{"title":"Post-traumatic respiratory failure: role of fluid therapy.","authors":"G H Rodman, R R Kirby","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75737,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary anesthesia practice","volume":"6 ","pages":"119-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17398313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Isoflurane: its place in anesthesia.","authors":"E I Eger","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75737,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary anesthesia practice","volume":"7 ","pages":"113-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17934123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As a preanesthetic medication, lorazepam is available for oral, intravenous, or intramuscular administration. A parenteral dose of 0.04 to 0.06 mg per kg has been shown to be most effective as a preanesthetic medication in terms of antianxiety and antirecall effect (Table 1). Lorazepam has as its predominant advantage over other benzodiazepines the ability to produce anterograde amnesia reliably and for a relatively long duration. From an anesthesia standpoint, the drug finds its major usage as a premedicant or adjuvant (administered in the peri-induction period) to minimize the possibility of recall of unpleasant events during anesthesia and surgery. This is especially germane in patients who are unable to tolerate a sufficient depth of anesthesia to provide this amnesic effect on the basis of anesthetic agent alone. Quite often these patients are critically ill, and from a physiologic standpoint, their cardiovascular systems are unable to tolerate or adapt to moderate to deep anesthetic concentrations of the inhalation anesthetic agents. Even though the metabolic products of lorazepam are not active, the duration of action of this drug dictates that it not be used in the outpatient setting. Indeed, the drug probably should not be used in patients whose expected hospital stay is less than 72 hours. It appears that thrombosis or phlebitis after intravenous injection of lorazepam is less than with diazepam, especially if the drug is injected in small hand or arm veins. Most side effects of lorazepam are associated with central nervous system depression, are dose-related, and fairly predictable. Adverse central nervous system effects may be reversed by administration of physostigmine, but it is worthwhile to note that the duration of action of physostigmine, and repeated administration of physostigmine may be necessary. Lorazepam appears to be acceptable to both physicians and patients. There do not appear to be any obvious adverse interactions between lorazepam and other medications commonly used in anesthesia practice. Nevertheless, it appears that the major value of lorazepam to the anesthesiologist's armamentarium is its ability to prevent recall in appropriate situations.
{"title":"Clinical pharmacology of lorazepam.","authors":"C D Blitt","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As a preanesthetic medication, lorazepam is available for oral, intravenous, or intramuscular administration. A parenteral dose of 0.04 to 0.06 mg per kg has been shown to be most effective as a preanesthetic medication in terms of antianxiety and antirecall effect (Table 1). Lorazepam has as its predominant advantage over other benzodiazepines the ability to produce anterograde amnesia reliably and for a relatively long duration. From an anesthesia standpoint, the drug finds its major usage as a premedicant or adjuvant (administered in the peri-induction period) to minimize the possibility of recall of unpleasant events during anesthesia and surgery. This is especially germane in patients who are unable to tolerate a sufficient depth of anesthesia to provide this amnesic effect on the basis of anesthetic agent alone. Quite often these patients are critically ill, and from a physiologic standpoint, their cardiovascular systems are unable to tolerate or adapt to moderate to deep anesthetic concentrations of the inhalation anesthetic agents. Even though the metabolic products of lorazepam are not active, the duration of action of this drug dictates that it not be used in the outpatient setting. Indeed, the drug probably should not be used in patients whose expected hospital stay is less than 72 hours. It appears that thrombosis or phlebitis after intravenous injection of lorazepam is less than with diazepam, especially if the drug is injected in small hand or arm veins. Most side effects of lorazepam are associated with central nervous system depression, are dose-related, and fairly predictable. Adverse central nervous system effects may be reversed by administration of physostigmine, but it is worthwhile to note that the duration of action of physostigmine, and repeated administration of physostigmine may be necessary. Lorazepam appears to be acceptable to both physicians and patients. There do not appear to be any obvious adverse interactions between lorazepam and other medications commonly used in anesthesia practice. Nevertheless, it appears that the major value of lorazepam to the anesthesiologist's armamentarium is its ability to prevent recall in appropriate situations.</p>","PeriodicalId":75737,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary anesthesia practice","volume":"7 ","pages":"135-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17202492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"History of sequestered edema associated with surgical operations and trauma.","authors":"M T Jenkins","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75737,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary anesthesia practice","volume":"6 ","pages":"1-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17398311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pharmacology of etomidate.","authors":"W S Nimmo, M Miller","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75737,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary anesthesia practice","volume":"7 ","pages":"83-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17934127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Beta adrenergic antagonists are a complex group of agents. The profusion of newer agents will allow us to discover nuances of difference between them, but that will be a future development. Currently, our concerns should be obtaining extensive experience with propranolol, controlling intraoperative and postoperative tachycardia; using beta blockade as adjunctive therapy during vasodilator administration; using beta blockade as part of "balanced" anesthesia, especially in patients with coronary artery disease; and learning sophisticated ways of preoperatively and intraoperatively evaluating hemodynamics so as to be able to decide when and how to best utilize the drugs. Beta agonists recently introduced include dopamine and dobutamine. Differences and similarities are numerous. Overriding in adults, at least, may be the ability of dopamine to stimulate renal dopaminergic receptors to increase renal blood flow.
{"title":"Beta-adrenergic agonists and antagonists.","authors":"J H Tinker","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Beta adrenergic antagonists are a complex group of agents. The profusion of newer agents will allow us to discover nuances of difference between them, but that will be a future development. Currently, our concerns should be obtaining extensive experience with propranolol, controlling intraoperative and postoperative tachycardia; using beta blockade as adjunctive therapy during vasodilator administration; using beta blockade as part of \"balanced\" anesthesia, especially in patients with coronary artery disease; and learning sophisticated ways of preoperatively and intraoperatively evaluating hemodynamics so as to be able to decide when and how to best utilize the drugs. Beta agonists recently introduced include dopamine and dobutamine. Differences and similarities are numerous. Overriding in adults, at least, may be the ability of dopamine to stimulate renal dopaminergic receptors to increase renal blood flow.</p>","PeriodicalId":75737,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary anesthesia practice","volume":"7 ","pages":"97-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17203157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Role of colloid osmotic pressure in shock resuscitation.","authors":"R E Drake, J C Gabel","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75737,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary anesthesia practice","volume":"6 ","pages":"101-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17398312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Midazolam.","authors":"J G Reves, P N Samuelson, H R Vinik","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75737,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary anesthesia practice","volume":"7 ","pages":"147-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17934124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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