Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry最新文献

Objective: To compare the phenolic compounds in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and Desertifilum tharense cyanobacteria. Methods: Total phenolics were measured spectrophotometrically. Composition was analyzed via TLC and UV spectrometry. Results and Discussion: Synechocystis sp. had nearly double the phenolic content of D. tharense. Both species accumulated more phenolics during linear growth (day 3). TLC revealed 4 phenolic compounds in Synechocystis sp. and 7 in D. tharense, including conjugates of p-hydroxybenzoic and p-coumaric acids. Conclusions: Cyanobacteria produce phenolic compounds, with Synechocystis sp. being more productive. The diversity of phenolics differs between species, confirming the universality of their biosynthesis in prokaryotes.

Objective: The study aims to develop a quantitative analysis method for coumarins in Phlojodicarpus sibiricus (Fisch.) Koso-Pol., a medicinal plant, to provide a complete profile of coumarin compounds in the plant, including khellactones, lomatin, and 6″-O-apiosylskimmin. Methods: A method for quantitative analysis was developed, involving the preliminary hydrolysis of the raw materials in aqueous potassium hydroxide to deacylate esterified khellactone and lomatin derivatives. This method does not affect glycosides of simple coumarins. The hydrolysis products (khellactones, lomatin) and 6″-O-apiosylskimmin were then analyzed by HPLC. The technique was validated for speed, accuracy, and validation characteristics. Results and Discussion: The developed method was tested on rhizomes and roots of P. sibiricus collected from three regions of Siberia (Zabaikalsky Krai, Republic of Buryatia, and Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)). The total content of coumarins in the plant materials ranged from 12.70 to 74.03 mg/g. The method demonstrated satisfactory performance and could be used for quality control and standardization of P. sibiricus rhizomes and roots. Conclusions: The study successfully developed a rapid and accurate method for the quantitative analysis of coumarins in P. sibiricus, which can be applied for the quality analysis and standardization of the plant’s rhizomes and roots.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition of the essential oil (EO) and phenolic compounds from the aerial part of Lophanthus schtschurowskianus, as well as to assess their antibacterial and antifungal activities. Methods: The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation from the dried aerial parts of the plant. The chemical composition was analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the EO and plant extracts were evaluated using the modified agar diffusion method. Results and Discussion: GC-MS analysis identified 57 components in the EO, with 1,8-cineole (13.4%) and viridiflorol (8.5%) being the predominant compounds. The EO exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. The highest antimicrobial activity was observed in the EO compared to other extracts. Additionally, three phenolic compounds—caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, and luteolin—were isolated from the 75% alcoholic extract of the plant. Conclusions: The essential oil of Lophanthus schtschurowskianus contains bioactive compounds such as 1,8-cineole, which demonstrates notable antimicrobial effects. The plant’s extracts, particularly the essential oil, show potential for use in the treatment of infections, and the isolated phenolic compounds exhibit promising pharmacological properties.

Objective: The study investigates the physicochemical properties of solutions of carboxymethylated pine wood (CMD preparation) to assess its potential as an adjuvant in pesticide treatments for plants. Methods: The physicochemical properties of CMD solutions were analyzed, including pH, electrical conductivity, relative viscosity, and surface tension. The effect of mechanical action on intermolecular interactions and the strength of structural formations in the CMD solutions was evaluated using rotational viscometry in the shear rate range of 10–1000 s^–1 and at temperatures from 20 to 50°C. Results and Discussion: The CMD solutions were found to have an alkaline pH, low viscosity, and weaker intermolecular interactions compared to carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solutions. Stable rheological behavior was observed at a concentration of 0.1% in the temperature range of 20–40°C. CMD exhibited surface-active properties similar to the commercial preparation Neon 99, suggesting its potential use as an adjuvant in pesticide treatments. Conclusions: The CMD preparation demonstrated suitable physicochemical properties for use as an adjuvant in pesticide treatments, with surface-active properties comparable to those of commercial products.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the in vitro antioxidant and antiradical activities of Rutan, a polyphenolic extract derived from the leaves of Rhus coriaria L. (tannic sumach), and assess its protective effects on mitochondria and potential cardioprotective mechanisms. Methods: The antiradical activity was measured using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free radical assay. The mitochondrial lipid peroxidation (LPO) was induced in rat liver homogenates, and mitochondrial swelling was used to assess the effect of Rutan on the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). Additionally, the activity of the ATP-dependent potassium channel (mitoKATP) and creatine kinase (a cardiomarker) were evaluated. Results and Discussion: Rutan exhibited high antiradical activity, significantly reducing the optical density of DPPH and demonstrating dose-dependent inhibition of lipid peroxidation in mitochondrial membranes. It was shown to inhibit mitochondrial swelling induced by Ca²⁺ ions, thereby protecting the mitochondria by regulating the mPTP. Moreover, Rutan activated mitoKATP channels in a dose-dependent manner and reduced creatine kinase activity, indicating potential cardioprotective effects. The study highlighted Rutan’s effective antioxidant properties and its ability to protect mitochondria from oxidative damage. Conclusions: Rutan is a potent antioxidant that acts by transferring hydrogen to free radicals, terminating the lipid peroxidation chain reaction. It also exerts a protective effect on mitochondria, regulates mPTP, and exhibits cardioprotective properties, making it a promising agent for preventing oxidative stress-related diseases.

Objective: The study aims to investigate and compare the composition of extractive substances extracted with petroleum ether from the woody greens of Siberian larch (Larix sibirica) and European larch (Larix decidua). Methods: The woody greens of Larix sibirica and Larix decidua were extracted with petroleum ether, and the composition of the extractive substances was analyzed. The alcohol fraction of neutral substances was identified and characterized, with specific attention to resinous substances, alcohol types, and diterpenoids. NMR spectroscopy was used to confirm the structures of the isolated compounds. Results and Discussion: The study found that Larix sibirica contained almost twice as much resinous substances (9.5%) as Larix decidua (5.2%). The alcohol fraction of neutral substances in Larix sibirica was 25.6%, which is twice as high as in Larix decidua (12.85%). In Larix decidua, the diol fraction dominated, constituting 30.0% of the alcohols, 3.3 times higher than in Larix sibirica. The alcohol compositions differed between the two species, with Larix decidua predominantly containing monoterpene alcohols (7.0%), while Larix sibirica had a higher proportion of sesquiterpene alcohols. Diterpenoids were the main component of the alcohol fraction in both species, with the aromatic diterpene alcohol dehydroabietinol (23.5%) being prevalent in Larix decidua, and its oxidized form, 15-hydroxymethyl dehydroabietate (23.1%), being predominant in Larix sibirica. Other diterpenoids, nor-diterpenoids, and specific alcohols such as 13-epimanool and phytol were also identified. Conclusions: The study provided a detailed comparison of the extractive substances from Larix sibirica and Larix decidua, revealing differences in resinous substances, alcohol compositions, and diterpenoid profiles between the two species. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the chemical diversity in the woody greens of Siberian and European larch.

Objective: The research aims to study the efficiency of lignin extraction using a deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed of choline chloride and oxalic acid (0.75 : 1), and to evaluate its effectiveness in wheat straw delignification. Methods: The experiment was conducted within a temperature range of 80–110°C at atmospheric pressure. The cellulose-enriched fraction (technical cellulose), as well as the lignin and hemicellulose fractions, were isolated from the product mixture. Structural changes in the technical cellulose were analyzed using IR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results and Discussion: Increasing the temperature to 110°C resulted in a 83% degree of delignification of wheat straw and a lignin yield of 15.5% dry mass. Alongside delignification, there was a removal of hemicellulose, which led to an increase in cellulose content in the technical cellulose fraction. The SEM images revealed clear morphological changes in the biomass, suggesting that DES effectively cleaved the bonds between the lignin-carbohydrate complex. Conclusions: The study concluded that DES composed of choline chloride and oxalic acid is efficient for delignifying wheat straw, increasing the cellulose content in the technical cellulose fraction and providing insights into the structural changes through SEM analysis.

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the composition of lipophilic components of Caragana jubata (Pall.) Poir. and assess their inhibitory activity against the main protease (3CLpro) of SARS-CoV-2. Methods: The composition of lipophilic extracts from Caragana jubata was investigated using gas-liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (GC-MS). Various extraction methods were employed, including hexane, MTBE (methyl tert-butyl ether), and a combination of both. Extracts were tested for their inhibitory activity against 3CLpro, and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) was determined using a fluorescence-based protease assay. Results and Discussion: More than 200 lipophilic compounds were identified, including aliphatic, terpene, and sterol components. Among the extracts tested, the one obtained using MTBE after hexane extraction exhibited the highest inhibitory activity against the SARS-CoV-2 main protease, with an IC₅₀ of 0.05 ± 0.005 mg/mL. The composition of the extracts varied significantly in terms of both the quantity and type of components, with the MTBE extracts showing the most potent bioactivity. Conclusions: The study successfully identified a diverse array of lipophilic components in Caragana jubata, some of which exhibit promising inhibitory activity against the SARS-CoV-2 main protease. The results suggest that Caragana jubata extracts, particularly those obtained with MTBE after hexane extraction, may be a valuable resource for antiviral applications.

Objective: To study the accumulation and seasonal dynamics of glucofructans in the aerial parts of Allium species. Methods: Spectrophotometric analysis of oligo- and polyfructans in leaves and inflorescences of eight Allium species across different phenological phases. Results and Discussion: Polyfructans were high (6.9–10.1%) in spring leaves of A. jesdianum and A. victorialis, but dropped during active growth. In A. victorialis, polyfructans increased again in autumn leaves (9.7–11.8%), suggesting a cryoprotective role. Oligofructans increased during active growth (up to 18.9%), with highest levels in subgenera Melanocrommyum and Anguinum. Conclusions: Fructan content in Allium leaves is species-specific and phenophase-dependent. Taxonomic position affects oligofructan accumulation. High oligofructan content in certain species is promising for food and medicinal applications.