Boletin chileno de parasitologia最新文献

A study on gastrointestinal parasitism in wild chilean partridges (Nothoprocta perdicaria) in the Nuble province (Chile) determined that 75% of birds were infected. The species Capillaria caudinflata, Subulura suctoria, Aploparaksis tinamoui and oocysts of Eimeria sp. were observed.

A survey for intestinal parasites was performed on 38 individuals within the urban area of La Plata City (Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina). This community is composed of brick-factory workers who also live in the factory premises. An analysis for intestinal parasites was done on fecal samples collected serially and by means of anal swabs and thereafter preserved in formol solution. At the same time, the occurrence of the parasites under study as well as that of commensal organisms was investigated in water and soil samples within the factory environs. Information was also obtained from the members of this community as their age, sex, birthplace, and recent travels, either abroad or to the interior of Argentina. The prevalence of the pathogens and commensal parasites was 89.5%. The frequency of protozoans and helminths was: G. lamblia 26.3%, B. hominis 65.8%, A. lumbricoides 7.9%, H. nana 2.6%, Uncinaria sp. 7.9%, S. stercoralis 2.6% and E. vermicularis 42.1%. None of these parasite or commensal organisms were present in the water samples investigated. Four out of 20 soil samples analyzed contained parasitic elements: T. canis eggs (one), G. lamblia cysts (two) and A. lumbricoides eggs (one). These results indicated that most important factors causing such a high prevalence of coproparasites were the poor conditions of personal and community hygiene in combination with the frequent travels to the north and the northeast of the country, regions which are endemic parasitic areas. The implementation of programs on health education and communal sanitation would contribute in the control of this health problem.

A control program of Triatoma infestans has been carried out in Alto del Carmen, an endemic chagasic rural county in the III Region, Chile. The program started in 1988 with an attack phase consisting in a masshouse spraying with residual insecticide, followed by an entomological surveillance phase with health education for community participation and vector detection in eventually reinfested houses. A yearly evaluation in 1992, 1993, 1994 and 1995 was carried out in order to determine the effectiveness of vector control activities. In 1992, 24.1% of dwellings was infested, whereas in 1993, 1994 and 1995 the infestation rates were 3.9%, 2.8% and 4.0% respectively. The similar infestation rates found in 1993, 1994 and 1995 suggest passive dispersion of triatomas from areas without surveillance. Additionally, in 1994, 110 (16.0%) out of 688 examined people resulted serologically positive. It is noteworthy that all of the children in the 0-4 year age group--born after the attack phase--resulted serologically negative. This fact may indicate the interruption of vectorial transmission of Chagas' disease in Alto del Carmen county. It is concluded that the control activities performed in the county constitute good strategies to the Nacional Program of Control of T. infestans, but for the success of such a program it is necessary to integrate the efforts of all endemic areas with an active community participation.

The prevalence of intestinal parasites was studied in two urban neighborhoods with different socioeconomic conditions in La Plata, Argentina. Age, sex, and environmental factors were considered. One hundred and one hundred one children up to 14 years old were examined by coproparasitologic analysis. Giardia lamblia was the most frequent species. Overall prevalences (73.0% and 54.4%), frequencies of polyparasitism (45.0% and 14.8%), and prevalences of helminthic infection (48.0% and 12.7%) were highest in the population having significantly inferior sanitary and environmental conditions. A correlation with age was observed. It is necessary to apply management practices for the control of enteroparasitoses, in accordance with the corresponding characteristics of the environmental and sociocultural ecosistem.

Between 1993 and 1994, 129 specimens of Basilichthys australis from Lake Riñihue (39 degrees 50 minutes S; 72 degrees 20 minutes W) in the south of Chile were examined, in order to determine the prevalence and mean intensity of infections by Diplostomum mordax and Tylodelphys destructor metacercariae in the brain of fishes. Prevalence and mean intensity of D. mordax and mean intensity of T. destructor not showed seasonal significant differences. Prevalence of T. destructor was higher in summer than in winter, spring and autumn. No association between intensity of infection by D. mordax and T. destructor and body condition of the host was observed.

During 1987, diaphragms of 24 domestic cats from the city of Valdivia, Chile, were examined. In one (3.7%) cat infection by cysts of Sarcocystis sp. was observed. This is the first report of feline muscular infection by Sarcocystis sp. in Chile.

A new species of a cestode, belonging to genus Phyllobothrium, obtained from spiral valve of the intestine of the elasmobranch Rhinoptera javanica is described. It shows remarkable differences from other known species of Phyllobothrium in having big scolex, bifurced and sessile nature of bothridia, testes number and nature of proglottids. The new species is designated as Phyllobothrium rhinoptera.