Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry最新文献

Tuberculosis is a bacterial disease primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which most commonly affects the lungs. Despite the development of various drugs, the disease remains a global public health emergency, as declared by the World Health Organization (WHO). Therefore, research on promising drugs to control and prevent the disease is essential. Hydrazides (R–C(O)–NH–NH₂) are important intermediates. Their condensation with aldehydes or ketones yields hydrazone derivatives, which are a subclass of Schiff bases (compounds featuring an azomethine group, –C=N–). These hydrazide-derived Schiff bases and their metal complexes are promising scaffolds for antitubercular drug discovery. In this review, the antitubercular potential of hydrazides and their complexes is discussed and compared with isoniazid, a standard drug.

Synthetic polymers are derived primarily through chemical processing from fossil fuel-based raw materials. The extensive use of these non-biodegradable synthetic materials in pharmaceutical drug delivery, cosmetics, biomedical applications, and food packaging has caused significant environmental damage and poses potential health risks to living organisms. This calls for alternative, sustainable materials. Biopolymers, as sustainable and renewable polymeric sources, represent a viable alternative to overcome these issues. Recently, chitin, a highly abundant natural amino polysaccharide, and its derivatives have attracted researchers’ attention due to their outstanding properties, such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and low cost, which make them ideal candidates for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. In this review, we selectively highlight the sources, extraction processes, biosynthesis, and properties of chitin and its derivatives. Furthermore, major research on chitin- and chitosan-based nanoformulations for drug delivery in various diseases, such as cancer, leishmaniasis, and microbial infections, is discussed. Similarly, nanoformulations for the delivery of numerous bioactive phytoconstituents, such as curcumin, rutin, ferulic acid, and quercetin, are also reviewed. Additionally, the immunogenicity, cytotoxicity, safety considerations, and clinical outcomes of various trials involving chitin and chitosan are summarized.

Objective: This study aimed to synthesize novel 1,3,4-thiadiazole-based 1-(amino(substituted-phenyl)methyl)naphthalen-2-ols using an ultrasound-assisted approach. The objective was to evaluate their anticancer and antibacterial activities, as well as their molecular interactions and pharmacokinetic properties. Methods: The compounds were synthesized using an ultrasound-assisted approach with silica sulfuric acid as a catalyst. This involved the condensation of aminothiadiazoles and aromatic aldehydes with 2-naphthol. Anticancer activity was tested against A-498 and A549 cell lines, while antibacterial activity was assessed against S. aureus, B. subtilis, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa. Molecular docking studies were performed with target proteins 1KZN, 1BAG, 1D7U, and 2XCT. Additionally, in-silico ADME profiling and structural analysis, including optimized geometries, FMOs, and MEP plots, were carried out. Results and Discussion: The synthesized compounds exhibited promising anticancer activity, with the bromine-substituted derivative IVa being the most potent. Compound IVc showed significant antibacterial activity against all tested strains. Molecular docking results indicated superior binding energies for IVc and IVb, ranging from −7.5 to −8.4 kcal/mol. In silico ADME profiling predicted favorable pharmacokinetic properties. Structural analysis showed that IVc had a reduced energy gap (∆E: 2.1687 eV), lower hardness, higher softness (ɳ: 1.0843 eV, S: 0.9222 eV), and low toxicity (IVb: ω: 0.3675 eV). Conclusions: The synthesized compounds, especially IVa and IVc, showed strong anticancer and antibacterial activities, making them promising candidates for further research. Molecular docking and ADME results support their potential for biological applications. Structural insights suggest that these compounds possess favorable reactivity, stability, and low toxicity, further confirming their potential as bioactive scaffolds for future investigations.

Objective: A novel series of oxazolone-fused 4H-chromene derivatives was synthesized via a piperidine-catalyzed one-pot method using an ethanol–chloroform solvent system. Methods: The compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, supported by molecular docking and ADMET profiling. Results and Discussion: Compounds 4b and 4c, bearing naphthol substituents, exhibited notable antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant effects. Docking studies against Topoisomerase IV (E. coli), CYP51 (C. albicans), and oxidoreductase revealed strong binding affinities: compound 4b showed docking scores of 7.22, 7.14, and 7.92, while 4c scored 7.16, 7.34, and 7.45, respectively. Although 4b demonstrated potent bioactivity, it showed moderate risks of mutagenicity and tumorigenicity, limiting its therapeutic potential. In contrast, compound 4c (2-naphthol derivative) combined strong multitarget activity with a favorable safety profile, highlighting its promise as a lead candidate for further drug development. Conclusions: These results underscore the significance of structural modifications and support the integration of computational tools in early-stage drug discovery.

Objective: In this study, we synthesized five novel triazole derivatives and biologically evaluated their antiurease and antioxidant properties. Methods: Five novel 1,2,4-triazole derivatives (5a–5e) were synthesized and tested for their urease inhibition and antioxidant activities using spectrophotometric methods. Results and Discussion: All compounds exhibited varying degrees of biological activity, with compound 5c demonstrating the most potent urease inhibition and radical scavenging capacity. Statistical analysis confirmed significant differences among the compounds, particularly highlighting the superior performance of 5c. Conclusions: These results suggest that halogen-substituted triazoles are promising candidates for further pharmacological development aimed at oxidative stress-related conditions and urease-associated pathologies.

Objective: The work is focused on protecting plant organisms from acute gamma radiation exposure. The study specifically investigates the use of lignin from wild rosemary (Ledum palustre L.) as a radioprotective agent for the aquatic plant Lemna minor L. Methods: Lemna minor L. was irradiated at doses up to 63 Gy, and the plant biomarkers were assessed. Water-soluble lignin from wild rosemary was used to cultivate plants in aqueous lignin-containing media to evaluate its potential radioprotective effects. Results and Discussion: The study found that water-soluble lignin from wild rosemary is not toxic to Lemna minor L. Pre-cultivating the plants in lignin-containing media resulted in a reduction of radiation-induced damage and an increase in root length, suggesting the adaptogenic and radioprotective properties of lignin. These findings were observed at both the organismal and populational levels. Conclusions: The research for the first time proposed a hypothesis about the radioprotective potential of lignin and experimentally demonstrated that exogenous lignin could protect plant organisms from the effects of acute exposure to high-dose gamma radiation.

The review summarizes the results of research on Sosnowsky’s hogweed processing with the view of extraction of chemical compounds having a raw-material potential for various industrial applications. The presence of carboxylic acids in Sosnowsky’s hogweed makes it suitable for the creation of plant growth stimulants, that of aldehydes and alcohols, for production of selective herbicides, and the presence of coumarins and furocoumarins, for creation of plant protection products with fungicidal, antimicrobial, and insecticidal activity and of anthelmintics. Of greatest interest from the medical and the pharmaceutical industry viewpoint are furanocoumarins (a class of phenolic compounds, coumarin derivatives) isolated from Sosnowsky’s hogweed, which possess antitumor activity and have a potential for application in PUVA therapy, for the treatment of vitiligo and psoriasis. The photosensitizing effect of Sosnowsky’s hogweed furanocoumarins is also of interest for the development of means of disinfecting objects and premises. In the food industry, the presence of low-methoxyl pectic substances in the composition of hogweed provides an opportunity for producing thickeners, and that of sucrose, white sugar on its basis. The high content of cellulose in the biomass of Sosnowsky’s hogweed makes it a valuable raw material for the pulp and paper industry. The chemical composition of Sosnowsky’s hogweed opens up the possibility of producing polymers and composites, as well as flotation reagents on its basis. Considering large biomass of Sosnowsky’s hogweed, its use for energy production, in particular, for obtaining biofuel, is proposed. Heat-insulating composite building mixtures and materials based on modified Sosnovsky’s hogweed can find a wide range of applications in construction.

Objective: The study aims to investigate the flavonoid composition in enzymatic hydrolysates of lingonberry pomace (Vaccinium vitis-idaea) and aronia berry pomace (Aronia melanocarpa) to assess their potential as sources of flavonoids for food product formulations or dietary supplements. Methods: The enzymatic hydrolysis of lingonberry and aronia berry pomace was performed using a selected enzyme complex (pectinase, cellulase, protease, and lipase) under specific conditions. The flavonoid content in the hydrolysates was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array and mass spectrometric detection. The quantitative determination was carried out using the external standard method. The flavonoid composition was studied by comparing retention times, UV spectra, and mass spectra with standards and literature data. Results and Discussion: The study identified 10 flavonoids in the enzymatic hydrolysate of lingonberry pomace, with quercitrin being the most abundant (0.033%). The total flavonol content after enzymatic treatment increased by 16.8% compared to the control. In the aronia berry pomace hydrolysate, six flavonoids were identified, with hyperoside being the dominant flavonoid (0.029%). Enzymatic treatment of aronia berry pomace increased the flavonoid content by 46.6% compared to the control. The study highlights that both hydrolysates offer potential for the creation of preventive-purpose food products. Conclusions: Enzymatic treatment of berry pomace enhances the flavonoid content in the hydrolysates, which can be used in food products or dietary supplements. The results contribute to the development of food biotechnology by providing a sustainable way to utilize secondary berry raw materials and create biologically active food ingredients.

Objective: The study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the qualitative composition and quantitative content of phenolic compounds (flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids) in three species of the Tanacetum genus—T. vulgare, T. balsamita, and T. balsamitoides—to explore their potential as sources of valuable biologically active substances. Methods: Flowers of three Tanacetum species—T. vulgare (wild species from the Ufa region) and two cultivated species (T. balsamita and T. balsamitoides)—were analyzed. Qualitative detection of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids was carried out using qualitative reactions and chromatographic analysis (thin-layer chromatography). Quantitative determination was performed using spectrophotometry with ethyl alcohol as the extractant for both flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids. Results and Discussion: The analysis revealed that T. vulgare (wild species) had the highest content of flavonoids (2.70 ± 0.10%) and hydroxycinnamic acids (3.05 ± 0.12%). T. balsamita and T. balsamitoides, cultivated species, had slightly lower contents of flavonoids (2.53 ± 0.12 and 2.14 ± 0.09%, respectively) and hydroxycinnamic acids (2.74 ± 0.11 and 2.38 ± 0.08%, respectively). Despite being slightly inferior to T. vulgare, these species still show potential for further study as sources of biologically active compounds. Conclusions: The study found that T. vulgare has a higher concentration of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids compared to T. balsamita and T. balsamitoides. However, the two latter species are promising for further research, as they could expand the raw material base of medicinal plant resources.