holistic health techniques of (a) raising awareness of stress, (b) dynamic relaxation, and (c) slow diaphragmatic breathing with warming imagery. Students were asked to report anonymously on a variety of symptoms, which included menstrual cramps. In addition to any treatment as usual (TAU) strategies already being used (e.g., medications or other treatments), 91% (20 of 22 women) who reported menstrual cramps along with any other symptoms also reported a decrease in dysmenorrhea symptoms when they practiced the self-regulation and diaphragmatic breathing techniques. Discussed are possible mechanisms why a self-regulation approach could reduce discomfort in addition to TAU. In conclusion, an education approach that includes holistic health techniques should be taught to students, including women who may be relying on pain-reducing medications to reduce or prevent discomfort from menstrual cramps.","PeriodicalId":75596,"journal":{"name":"Biofeedback and self-regulation","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77683653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.5298/1081-5937-51.2.03
Sarah Jeffrey, Maya Roth, Brad Lichtenstein
Heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback therapy has been proven to be an efficacious treatment for panic disorder. In the case of a pregnant patient with a history of multiple miscarriages, the treatment was able to decrease the frequency of her panic attacks and allow her to avoid pharmaceuticals, which she did not want to take during pregnancy. This article will review treatment considerations for using HRV biofeedback therapy to manage anxiety related to pregnancy loss using a desensitization protocol.
{"title":"SPECIAL ISSUE: Resolution of Panic Attacks in a Patient with Recurrent Miscarriages Using Biofeedback Therapy: A Case Report","authors":"Sarah Jeffrey, Maya Roth, Brad Lichtenstein","doi":"10.5298/1081-5937-51.2.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5298/1081-5937-51.2.03","url":null,"abstract":"Heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback therapy has been proven to be an efficacious treatment for panic disorder. In the case of a pregnant patient with a history of multiple miscarriages, the treatment was able to decrease the frequency of her panic attacks and allow her to avoid pharmaceuticals, which she did not want to take during pregnancy. This article will review treatment considerations for using HRV biofeedback therapy to manage anxiety related to pregnancy loss using a desensitization protocol.","PeriodicalId":75596,"journal":{"name":"Biofeedback and self-regulation","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135095869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.5298/1081-5937-51.02.02
Kathleen Riley, Rollin McCraty
This exploratory study sought to determine if a shared group intention by members of a string quartet for two pieces of music would have an effect on themselves and audience members. An experimental design was implemented consisting of two interventions. The first intervention introduced a series of exercises focused on posture and biomechanical movements. The second intervention introduced HeartMath’s Quick Coherence and Heart Lock-In techniques. The Pachelbel Canon in D and Mozart Divertimenti in F K138 were chosen as the works to perform. For data collection, all participants (N = 12) were fitted with ambulatory Bodyguard heart rate variability (HRV) recorders. Qualitative data were collected with questionnaires, and videos recorded comments. All three sessions were video recorded. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to test within-subjects effects in baseline HRV measurements among three sessions. Audience participants (n = 8) and musician participants (n = 4) were analyzed as separate groups. Quantitative results showed a significant change in HRV among the musicians from baseline after the Heart Lock-In breathing technique was introduced. Qualitative results showed improved mental focus and feelings of connectivity among the musicians. Audience HRV data had a high level of artifact, and the results showed no significance. After the final performance, qualitative comments focused on the performances being more engaging and the musicians being more connected with each other.
{"title":"SPECIAL ISSUE: Exploring the Effects of Shared Heart-Focused Intention in Music Performance on Musicians and Audience Members","authors":"Kathleen Riley, Rollin McCraty","doi":"10.5298/1081-5937-51.02.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5298/1081-5937-51.02.02","url":null,"abstract":"This exploratory study sought to determine if a shared group intention by members of a string quartet for two pieces of music would have an effect on themselves and audience members. An experimental design was implemented consisting of two interventions. The first intervention introduced a series of exercises focused on posture and biomechanical movements. The second intervention introduced HeartMath’s Quick Coherence and Heart Lock-In techniques. The Pachelbel Canon in D and Mozart Divertimenti in F K138 were chosen as the works to perform. For data collection, all participants (N = 12) were fitted with ambulatory Bodyguard heart rate variability (HRV) recorders. Qualitative data were collected with questionnaires, and videos recorded comments. All three sessions were video recorded. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to test within-subjects effects in baseline HRV measurements among three sessions. Audience participants (n = 8) and musician participants (n = 4) were analyzed as separate groups. Quantitative results showed a significant change in HRV among the musicians from baseline after the Heart Lock-In breathing technique was introduced. Qualitative results showed improved mental focus and feelings of connectivity among the musicians. Audience HRV data had a high level of artifact, and the results showed no significance. After the final performance, qualitative comments focused on the performances being more engaging and the musicians being more connected with each other.","PeriodicalId":75596,"journal":{"name":"Biofeedback and self-regulation","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135095867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.5298/1081-5937-51.02.01
Nate L. Ewigman
Exposure therapy is an evidence-based psychotherapeutic technique for anxiety and related disorders. However, the dropout rate ranges from 10%–30%, and poor outcomes such as dropout are predicted by lower resting heart rate variability (HRV), which, in turn, predicts neural correlates of anxiety. Incorporating biofeedback into traditional exposure therapy has the potential to improve patient outcomes and experience through two protocols: (a) framing respiration and HRV biofeedback as a preparatory intervention for exposure therapy and (b) integrating selected biofeedback modalities into traditional exposure therapy sessions.
{"title":"SPECIAL ISSUE: Biofeedback-Integrated Exposure Therapy","authors":"Nate L. Ewigman","doi":"10.5298/1081-5937-51.02.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5298/1081-5937-51.02.01","url":null,"abstract":"Exposure therapy is an evidence-based psychotherapeutic technique for anxiety and related disorders. However, the dropout rate ranges from 10%–30%, and poor outcomes such as dropout are predicted by lower resting heart rate variability (HRV), which, in turn, predicts neural correlates of anxiety. Incorporating biofeedback into traditional exposure therapy has the potential to improve patient outcomes and experience through two protocols: (a) framing respiration and HRV biofeedback as a preparatory intervention for exposure therapy and (b) integrating selected biofeedback modalities into traditional exposure therapy sessions.","PeriodicalId":75596,"journal":{"name":"Biofeedback and self-regulation","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135095868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.5298/1081-5937-50.04.04
Kathleen L. Riley
For musicians, performance problems often go unnoticed and ignored. Many arise from overpractice and incorrect body alignment, especially in the arm, hand, and fingers. Problems manifest physiologically as muscle tension, bracing or constriction, and anxiety. Retraining with surface electromyography biofeedback and video helps identify elevations in muscle tension and incorrect body alignment. Work with biofeedback for stress reduction and neuromuscular reeducation in retraining increases self-awareness and provides feedback on practice of techniques to achieve proper tension and release of muscles, manage stress, and achieve optimal performance.
{"title":"SPECIAL ISSUE: A Student's Story of Self-Directed Work with Biofeedback for Optimal Performance","authors":"Kathleen L. Riley","doi":"10.5298/1081-5937-50.04.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5298/1081-5937-50.04.04","url":null,"abstract":"For musicians, performance problems often go unnoticed and ignored. Many arise from overpractice and incorrect body alignment, especially in the arm, hand, and fingers. Problems manifest physiologically as muscle tension, bracing or constriction, and anxiety. Retraining with surface electromyography biofeedback and video helps identify elevations in muscle tension and incorrect body alignment. Work with biofeedback for stress reduction and neuromuscular reeducation in retraining increases self-awareness and provides feedback on practice of techniques to achieve proper tension and release of muscles, manage stress, and achieve optimal performance.","PeriodicalId":75596,"journal":{"name":"Biofeedback and self-regulation","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84396762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.5298/1081-5937-51.1.03
Dana Wodtke
Editor's note: This Personal Experiences article is intended to give us a glimpse into the perspective of one individual and her experience with biofeedback and neurofeedback. This is not intended to offer conclusions, recommendations, or endorsements of any kind—just a glimpse of one person's experience with and ideas about biofeedback and neurofeedback. Part 1 of this article was published in Biofeedback, 46(4), pp. 97–98. In Part 1, Dana Wodtke told her story of being “sick for eight years with chronic fatigue syndrome/adrenal fatigue syndrome (CFS/AFS); fibromyalgia (FM); migraines averaging two to three days a week; inflammation that forced me to change careers; a 40-pound weight gain; a lot of neuroendocrine issues; hormone issues; cognitive issues; liver issues with reactions to all medications and supplements; severe tinnitus; and insomnia” (p. 97). Previously, she had been a yoga and dance teacher and had a full-time career as a neuromuscular massage therapist until problems started at age 45. When her primary care doctor suggested neurofeedback, she found Robert Ray, PhD, LPC, LAC. She continues her story here.
{"title":"PERSONAL EXPERIENCES: My Continuing Healing Journey with LENS","authors":"Dana Wodtke","doi":"10.5298/1081-5937-51.1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5298/1081-5937-51.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"Editor's note: This Personal Experiences article is intended to give us a glimpse into the perspective of one individual and her experience with biofeedback and neurofeedback. This is not intended to offer conclusions, recommendations, or endorsements of any kind—just a glimpse of one person's experience with and ideas about biofeedback and neurofeedback. Part 1 of this article was published in Biofeedback, 46(4), pp. 97–98.\u0000 In Part 1, Dana Wodtke told her story of being “sick for eight years with chronic fatigue syndrome/adrenal fatigue syndrome (CFS/AFS); fibromyalgia (FM); migraines averaging two to three days a week; inflammation that forced me to change careers; a 40-pound weight gain; a lot of neuroendocrine issues; hormone issues; cognitive issues; liver issues with reactions to all medications and supplements; severe tinnitus; and insomnia” (p. 97).\u0000 Previously, she had been a yoga and dance teacher and had a full-time career as a neuromuscular massage therapist until problems started at age 45. When her primary care doctor suggested neurofeedback, she found Robert Ray, PhD, LPC, LAC. She continues her story here.","PeriodicalId":75596,"journal":{"name":"Biofeedback and self-regulation","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83743475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.5298/1081-5937-51.01.02
Pamela Jertberg, E. Peper
The participant describes her experience with the year-long struggle with vulvodynia, or vulvar vestibulitis (chronic pain at the entrance to the vagina), focusing particularly on biofeedback techniques. Through an introspective analysis of her physical pain, surrounding environment, diet and supplements, and overall lifestyle, she identities factors that caused the pain to increase and decrease. She identifies six main catalysts for illness and nine main catalysts for relief, with an emphasis on biofeedback, meditation, visualization, and having a good holistic health coach. Through her written account of her personal experience with the syndrome, she offers a new perspective to provide hope and relief to other patients who suffer from vulvodynia, which is often misunderstood and underreported. Seven years later, she is still symptom free.
{"title":"SPECIAL ISSUE: The Healing of Vulvodynia from the Client's Perspective","authors":"Pamela Jertberg, E. Peper","doi":"10.5298/1081-5937-51.01.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5298/1081-5937-51.01.02","url":null,"abstract":"The participant describes her experience with the year-long struggle with vulvodynia, or vulvar vestibulitis (chronic pain at the entrance to the vagina), focusing particularly on biofeedback techniques. Through an introspective analysis of her physical pain, surrounding environment, diet and supplements, and overall lifestyle, she identities factors that caused the pain to increase and decrease. She identifies six main catalysts for illness and nine main catalysts for relief, with an emphasis on biofeedback, meditation, visualization, and having a good holistic health coach. Through her written account of her personal experience with the syndrome, she offers a new perspective to provide hope and relief to other patients who suffer from vulvodynia, which is often misunderstood and underreported. Seven years later, she is still symptom free.","PeriodicalId":75596,"journal":{"name":"Biofeedback and self-regulation","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79914551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.5298/1081-5937-51.01.01
Marcin Kopka
Several interventions used in treatment of depressive symptoms can enhance cardiovascular risk due to negative impacts on autonomic balance. Decreased vagal tone and/or excessive sympathetic nervous system activity have been noted in patients with depression. Heart rate variability biofeedback (HRV BFB) training may be able to reduce the cardiovascular risk for depressed patients by increasing the parasympathetic input to the heart. The results of published studies support that HRV BFB may be useful as an adjunctive treatment for patients with depression.
{"title":"RESEARCH ARTICLE: Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback in the Treatment of Depression","authors":"Marcin Kopka","doi":"10.5298/1081-5937-51.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5298/1081-5937-51.01.01","url":null,"abstract":"Several interventions used in treatment of depressive symptoms can enhance cardiovascular risk due to negative impacts on autonomic balance. Decreased vagal tone and/or excessive sympathetic nervous system activity have been noted in patients with depression. Heart rate variability biofeedback (HRV BFB) training may be able to reduce the cardiovascular risk for depressed patients by increasing the parasympathetic input to the heart. The results of published studies support that HRV BFB may be useful as an adjunctive treatment for patients with depression.","PeriodicalId":75596,"journal":{"name":"Biofeedback and self-regulation","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77494943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.5298/1081-5937-50.04.05
R. Gevirtz
Disorders of gut-brain interaction, previously called functional gastrointestinal disorders, are prevalent, disabling, expensive, and difficult to treat. In this review, I trace the available scientific knowledge on the pathophysiology of these disorders and describe how the proposed pathways are integrated into treatment approaches. A novel treatment approach, heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVB), is described, and outcome literature is reviewed. It is concluded that an approach such as HRVB offers benefits beyond more traditional treatment approaches.
{"title":"RESEARCH ARTICLE: Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback: Managing Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction by Improving Autonomic Homeostasis","authors":"R. Gevirtz","doi":"10.5298/1081-5937-50.04.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5298/1081-5937-50.04.05","url":null,"abstract":"Disorders of gut-brain interaction, previously called functional gastrointestinal disorders, are prevalent, disabling, expensive, and difficult to treat. In this review, I trace the available scientific knowledge on the pathophysiology of these disorders and describe how the proposed pathways are integrated into treatment approaches. A novel treatment approach, heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVB), is described, and outcome literature is reviewed. It is concluded that an approach such as HRVB offers benefits beyond more traditional treatment approaches.","PeriodicalId":75596,"journal":{"name":"Biofeedback and self-regulation","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72876584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.5298/1081-5937-50.04.02
J. Lubar
This paper reviews and highlights the numerous contributions over more than 50 years of Dr. Maurice Barry Sterman. Sterman was one of the founders of our field of neurofeedback (neuroregulation). He was responsible for the development of the use of sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) training for the treatment of epileptic seizures. He has published widely and presented his findings worldwide. It has been a privilege to know him as a colleague and a friend for more than five decades.
{"title":"SPECIAL ISSUE: In Honor of Maurice Barry Sterman","authors":"J. Lubar","doi":"10.5298/1081-5937-50.04.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5298/1081-5937-50.04.02","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reviews and highlights the numerous contributions over more than 50 years of Dr. Maurice Barry Sterman. Sterman was one of the founders of our field of neurofeedback (neuroregulation). He was responsible for the development of the use of sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) training for the treatment of epileptic seizures. He has published widely and presented his findings worldwide. It has been a privilege to know him as a colleague and a friend for more than five decades.","PeriodicalId":75596,"journal":{"name":"Biofeedback and self-regulation","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82076840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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