Fiziologicheskii zhurnal SSSR imeni I. M. Sechenova最新文献

Structural sex-depended differences were revealed in 7 out of 10 hypothalamic paraventricular nuclei under study in DB/DB C57 BL-K56 mice. Sex-dependent differences were also found in the responses to diabetes mellitus in 6 of these nuclei. The data obtained seem to corroborate the sex dependence of the paraventricular-vagal neuronal system involved in the control of carbohydrate homeostasis.

The "vagal" neurons of the solitary tract nucleus responded to stimulation of anterior and posterior hypothalamus in 78.7 and 27.6 per cent, resp., the responses being mainly of the activation type. The descending effect from the hypothalamus involved primary as well as secondary "vagal" neurons. The responses were of mono-, oligo- and polysynaptic nature.

The effect of exogenous peptides (angiotensin II, neurotensin, thyroliberin, pentagastrin, cholecystokinin, insulin) on the motor and myoelectrical activity of the sea fish digestive tract and their food behaviour was found to depend on the technique of administration and the fish species. Some peptides could change the intensity of consumption in forage fish. Specific receptors for peptides seem to exist in the fish.

A major part of the ventromedial hypothalamus and the solitary tract nucleus in realisation of the thalamic effects on the heart, was revealed in rabbits. The polychemosensitive organisation of the thalamic neurons prompts specific functional shifts in the myocardium.

Growing rats were shown to have the maximum of respiratory and ATP-synthetase activities in the duodenum and proximal part of the small intestine, the minimum--in its distal part, whereas the medial part of the intestinal tube was in intermediate position. These parameters were equally distributed along the small intestine in adult rats. In old rats, the highest rate of oxygen consumption was revealed in the mitochondria of the medial part, the lower one--in the proximal part, and the lowest level was found in the duodenum and in distal part of the small intestine.

Literature references and author's own results on the role of the pancreatic secret in the intestinal phase of pancreatic secretion, are reviewed. Particular attention was paid to formation of correcting effects of the duodenum upon pancreatic secretion in respect to the ratio of solubilised and absorbed pancreatic enzymes, enzymes, substrates and the products of their hydrolysis in the duodenal chyme.

The paper reviews works by the author and his colleagues on the problem of pathogenesis of ulcer formation within the gastroduodenal area. The stomach enzymes active in weakly acid pH zone 4.0-7.0, were shown to play a major part in the mechanisms of ulcer formation. These enzymes are of lysosomal origin and the ulcer formation starts within the mucous-submucous layer's tissues. Destabilizing of the lysosomes and release of autoaggressive lysosomal enzymes occurs under the effect of excessive production of the biogenic amines histamine and serotonin. Adrenal hormones are also involved in the process of ulcer formation.

A wide range of digestive enzymes with different cellular location (membrane, intracellular, Lysosomal) was determined in gastrointestinal organs (stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon) as well as in undigestive organs (liver, kidney, spleen) in normal conditions and in altered functional states (fasting, refeeding). High levels of peptidase activity was noted in undigestive organs and the colon as compared to that in the small intestine. Adaptive responses were (revealed not only for a number of membrane enzymes but also for intracellular ones including those in undigestive organs.