The role of the autonomic nervous system in controlling ovum transport remains obscure. Although not studied extensively in the oviduct, the para-sympathetic nervous system does not appear to significantly influence ovum transport. The sympathetic nervous system of the oviduct and its pharmacology have been studied more thoroughly. Despite this, little information is available concerning cellular mechanisims of adrenergically altered motility or transport. In spite of much speculation, the weight of evidence suggests that, at least in the rabbit, the sympathetic nervous system plays a minor role in the control of ovum transport.
{"title":"The autonomic nervous system and its relationship to tubal ovum transport--a reappraisal.","authors":"B J Hodgson, C A Eddy","doi":"10.1159/000301515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000301515","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The role of the autonomic nervous system in controlling ovum transport remains obscure. Although not studied extensively in the oviduct, the para-sympathetic nervous system does not appear to significantly influence ovum transport. The sympathetic nervous system of the oviduct and its pharmacology have been studied more thoroughly. Despite this, little information is available concerning cellular mechanisims of adrenergically altered motility or transport. In spite of much speculation, the weight of evidence suggests that, at least in the rabbit, the sympathetic nervous system plays a minor role in the control of ovum transport.</p>","PeriodicalId":75889,"journal":{"name":"Gynecologic investigation","volume":"6 3-4","pages":"162-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000301515","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12279962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A review is given on sperm migration to and sperm survival within the human Fallopian tube. Sperm migration from the external os can be very fast. The survival time of spermatozoa in the oviduct has been demonstrated to be 85 h. Spermatozoa normally enter the abdominal cavity through the open fimbriated end. Laterally closed oviducts retain spermatozoa resulting in a larger number of spermatozoa than in the normal oviduct, where the number of sperm at the site of fertilization is very low. The morphology of spermatozoa reaching the ampulla of the oviduct is mostly normal, which seems to be based on the correlation between normal morphology and good motility. Spermatozoa within the abdominal cavity do not cause antibody formation of any importance for the fertility of the woman.
{"title":"Sperm transport to and survival in the human fallopian tube.","authors":"M Ahlgren","doi":"10.1159/000301517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000301517","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A review is given on sperm migration to and sperm survival within the human Fallopian tube. Sperm migration from the external os can be very fast. The survival time of spermatozoa in the oviduct has been demonstrated to be 85 h. Spermatozoa normally enter the abdominal cavity through the open fimbriated end. Laterally closed oviducts retain spermatozoa resulting in a larger number of spermatozoa than in the normal oviduct, where the number of sperm at the site of fertilization is very low. The morphology of spermatozoa reaching the ampulla of the oviduct is mostly normal, which seems to be based on the correlation between normal morphology and good motility. Spermatozoa within the abdominal cavity do not cause antibody formation of any importance for the fertility of the woman.</p>","PeriodicalId":75889,"journal":{"name":"Gynecologic investigation","volume":"6 3-4","pages":"206-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000301517","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12279963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In an effort to understand O2 delivery to fetal tissues, we measured circulatory transit times using dye dilution methods in near-term fetuses of 19 ewes. Times from dye injection to peak response (+/-1 sec) were: femoral vein to carotid artery 2.2, to femoral arter 2.6, to umbilical artery 3.7; jugular vein to carotid artery 1.7, to femoral artery 2.6; umbilical vein to carotid artery 1.9, to femoral artery 3.4, to umbilical artery 5.1, and umbilical artery to umbilical vein 5.4 sec. These rapid transits suggest that changes in placenta and peripheral tissues will quickly affect one another. The time for a complete circuit of blood through the fetus was 12.6 (+/-1.0 SEM) sec. Following dye dilunjections into an umbilical vein double peaks, separated by 4.9 sec, were recorded in peripheral arteries (44 observations), and the divergence localized to the ductus venosus. Based on relative areas under the two peaks, ductus flow averaged 0.425 +/- 0.052 SEM of total flow returning from the placenta with the remainder taking a slow course through liver parenchyma.
{"title":"Fetal circulation times and their implications for tissue oxygenation.","authors":"G G Power, L D Longo","doi":"10.1159/000301534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000301534","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In an effort to understand O2 delivery to fetal tissues, we measured circulatory transit times using dye dilution methods in near-term fetuses of 19 ewes. Times from dye injection to peak response (+/-1 sec) were: femoral vein to carotid artery 2.2, to femoral arter 2.6, to umbilical artery 3.7; jugular vein to carotid artery 1.7, to femoral artery 2.6; umbilical vein to carotid artery 1.9, to femoral artery 3.4, to umbilical artery 5.1, and umbilical artery to umbilical vein 5.4 sec. These rapid transits suggest that changes in placenta and peripheral tissues will quickly affect one another. The time for a complete circuit of blood through the fetus was 12.6 (+/-1.0 SEM) sec. Following dye dilunjections into an umbilical vein double peaks, separated by 4.9 sec, were recorded in peripheral arteries (44 observations), and the divergence localized to the ductus venosus. Based on relative areas under the two peaks, ductus flow averaged 0.425 +/- 0.052 SEM of total flow returning from the placenta with the remainder taking a slow course through liver parenchyma.</p>","PeriodicalId":75889,"journal":{"name":"Gynecologic investigation","volume":"6 6","pages":"342-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000301534","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11963685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A radioimmunoassay for serum unconjugated estriol in the menstrual cycle with a sensitivity of about 5 pg/ml is described. 8 cycles were studied. In 2 cycles, single spikes of 22 and 30 pg/ml were obtained. In 3 cycles, concentrations of 4-5 pg/ml were found whereas in the other 3 studies, no estriol was detected. In general, peaks of estriol corresponded to peaks in estradiol plus estrone. Patients in 4-12 weeks of gestation were also studied. Concentrations as high as 262 pg/ml were found but in isolated instances, no estriol was detected. The results support the view that in contrast to the pregnant state, in the normal menstrual cycle, the bulk of the estriol produced is conjugated before release into the blood.
{"title":"Serum unconjugated estriol in the menstrual cycle and early pregnancy.","authors":"U Raju, M Ganguly, G Weiss, A Zarkin, M Levitz","doi":"10.1159/000301536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000301536","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A radioimmunoassay for serum unconjugated estriol in the menstrual cycle with a sensitivity of about 5 pg/ml is described. 8 cycles were studied. In 2 cycles, single spikes of 22 and 30 pg/ml were obtained. In 3 cycles, concentrations of 4-5 pg/ml were found whereas in the other 3 studies, no estriol was detected. In general, peaks of estriol corresponded to peaks in estradiol plus estrone. Patients in 4-12 weeks of gestation were also studied. Concentrations as high as 262 pg/ml were found but in isolated instances, no estriol was detected. The results support the view that in contrast to the pregnant state, in the normal menstrual cycle, the bulk of the estriol produced is conjugated before release into the blood.</p>","PeriodicalId":75889,"journal":{"name":"Gynecologic investigation","volume":"6 6","pages":"356-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000301536","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12388738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The transfer of phosphomycin across the placental barrier was studied after a single injection of the sodium salt of phosphomycin to the mother during active labour. The concentrations of the antibiotic in maternal and fetal blood were determined and a high and rapid transfer of the antibiotic, reaching 50% of the maternal blood level after 1.5 h, was observed, which theoretically could be effective in the fetus against a large number of the germs which can be responsible for intrauterine infections.
{"title":"Placental transfer of phosphomycin.","authors":"L Ferreres, M Paz, J Roman, A Llopis, M Gobernado","doi":"10.1159/000301631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000301631","url":null,"abstract":"The transfer of phosphomycin across the placental barrier was studied after a single injection of the sodium salt of phosphomycin to the mother during active labour. The concentrations of the antibiotic in maternal and fetal blood were determined and a high and rapid transfer of the antibiotic, reaching 50% of the maternal blood level after 1.5 h, was observed, which theoretically could be effective in the fetus against a large number of the germs which can be responsible for intrauterine infections.","PeriodicalId":75889,"journal":{"name":"Gynecologic investigation","volume":"5 2","pages":"65-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000301631","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15540236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High-molecular weight fatty acids in human cervical mucus have been studied by temperature-programmed gas chromatography. Human cervical mucus consists of 0.4% C25, 0.6% C26, 0.2
{"title":"High-molecular weight fatty acids in human cervical mucus.","authors":"E J Singh","doi":"10.1159/000301648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000301648","url":null,"abstract":"High-molecular weight fatty acids in human cervical mucus have been studied by temperature-programmed gas chromatography. Human cervical mucus consists of 0.4% C25, 0.6% C26, 0.2","PeriodicalId":75889,"journal":{"name":"Gynecologic investigation","volume":"5 3","pages":"139-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000301648","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15549890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C R Rosenfeld, F H Morriss, E L Makowski, G Meschia, F C Battaglia
The blood flows to reproductive organs were measured by means of radionuclide-labeled microspheres in 24 pregnant ewes with gestational ages ranging from 38 to 141 days. The microspheres were injected
{"title":"Circulatory changes in the reproductive tissues of ewes during pregnancy.","authors":"C R Rosenfeld, F H Morriss, E L Makowski, G Meschia, F C Battaglia","doi":"10.1159/000301658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000301658","url":null,"abstract":"The blood flows to reproductive organs were measured by means of radionuclide-labeled microspheres in 24 pregnant ewes with gestational ages ranging from 38 to 141 days. The microspheres were injected","PeriodicalId":75889,"journal":{"name":"Gynecologic investigation","volume":"5 5-6","pages":"252-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000301658","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15563423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental Mycoplasma hominis i infection in the pregnant rat. A possible model for studies of teratogenesis.","authors":"M Millar, C D Graber","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75889,"journal":{"name":"Gynecologic investigation","volume":"5 2","pages":"73-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15578530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is now known that a woman who has given birth to a large child or children is to be regarded as a potential diabetic. It has also been suggested that, in addition to the mother’s unfavorable environment, the high birth weight might be an inherited characteristic linked in some way to the diabetic genetic make-up of the father. The authors have investigated carbohydrate metabolism by means of a 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test in 50 couples, mothers and fathers who had given birth to giant infants (weighing 5 kg or more). Glucose tolerance was compared to that of 50 other couples, mothers and fathers of infants with average birth weight. The latter served as a control group. Nine women (18%) in the test group had a diabetic O-GTT, as compared to three (6%) in the control group. Five men in the test group (10%), and two in the control group (4%) had diabetic-type curves. Statistical evaluation of women and men as groups showed glucose tolerance to be significantly lower in the test groups as compared to the control groups, respectively. It was concluded that results of our study are in accordance with investigators who found deterioration of carbohydrate metabolism in mothers and fathers of excessive-sized babies.
{"title":"Studies in human reproduction. Glucose tolerance in mothers and fathers of excessive-sized infants.","authors":"J A Goldman, A Schachter","doi":"10.1159/000301636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000301636","url":null,"abstract":"It is now known that a woman who has given birth to a large child or children is to be regarded as a potential diabetic. It has also been suggested that, in addition to the mother’s unfavorable environment, the high birth weight might be an inherited characteristic linked in some way to the diabetic genetic make-up of the father. The authors have investigated carbohydrate metabolism by means of a 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test in 50 couples, mothers and fathers who had given birth to giant infants (weighing 5 kg or more). Glucose tolerance was compared to that of 50 other couples, mothers and fathers of infants with average birth weight. The latter served as a control group. Nine women (18%) in the test group had a diabetic O-GTT, as compared to three (6%) in the control group. Five men in the test group (10%), and two in the control group (4%) had diabetic-type curves. Statistical evaluation of women and men as groups showed glucose tolerance to be significantly lower in the test groups as compared to the control groups, respectively. It was concluded that results of our study are in accordance with investigators who found deterioration of carbohydrate metabolism in mothers and fathers of excessive-sized babies.","PeriodicalId":75889,"journal":{"name":"Gynecologic investigation","volume":"5 2","pages":"83-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000301636","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15540237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The permeability of the vaginal mucosa for viruses in pregnant and non pregnant mice has been investigated. As a virus model, a T3-phage suspension labeled with methylene blue was inoculated into the vagina. 18 min after application of the suspension in pregnant mice, phages were detected in circulating blood by in vitro tests. In non pregnant mice, a phagemia was noted 8 min later. The rapid permeability of the vaginal mucosa for viruses during pregnancy has been substantiated by a simultaneous excretion of dye in gastric fluid and in urine. These observations may be due to the hyperemia and increased pelvic blood flow of the genital tract during pregnancy.
{"title":"Permeability of the vaginal wall for viruses in pregnant mice.","authors":"P A Georgakopoulos","doi":"10.1159/000301637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000301637","url":null,"abstract":"The permeability of the vaginal mucosa for viruses in pregnant and non pregnant mice has been investigated. As a virus model, a T3-phage suspension labeled with methylene blue was inoculated into the vagina. 18 min after application of the suspension in pregnant mice, phages were detected in circulating blood by in vitro tests. In non pregnant mice, a phagemia was noted 8 min later. The rapid permeability of the vaginal mucosa for viruses during pregnancy has been substantiated by a simultaneous excretion of dye in gastric fluid and in urine. These observations may be due to the hyperemia and increased pelvic blood flow of the genital tract during pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":75889,"journal":{"name":"Gynecologic investigation","volume":"5 2","pages":"88-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000301637","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15540239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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