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Application on Timm sulphide silver method for electron microscope localization of lead ions in blood cells. 硫化银法在血细胞中铅离子电镜定位中的应用。
H Grzybek, W Sliwa-Tomczok, J Tomczok

The application of the Timm sulphide silver method for the demonstration of lead ions in peripheral blood cells is investigated, using male white adult Wistar rats treated with a single dose of lead acetate, range 150 mg/kg b.w. To improve the Timm reaction for electron microscopy, fixation of whole cells with glutaraldehyde fixative solution saturated with H2S, an agarose embedding and physical development of thick sections without prior cryostat sectioning are presented. At 6.0 hours after injection both erythrocytes as well as white cells reveal the positive Timm reaction. All types of blood cells contain numerous cytoplasmic precipitates illustrating the intracellular lead accumulation. It is shown that the invaginations of white cell nuclear membrane possess a storing function as areas of lead depots. As a rule, the neutrophils display a highest amount of cytoplasmic precipitates and exclusively a low amount of reaction products in basophils is observed. At 14 days after injection, precipitates are present only in erythrocytes and monocytes. A suggestion of a possible functional significance of changes in the Timm staining pattern in blood cell types is discussed in this paper.

采用单剂量醋酸铅(150 mg/kg b.w)处理雄性成年Wistar大鼠,研究了Timm硫化银法在外周血细胞中铅离子表现的应用。为了提高Timm反应的电镜效果,采用饱和H2S的戊二醛固定液对全细胞进行固定,琼脂糖包埋,并在未事先进行低温切片的情况下对厚切片进行物理发育。注射后6.0 h,红细胞和白细胞均显示Timm阳性反应。所有类型的血细胞都含有大量的细胞质沉淀,说明细胞内铅的积累。结果表明,白细胞核膜内凹处作为铅储存区具有贮铅功能。一般来说,中性粒细胞表现出最多的细胞质沉淀,而在嗜碱性粒细胞中只观察到少量的反应产物。注射后14天,沉淀物仅存在于红细胞和单核细胞中。本文讨论了血细胞类型中Timm染色模式变化的可能功能意义。
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引用次数: 0
Index of phagocyte activation based on luminescence of dehydrogenase coenzymes. 基于脱氢酶辅酶发光的吞噬细胞活化指标。
A A Slavinsky

In the cytoplasm of activated neutrophils and monocytes of blood, as well as microphages and macrophages of festering wounds, the incubation with nitroblue tetrazolium results, in two types of autoluminescence. The blue luminescence as a result of reduced pyridine nucleotides (RP) characterizes the non-active state of phagocytes. The yellow-green luminescence due to oxygenated flavoproteins (OF) signifies the active state of phagocytes. The luminescence intensity ratio of OF to RP reflects the rate of energy output and is the energy index of phagocyte activation.

在血液中活化的中性粒细胞和单核细胞,以及溃烂伤口的微噬细胞和巨噬细胞的细胞质中,用硝基蓝四氮唑孵育可产生两种类型的自发光。由于吡啶核苷酸(RP)的还原而产生的蓝色发光表征了吞噬细胞的非活性状态。氧化黄蛋白(oxygenated flavoprotein, OF)发出的黄绿色荧光表明吞噬细胞处于活跃状态。of与RP的发光强度比反映了能量输出的速率,是吞噬细胞激活的能量指数。
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引用次数: 0
Haematological complications in polycythaemia vera and thrombocythaemia patients treated with radiophosphorus (32P). 真性红细胞增多症和血小板增多症患者放射磷治疗的血液学并发症(32P)
M L Randi, F Fabris, L Varotto, C Rossi, C Macri, A Girolami

We have evaluated 230 patients with myeloproliferative disorders treated in the last 15 years with 32P. None of the patients affected by essential thrombocythaemia developed haematological complications. In the larger group of polycythaemia patients (214 subjects) only 38 patients (17 males and 21 females) developed complications. 60.5% of these subjects had a minor complications: 1.8% showed a thrombocytopenia lower than 100.10e9/lt, 2.3% anaemia with Hb lower than 10 g%, 2.6% leukopenia lower than 40.10e9/lt and 2.3% a pancytopenia. All these complications were transient and eventually treated with limited blood transfusions. We could not identify a correlation between the dose used and the development of such complications. We noted only that the occurrence of anaemia, given a similar dose, was more frequent in females. Only 7% of all patients presented a major complication after 32P administration. In this case too, there was no correlation with the dose administered. Myelofibrosis and chronic myeloid leukaemia resulted to be the more frequent complication (9 out of 15) but we could not clarify if they represented a natural evolution of polycythaemia vera or were due to the treatment with 32P. Acute leukaemia developed only in 5 patients and again we could not recognized a correlation with the dose administered. Moreover, the time from the diagnosis of polycythaemia vera the onset of acute leukaemia ranged widely. 32P has a definite effect on the prevention of thrombotic and haemorrhagic complications in polycythaemia patients since it prolongs their life but it also increases the incidence of acute leukaemia.

我们评估了过去15年中使用32P治疗的230例骨髓增生性疾病患者。原发性血小板血症患者均未出现血液学并发症。在更多的红细胞增多症患者组(214名受试者)中,只有38名患者(17名男性和21名女性)出现并发症。60.5%的受试者有轻微并发症:1.8%的人表现为血小板减少低于100.10e9/lt, 2.3%的人表现为Hb低于10g /lt的贫血,2.6%的人表现为白细胞减少低于40.10e9/lt, 2.3%的人表现为全血细胞减少。所有这些并发症都是短暂的,最终通过有限的输血得到治疗。我们无法确定所使用的剂量与此类并发症的发生之间的相关性。我们只注意到,在给予相同剂量的情况下,贫血的发生在女性中更为频繁。只有7%的患者在32P给药后出现严重并发症。在这种情况下,也与给药剂量无关。骨髓纤维化和慢性髓性白血病是更常见的并发症(15例中有9例),但我们无法确定它们是真性红细胞增多症的自然演变,还是32P治疗的结果。急性白血病仅在5名患者中发生,我们再次无法识别与给药剂量的关系。此外,从真性红细胞增多症的诊断到急性白血病的发病时间跨度很大。32P对预防多红细胞血症患者的血栓和出血性并发症有一定的作用,因为它延长了患者的生命,但它也增加了急性白血病的发病率。
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引用次数: 0
Computer evaluation of reference limits. 参考限值的计算机评定。
J Berger

Reference limits are necessary for medical laboratory to provide objective information on health in concrete characteristics. With respect to changeability of some factors influencing upon homeostasis, reference limits must be determined and redetermined in each clinical laboratory with the high degree of the internal quality control system. The presented program computing reference limits and providing expert consultations facilitates solution.

参考限度是医学实验室提供具体健康特征的客观信息所必需的。对于影响体内平衡的一些因素的可变性,每个临床实验室必须在高度的内部质量控制体系下确定和重新确定参考值。该程序计算参考极限,并提供专家咨询,有利于解决问题。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of the monocyte culture on thromboxane A2 level and platelet aggregation. 单核细胞培养对血栓素A2水平及血小板聚集的影响。
J Giedrojć, T Czaczkowska, M Bielawiec

The importance of circulating blood cells has been further emphasized as monocytes may also contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The pathological changes in atheroma may be partly mediated by metabolites of arachidonic acid. The aim of this study was determining thromboxane B2 concentrations in the supernatants of monocytes cultures and its influence on platelet aggregation. Human blood monocytes were recovered according to the procedure of Böyum and incubated with LPS. It was shown that monocytes produced thromboxane A2. The culture supernatant of monocytes from 36 h cultivation exerts an independent effect on platelet aggregation, which has been modified by inhibitors of aggregating factors. The results may indicate the influence of monocytes on AA metabolism in particular TXB2 production, platelet function and indirectly on the atherosclerotic process.

循环血细胞的重要性已被进一步强调,单核细胞也可能有助于动脉粥样硬化的发病机制。动脉粥样硬化的病理改变可能部分由花生四烯酸代谢物介导。本研究的目的是测定单核细胞培养上清液中的血栓素B2浓度及其对血小板聚集的影响。按Böyum程序回收人血单核细胞,LPS孵育。结果表明,单核细胞产生血栓素A2。培养36 h的单核细胞培养上清对血小板聚集有独立的影响,血小板聚集被聚集因子抑制剂修饰。这些结果可能表明单核细胞影响AA代谢,特别是TXB2的产生和血小板功能,并间接影响动脉粥样硬化过程。
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引用次数: 0
Nebulized heparin and anabolic steroid in the prevention of postoperative deep vein thrombosis following elective abdominal surgery. 肝素和合成代谢类固醇雾化预防选择性腹部手术后深静脉血栓形成。
K Zawilska, A Tokarz, A Misiak, P Psuja, S Wisławski, P Szymczak, J Meissner, J Karoń, K Lewandowski, S Lopaciuk

One hundred eighty three patients, all over 40 years old, who underwent major abdominal surgery, were randomized into 3 groups: Group I received a single dose of nebulized heparin (800 IU per kg b.w.) administered by inhalation one day prior to surgery. Group II besides the above, also received a single injection of 50 mg of long acting anabolic steroid (nandrolone phenylpropionate) intramuscularly. Group III received 5000 IU heparin subcutaneously on hr prior to surgery as well as every 12 h for the next 5 postoperative days. Postoperatively the patients were evaluated for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) using the 125-I-fibrinogen test. The occurrence of DVT was determined as: in Group I--16%, in Group II--7.9%, in Group III--7.8%. Haemorrhagic complications (clinically important) were observed in 7.8% of patients from Group III, but only in 1.7% of patients in Group I and 1.6% in Group II. For DVT prophylaxis following abdominal surgery a single application of nebulized heparin and long acting anabolic steroid is as effective as conventional low-dose subcutaneous heparin administration, but gives less haemorrhagic complications. This method is also more advantagenous in term of acceptance by the patients and represents considerable saving of nursing time.

183例40岁以上接受腹部大手术的患者随机分为3组:1组术前1天给予单剂量雾化肝素(800 IU / kg b.w)吸入。II组除上述组外,还给予长效合成代谢类固醇(苯丙酸诺龙)肌内单次注射50 mg。III组患者术前1小时皮下注射5000 IU肝素,术后5天每12小时皮下注射一次肝素。术后采用125- i纤维蛋白原试验评估患者深静脉血栓形成(DVT)。确定DVT的发生率为:I组为16%,II组为7.9%,III组为7.8%。在III组中,7.8%的患者出现出血性并发症(临床上重要的),而在I组和II组中,这一比例分别为1.7%和1.6%。对于腹部手术后DVT的预防,雾化肝素和长效合成代谢类固醇的单次应用与传统的低剂量肝素皮下给药一样有效,但出血并发症更少。这种方法在患者的接受度上也更有利,节省了相当多的护理时间。
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引用次数: 0
[Iron resorption and the effects of iron supplementation in blood donors]. 献血者的铁吸收和补铁的影响。
L H Schmidt, W Gulich, M Schröder, V Drescher

Topical values for some haematological factors such as Hb and Ery as well as transferrin and ferritin were determined in 7 female blood donors and 8 male blood donors during the years of their work as blood donors. Subsequently, an iron resorption test was carried out which unexpectedly resulted in low rates of resorption ranging from 5.6% in men to 3.7% in women. After supplementing with vitaferro for 3 months the ferritin values which initially lay around the lower limiting value of 20 or 10 mg/l in men or women had doubled.

测定了7名女性献血者和8名男性献血者在献血者工作期间的一些血液学因子如Hb和Ery以及转铁蛋白和铁蛋白的局部值。随后,进行了铁吸收试验,出乎意料地导致了低吸收率,男性为5.6%,女性为3.7%。在补充维他铁3个月后,铁蛋白值最初在男性或女性中处于20或10毫克/升的下限附近,增加了一倍。
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引用次数: 0
Haemocompatibility of extracorporeal circulation technique with autooxygenation: influence on platelet function and homologous blood requirement. 自体氧合体外循环技术的血液相容性:对血小板功能和同源血需氧量的影响。
J Wojnar, A Bochenek, A M Wnuk-Wojnar, Z Religa, J Hołowiecki

Forty male patients: group A-autooxygenation and group B-bubble oxygenator used in extracorporeal circulation (ECC) were studied to evaluate the haemocompatibility of 2 types of ECC. The Plt count dropped significantly in group B patients: -73% of initial value vs only -27% in group A, (p less than 0.001). In both groups a rise in BTG was shown, but higher in group B, p less than 0.001. At the end of CPB aggregation decreased only slightly in group A after epinephrine and 4-ADP, and decreased hardly in group B with the significant difference between two groups (p less than 0.02 and p less than 0.001, respectively). In group A the mean blood loss was 278 +/- 49 ml/m2 and 483 +/- 67 ml/m2 in group B, p less than 0.001. The mean blood transfusion in group A and B was 198 +/- 82 ml/m2 and 427 +/- 85 ml/m2, respectively (p less than 0.001). We are positive that the elimination of artificial oxygenator from the ECC diminished markedly the decline in Plt count and Plt activation during CPB.

对40例男性患者进行体外循环(ECC) a -自体氧合组和b -气泡氧合组的血液相容性评价。B组患者的血小板计数显著下降:为初始值的-73%,而A组仅为-27%,(p < 0.001)。两组BTG均升高,但B组升高,p < 0.001。注射肾上腺素和4-ADP后,A组CPB聚集量略有下降,B组几乎没有下降,两组间差异有统计学意义(p < 0.02和p < 0.001)。A组平均失血量278 +/- 49 ml/m2, B组平均失血量483 +/- 67 ml/m2, p < 0.001。A组和B组平均输血量分别为198 +/- 82 ml/m2和427 +/- 85 ml/m2 (p < 0.001)。我们确信,在CPB期间,从ECC中去除人工氧合剂可以显著减少Plt计数和Plt激活的下降。
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引用次数: 0
Inhibitors to factor IX contain all IgG subclasses except IgG3. 因子IX抑制剂包含除IgG3外的所有IgG亚类。
K H Orstavik

Five per cent of patients with haemophilia B develop inhibitors to factor IX. It is of interest to know the immunoglobulin subclass of these IgG antibodies. We have developed a sensitive method for the characterization of the subclass nature of inhibitors to factor IX. The technique is a crossed immunoelectrophoresis for the isolation of factor IX-inhibitor complexes followed by an enzyme-linked immunoassay using monoclonal antibodies to IgG subclasses for the subclass identification. We studied seven inhibitors with both low and high titres. One patient was studied at a very early stage of inhibitor development. All inhibitors gave a strong reaction with antibody to IgG4. Depending on the titre of the inhibitor, a reaction was also found with antibodies to IgG1 and IgG2. No inhibitor contained any detectable IgG3. IgG4 does not bind complement and it is therefore of importance that IgG4 is the main subclass both in high-titred and in low-titred inhibitors. The inhibitors are polyclonal antibodies, also at an early stage of inhibitor development.

5%的B型血友病患者产生因子IX抑制剂。了解这些IgG抗体的免疫球蛋白亚类是很有意义的。我们已经开发了一种敏感的方法来表征因子IX抑制剂的亚类性质。该技术是用于分离因子ix抑制剂复合物的交叉免疫电泳,然后使用针对IgG亚类的单克隆抗体进行酶联免疫测定,用于亚类鉴定。我们研究了七种低效价和高效价的抑制剂。一名患者在抑制剂开发的非常早期阶段进行了研究。所有抑制剂均与IgG4抗体有强烈反应。根据抑制剂的滴度,还发现了与IgG1和IgG2抗体的反应。没有抑制剂含有任何可检测到的IgG3。IgG4不结合补体,因此IgG4在高滴度和低滴度抑制剂中都是主要亚类,这一点很重要。抑制剂是多克隆抗体,也处于抑制剂发展的早期阶段。
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引用次数: 0
[Improving the quality of washed and buffy coat-free erythrocyte concentrates]. [提高水洗和淡黄色无被毛红细胞浓缩物的质量]。
M Kaiser, M Scholz, D Strauss

Washing buffy-coat free erythrocyte concentrates three times in bottles used for blood storage will diminish their leukocyte content to 0.22 +/- 0.11 x 10(9) per TE (= 9% of the initial value in whole blood, and the thrombocyte content to 0.3 +/- 0.5 x 10(9) per day (= 2% of the initial value in whole blood). Even 50% of leukocytes (mainly lymphocytes) and 80% of thrombocytes are eliminated simply by buffy coat separation. 30% of erythrocytes are lost by the washing process. Due to increasing haemolysis (0.22%) a subsequent storage of 24 hours should not be exceeded for washed erythrocyte concentrates. Further quality parameters, such as morphological index, pH, ATP, 2,3-P2G and K+ and Na+, were investigated. As far as selected quality parameters are concerned, washing erythrocyte concentrates three times in bottles for blood storage may be compared with washing them once in blood bags. The present findings confirm the conclusion that the washing of erythrocyte concentrates with a solution of sodium chloride in order to eliminate leukocytes may for the most part exclude non-haemolytic febrile transfusion reactions, but not immunization. More effective procedures of eliminating leukocytes, such as filtration, TTK or even glycerin, treatment of erythrocyte concentrates without cryoconservation, are indispensable.

在用于血液储存的瓶子中洗涤无黄外套红细胞浓缩物三次将使其白细胞含量降低到每TE 0.22 +/- 0.11 × 10(9)(=全血初始值的9%),血小板含量降低到每天0.3 +/- 0.5 × 10(9)(=全血初始值的2%)。甚至50%的白细胞(主要是淋巴细胞)和80%的血小板通过浅黄皮分离被清除。30%的红细胞在洗涤过程中流失。由于溶血增加(0.22%),冲洗后的红细胞浓缩物的贮存时间不应超过24小时。进一步考察了形态指标、pH、ATP、2,3- p2g、K+和Na+等质量参数。就所选择的质量参数而言,可将红细胞浓缩物在瓶子中清洗三次用于血液储存,而将其在血袋中清洗一次。目前的研究结果证实了这样的结论,即用氯化钠溶液冲洗红细胞浓缩液以消除白细胞,可以在很大程度上排除非溶血性发热输血反应,但不能排除免疫。更有效的清除白细胞的程序,如过滤,TTK甚至甘油,处理红细胞浓缩物而不进行冷冻保存,是必不可少的。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Folia haematologica (Leipzig, Germany : 1928)
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