A number of physicochemical factors of the endogenous regulatory oligopeptides are considered to be the basis of their general functional properties as indicated by the phenomena of cascade regulation, morphogenesis, behaviour and biological evolution. Functional characteristics and chemical features of classical transmitters and, probably, other endogenous substances allow to consider them as the integrity of endogenous molecular regulators.
The substance P was shown to be able to increase the level of histamine-induced stomach secretion and the debit of free hydrochloric acid in dogs. This peptide increases the volume velocity of the choleresis and the content of bile acids and protein in the bile. The substance P alters the range of the bile acids as well.
A single action of cold, heat and malnutrition prompts an early transition of the digestive-transport system from juvenile to adult type. Repeated actions of these factors decrease the hydrolytic-transporting function of the digestive tract, the decrease being age-dependent.
Significant species differences were found in the activity of some enzymes realising the processes of membrane digestion in elasmobranchs, Chondrostei and teleosts. Similar differences were found in desorption characteristics of the membrane hydrolases suggesting different localisation of the enzymes on the structures of the enterocyte brush border in different species of fish.
Viola tricolor, Frigonella foenum-graecum, Laurus nobilis were shown to reduce the glucose transport. The same was true for extract of tea leaves. Fructose did not affect the velocity of free glucose absorption, slightly reduced the velocity of sucrose hydrolysis and absorption of produced hexoses and water. Participation of active transport of carbohydrates in absorption processes occurring both in vitro and in vivo, is discussed.
In space flights of various duration, the gastropancreatic complex turned out to be the most liable part of the digestive system. The main changes occurring in the gastrointestinal tract involve an increase in the peptic gastric potential, pancreatic hyperenzymemia, change of the glycemic curve forms, a decrease in the liver and pancreas density.
Using casein hydrolysates and the amino-acid mixture applied to mucosal or serosal surfaces, their effect on the transport of free glycine, glycine formed during glycyl glycine hydrolysis, and galactose, was studied in the small intestine. The data obtained suggest a mechanism of peptide transport in the enterocytes as well as a possibility of a regulatory effect of the peptides contained in casein hydrolysates on the transport of some basic nutrients.
Motivational-emotiogenic systems of the brain were shown to take part in regulation of specific appetite. The taste seems to be not only the control means determining the acceptability of food but a link of the motivational-emotional system as well. The taste aversions seem to play a permanent role in organisation of the feeding behaviour.
Administration of hydrocortisone increased the sucrase and amylolytic activities in the brush border of the enterocytes along the intestinal villus and decreased the maltase activity in fed chicken. Hydrocortisone does not affect the level of maltase activity in food-deprived chicks.
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