Pub Date : 2017-02-22DOI: 10.1163/9789004333390_011
L. Marks
In this paper I concentrate on the attitudes of the medical profession towards women’s bodies and predominantly the high-dosage pill in the years 1950-1970. (excerpt)
{"title":"'Andromeda freed from her chains': attitudes towards women and the oral contraceptive pill, 1950-1970.","authors":"L. Marks","doi":"10.1163/9789004333390_011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004333390_011","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper I concentrate on the attitudes of the medical profession towards women’s bodies and predominantly the high-dosage pill in the years 1950-1970. (excerpt)","PeriodicalId":75720,"journal":{"name":"Clio medica (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"61 1","pages":"217-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46943636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marion Baschin, Elisabeth Dietrich-Daum, Iris Ritzmann
How can these finings be interpreted in conclusion? Analysis has revealed firstly that, depending on the chosen period, the socio-geographical situation and the profile of the individual doctor's practice, the clientele varied widely in terms of gender, age and social rank. The consultation behaviour of men and women changed noticeably. Findings overall suggest that up until t8o the gender distribution varied in the individual practices. There was a trend for women to be overrepresented in urban practices during the earlier period. But in general, from the mid-nineteenth century they predominated - in towns as well as in the country in allopathic as well as homeopathic practices. The absence of children, which was bemoaned by many physicians, did not apply to the practices under investigation. On the contrary: the percentage is consistently high while older patients remained underrepresented right up until the end of the period under investigation, even though their proportion increased in the individual practices during the course of the nineteenth century In each of the nineteenth century practices investigated - and increasingly among the lower and middle classes - the physicians' services were used by several members of the same family. We have found no evidence to support the thesis that up until the nineteenth century academic physicians were mainly consulted by aristocratic or wealthy bourgeois patients. The theory probably applies only to early modern urban doctors. In the practices examined here, from the middle of the eighteenth century, patients from all social strata went to consult physicians. The participation of members of the lower classes or from an artisanal, (proto) industrial or agricultural background clearly increased over time 'despite ubiquitous economic and cultural barriers. That the annual numbers of consultations per physician increased - despite the growing number of physicians available - suggests that for economically disadvantaged social groups also, the consultation of learned physicians became more common: in towns from the first half of the nineteenth century and in the country from the middle of the century. In addition, the individual findings reveal that, prior to the introduction of statutory health insurance for salaried persons, patients of more secure social standing consulted a physician considerably more frequently in the course of the year than lower class patients. While the patient structure clearly changed around 1800, the relationship between physician and patient continued without major changes from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century. The therapeutic encounter up until the end of the investigated period can be summarized as a negotiation process. Patients were discerning in their choice of healer and did not refrain from using rival services. They sought help for unpleasant symptoms such as indigestion, pain or fever, and only rarely in cases of emergency Therapy was decided on after
{"title":"Doctors and Their Patients in the Seventeenth to Nineteenth Centuries.","authors":"Marion Baschin, Elisabeth Dietrich-Daum, Iris Ritzmann","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>How can these finings be interpreted in conclusion? Analysis has revealed firstly that, depending on the chosen period, the socio-geographical situation and the profile of the individual doctor's practice, the clientele varied widely in terms of gender, age and social rank. The consultation behaviour of men and women changed noticeably. Findings overall suggest that up until t8o the gender distribution varied in the individual practices. There was a trend for women to be overrepresented in urban practices during the earlier period. But in general, from the mid-nineteenth century they predominated - in towns as well as in the country in allopathic as well as homeopathic practices. The absence of children, which was bemoaned by many physicians, did not apply to the practices under investigation. On the contrary: the percentage is consistently high while older patients remained underrepresented right up until the end of the period under investigation, even though their proportion increased in the individual practices during the course of the nineteenth century In each of the nineteenth century practices investigated - and increasingly among the lower and middle classes - the physicians' services were used by several members of the same family. We have found no evidence to support the thesis that up until the nineteenth century academic physicians were mainly consulted by aristocratic or wealthy bourgeois patients. The theory probably applies only to early modern urban doctors. In the practices examined here, from the middle of the eighteenth century, patients from all social strata went to consult physicians. The participation of members of the lower classes or from an artisanal, (proto) industrial or agricultural background clearly increased over time 'despite ubiquitous economic and cultural barriers. That the annual numbers of consultations per physician increased - despite the growing number of physicians available - suggests that for economically disadvantaged social groups also, the consultation of learned physicians became more common: in towns from the first half of the nineteenth century and in the country from the middle of the century. In addition, the individual findings reveal that, prior to the introduction of statutory health insurance for salaried persons, patients of more secure social standing consulted a physician considerably more frequently in the course of the year than lower class patients. While the patient structure clearly changed around 1800, the relationship between physician and patient continued without major changes from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century. The therapeutic encounter up until the end of the investigated period can be summarized as a negotiation process. Patients were discerning in their choice of healer and did not refrain from using rival services. They sought help for unpleasant symptoms such as indigestion, pain or fever, and only rarely in cases of emergency Therapy was decided on after ","PeriodicalId":75720,"journal":{"name":"Clio medica (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"96 ","pages":"39-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34507597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1163/9789004303324_005
Philipp Klaas, Hubert Steinke, Alois Unterkircher
During the night of 6 December 1826, Franziska Gross, a midwife in the Austrian town of Innsbruck, was called to a heavily pregnant woman who had just gone into labour. When the woman, after suffering severe convulsions, lost consciousness the midwife sent two messengers to the nearby physician. But because ‘there was no bell’,1 the attempt to find immediate help in the middle of the night failed. Driven by despair, the two messengers hurried on to the nearby military hospital where they were given tea and ointment for the dangerously ill woman. She died in the evening of the following day. This example of a failure to establish contact between a physician and a patient or her relatives, tragic as it was, holds important clues as to how physicians organized their availability outside the usual practice hours. Ringing the night-bell should have woken the doctor. The search for medical help often ended outside the physician’s house, however, as in the case above, when there was no bell, when no bell could be found or when the residents could not be aroused from their deep sleep. The physician, on the other hand, could not – when packing his instrument bag and saddling his horse – be sure that he would still find an acute case of emergency at the house he was led to by the messenger that the distraught relatives had sent. In many cases medical intervention had become obsolete after the many hours taken to travel to some remote village. On 26 October 1889 the South Tyrolean country physician Franz von Ottenthal arrived in a farmhouse in Luttach in the Ahrn Valley, a village, which had 400 inhabitants at the time. He went there every day to see a 73-year-old man who had, for
{"title":"Daily Business: The Organization and Finances of Doctors' Practices.","authors":"Philipp Klaas, Hubert Steinke, Alois Unterkircher","doi":"10.1163/9789004303324_005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004303324_005","url":null,"abstract":"During the night of 6 December 1826, Franziska Gross, a midwife in the Austrian town of Innsbruck, was called to a heavily pregnant woman who had just gone into labour. When the woman, after suffering severe convulsions, lost consciousness the midwife sent two messengers to the nearby physician. But because ‘there was no bell’,1 the attempt to find immediate help in the middle of the night failed. Driven by despair, the two messengers hurried on to the nearby military hospital where they were given tea and ointment for the dangerously ill woman. She died in the evening of the following day. This example of a failure to establish contact between a physician and a patient or her relatives, tragic as it was, holds important clues as to how physicians organized their availability outside the usual practice hours. Ringing the night-bell should have woken the doctor. The search for medical help often ended outside the physician’s house, however, as in the case above, when there was no bell, when no bell could be found or when the residents could not be aroused from their deep sleep. The physician, on the other hand, could not – when packing his instrument bag and saddling his horse – be sure that he would still find an acute case of emergency at the house he was led to by the messenger that the distraught relatives had sent. In many cases medical intervention had become obsolete after the many hours taken to travel to some remote village. On 26 October 1889 the South Tyrolean country physician Franz von Ottenthal arrived in a farmhouse in Luttach in the Ahrn Valley, a village, which had 400 inhabitants at the time. He went there every day to see a 73-year-old man who had, for","PeriodicalId":75720,"journal":{"name":"Clio medica (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"96 ","pages":"71-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34507598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1163/9789004303324_009
A. Kinzelbach, S. Grosser, Kay Peter Jankrift, M. Ruisinger
{"title":"Observationes et Curationes Nurimbergenses: The Medical Practice of Johann Christoph Götz (1688-1733).","authors":"A. Kinzelbach, S. Grosser, Kay Peter Jankrift, M. Ruisinger","doi":"10.1163/9789004303324_009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004303324_009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75720,"journal":{"name":"Clio medica (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"6 1","pages":"169-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64524868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1163/9789004303324_011
Stephanie Neuner, Karen Nolte
{"title":"Medical Bedside Training and Healthcare for the Poor in the Würzburg and Göttingen Policlinics in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century.","authors":"Stephanie Neuner, Karen Nolte","doi":"10.1163/9789004303324_011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004303324_011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75720,"journal":{"name":"Clio medica (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"96 ","pages":"207-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34507604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1163/9789004286719_005
J. Steigerwald
What was being studied in galvanic experiments, among its simple chains of frog legs and metals? Galvanic experiments promised a new technique for investigating the phenomena of muscular contraction, and the respective roles of nerves and muscle fibers and the action of stimuli in effecting contractions. Organic parts, frog legs capable of reacting to stimuli, were also used as sensi tive instruments for detecting weak forms of electricity. But galvanic experi ments seemed also to indicate new forms of electricity, an electricity generated in organic material or through metallic contact, that appeared to be related to and yet distinct from the artificial electricity generated by electrical machines and atmospheric electricity. Galvanic experiments were also productive of chemical changes in organic parts and metals, and thus suggestive of relations between chemistry, electricity and organic processes. Finally, they promised medical applications, as a new useful instrument for the treatments of cer tain ailments and for distinguishing merely apparent from actual death. But because galvanic experiments intersected with such a variety of phenomena and interests, it was not always clear in these experiments what was being studied. In galvanic experiments, what constituted the phenomena being investigated, what was the apparatus generative of the phenomena, and what was the instru ment reading the phenomena? This entanglement of phenomena, apparatus and instruments was at the centre of investigations of galvanic experiments in German settings. Reports of Luigi Galvani’s remarkable experiments in German periodicals from 1792 framed them in the terms of Galvani’s dispute with Alessandro Volta, and the question of whether Galvani’s experiments had disclosed a new form of elec tricity, animal electricity, or whether the frog legs used in the experiments were
{"title":"The Subject as Instrument: Galvanic Experiments, Organic Apparatus and Problems of Calibration.","authors":"J. Steigerwald","doi":"10.1163/9789004286719_005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004286719_005","url":null,"abstract":"What was being studied in galvanic experiments, among its simple chains of frog legs and metals? Galvanic experiments promised a new technique for investigating the phenomena of muscular contraction, and the respective roles of nerves and muscle fibers and the action of stimuli in effecting contractions. Organic parts, frog legs capable of reacting to stimuli, were also used as sensi tive instruments for detecting weak forms of electricity. But galvanic experi ments seemed also to indicate new forms of electricity, an electricity generated in organic material or through metallic contact, that appeared to be related to and yet distinct from the artificial electricity generated by electrical machines and atmospheric electricity. Galvanic experiments were also productive of chemical changes in organic parts and metals, and thus suggestive of relations between chemistry, electricity and organic processes. Finally, they promised medical applications, as a new useful instrument for the treatments of cer tain ailments and for distinguishing merely apparent from actual death. But because galvanic experiments intersected with such a variety of phenomena and interests, it was not always clear in these experiments what was being studied. In galvanic experiments, what constituted the phenomena being investigated, what was the apparatus generative of the phenomena, and what was the instru ment reading the phenomena? This entanglement of phenomena, apparatus and instruments was at the centre of investigations of galvanic experiments in German settings. Reports of Luigi Galvani’s remarkable experiments in German periodicals from 1792 framed them in the terms of Galvani’s dispute with Alessandro Volta, and the question of whether Galvani’s experiments had disclosed a new form of elec tricity, animal electricity, or whether the frog legs used in the experiments were","PeriodicalId":75720,"journal":{"name":"Clio medica (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"95 1","pages":"80-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64521154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1163/9789004303324_003
V. Hess, Sabine Schlegelmilch
{"title":"Cornucopia Officinae Medicae: Medical Practice Records and Their Origin.","authors":"V. Hess, Sabine Schlegelmilch","doi":"10.1163/9789004303324_003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004303324_003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75720,"journal":{"name":"Clio medica (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"96 1","pages":"11-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64524264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1163/9789004303324_004
M. Baschin, E. Dietrich-Daum, I. Ritzmann
How can these finings be interpreted in conclusion? Analysis has revealed firstly that, depending on the chosen period, the socio-geographical situation and the profile of the individual doctor's practice, the clientele varied widely in terms of gender, age and social rank. The consultation behaviour of men and women changed noticeably. Findings overall suggest that up until t8o the gender distribution varied in the individual practices. There was a trend for women to be overrepresented in urban practices during the earlier period. But in general, from the mid-nineteenth century they predominated - in towns as well as in the country in allopathic as well as homeopathic practices. The absence of children, which was bemoaned by many physicians, did not apply to the practices under investigation. On the contrary: the percentage is consistently high while older patients remained underrepresented right up until the end of the period under investigation, even though their proportion increased in the individual practices during the course of the nineteenth century In each of the nineteenth century practices investigated - and increasingly among the lower and middle classes - the physicians' services were used by several members of the same family. We have found no evidence to support the thesis that up until the nineteenth century academic physicians were mainly consulted by aristocratic or wealthy bourgeois patients. The theory probably applies only to early modern urban doctors. In the practices examined here, from the middle of the eighteenth century, patients from all social strata went to consult physicians. The participation of members of the lower classes or from an artisanal, (proto) industrial or agricultural background clearly increased over time 'despite ubiquitous economic and cultural barriers. That the annual numbers of consultations per physician increased - despite the growing number of physicians available - suggests that for economically disadvantaged social groups also, the consultation of learned physicians became more common: in towns from the first half of the nineteenth century and in the country from the middle of the century. In addition, the individual findings reveal that, prior to the introduction of statutory health insurance for salaried persons, patients of more secure social standing consulted a physician considerably more frequently in the course of the year than lower class patients. While the patient structure clearly changed around 1800, the relationship between physician and patient continued without major changes from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century. The therapeutic encounter up until the end of the investigated period can be summarized as a negotiation process. Patients were discerning in their choice of healer and did not refrain from using rival services. They sought help for unpleasant symptoms such as indigestion, pain or fever, and only rarely in cases of emergency Therapy was decided on after an exc
{"title":"Doctors and Their Patients in the Seventeenth to Nineteenth Centuries.","authors":"M. Baschin, E. Dietrich-Daum, I. Ritzmann","doi":"10.1163/9789004303324_004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004303324_004","url":null,"abstract":"How can these finings be interpreted in conclusion? Analysis has revealed firstly that, depending on the chosen period, the socio-geographical situation and the profile of the individual doctor's practice, the clientele varied widely in terms of gender, age and social rank. The consultation behaviour of men and women changed noticeably. Findings overall suggest that up until t8o the gender distribution varied in the individual practices. There was a trend for women to be overrepresented in urban practices during the earlier period. But in general, from the mid-nineteenth century they predominated - in towns as well as in the country in allopathic as well as homeopathic practices. The absence of children, which was bemoaned by many physicians, did not apply to the practices under investigation. On the contrary: the percentage is consistently high while older patients remained underrepresented right up until the end of the period under investigation, even though their proportion increased in the individual practices during the course of the nineteenth century In each of the nineteenth century practices investigated - and increasingly among the lower and middle classes - the physicians' services were used by several members of the same family. We have found no evidence to support the thesis that up until the nineteenth century academic physicians were mainly consulted by aristocratic or wealthy bourgeois patients. The theory probably applies only to early modern urban doctors. In the practices examined here, from the middle of the eighteenth century, patients from all social strata went to consult physicians. The participation of members of the lower classes or from an artisanal, (proto) industrial or agricultural background clearly increased over time 'despite ubiquitous economic and cultural barriers. That the annual numbers of consultations per physician increased - despite the growing number of physicians available - suggests that for economically disadvantaged social groups also, the consultation of learned physicians became more common: in towns from the first half of the nineteenth century and in the country from the middle of the century. In addition, the individual findings reveal that, prior to the introduction of statutory health insurance for salaried persons, patients of more secure social standing consulted a physician considerably more frequently in the course of the year than lower class patients. While the patient structure clearly changed around 1800, the relationship between physician and patient continued without major changes from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century. The therapeutic encounter up until the end of the investigated period can be summarized as a negotiation process. Patients were discerning in their choice of healer and did not refrain from using rival services. They sought help for unpleasant symptoms such as indigestion, pain or fever, and only rarely in cases of emergency Therapy was decided on after an exc","PeriodicalId":75720,"journal":{"name":"Clio medica (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"96 1","pages":"39-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64524371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elisabeth Dietrich-Daum, Marina Hilber, Eberhard Wolff
{"title":"Franz von Ottenthal: Local Integration of an Alpine Doctor's Private Practice (1847-1899).","authors":"Elisabeth Dietrich-Daum, Marina Hilber, Eberhard Wolff","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75720,"journal":{"name":"Clio medica (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"96 ","pages":"271-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34507607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1163/9789004286719_011
Paul Weindling
{"title":"Nazi Human Experiments: The Victims’ Perspective and the Post-Second World War Discourse.","authors":"Paul Weindling","doi":"10.1163/9789004286719_011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004286719_011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75720,"journal":{"name":"Clio medica (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"95 ","pages":"240-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35766021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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