Journal de radiologie, d'electrologie, et de medecine nucleaire最新文献

Pigmented villonodular synovitis is a benign proliferation of the synovial membrane. Its pathogenesis is not well known. It results in an articular swelling without great pain. Its roentgenographic aspect is a combination of an opacity of soft tissue and epiphyseal damages, i.e. cortical erosions and lacunae surrounded by osteosclerosis. Hyperplasty of the synovial membrane is explicited by arthrography and arteriography. The authors report one case of pigmented villonodular synovitis in the carpus: that is an uncommon location of that disease which most often involves the knee.

A recent case has provided an opportunity for the observation of pseudomembranous colitis occurring after the ingestion of Clindamycine prescribed for a dental abscess. In this condition, the pathogenesis of which remains unclear, there is relative variability in the time taken for clinical signs to appear, as well as in their subsequent duration, but endoscopic and histological findings do however, in the particular context, frequently justify a sure diagnosis. Radiographic examination most often indicates a nonspecific inflammation. Curative treatment is essentially symptom oriented, while the prevention of such complications demands, in addition to close supervision of patients under this medication, particularly strict eclectism in the selection of indications for its administration.

The value of different radiological examinations in the diagnosis of left ventricular aneurysms following infarcts is assessed using the results obtained in 36 operated cases. By correlating radiological and surgical findings the orientation value of standard examinations can be determined: almost constant cardiomegaly, irregularity of the borders of the heart, and more rarely, myocardial calcification, are significant signs. The two essential examinations are ventriculography and coronarography. Ventriculography can demonstrate anatomical abnormalities (protrusion), or dynamic changes only (hypokinesia, akinesia, systolic expansion). This remarkably reliable examination showed a predominance of anterior and anterolateral aneurisms (87% of cases), and enables definition of the critical cardiac surface area (about 25%) above which the aneurysm is operable. Coronarography shows that the anterior interventricular artery (A.I.V.) is affected in a large proportion (90%) of aneurysms. These two examinations can be used to select those patients suitable for surgery. Results were good and only one death occurred. In the other cases, the disorders of rhythm were reduced and the manifestations of cardiac insufficiency disappeared.

Normal phylogenetic, embryologic, and morphologic characteristics of the temporo-maxillary joint in infants are reviewed. The principal techniques for radiological examinations are outlined, followed by a classification together with illustrations of the main pathological disorders affecting this joint in infants.

A fourth case of inferior mesenteric arteriovenous fistula of congenital origin is described by the authors, who also review the general characteristics of mesenteric (or portal) arteriovenous fistulae. Early clinical signs are hemorrhage from the digestive tract and chronic anemia. Endoscopy and barium X-rays are normal, and angiography is the only means of diagnosis. Surgical treatment is essential because of the risk of hemorrhages and portal hypertension.

Congenital malformations of the inferior vena cava are characterized by their diversity which is related to the complexity of the embryological development of this vessel. The authors review the embryogenesis and origin of the different segments of the inferior vena cava and describe the various types of malformation, including the causative embryological abnormality, ther frequency, possible clinical repercussions, and radiological aspects. Phlebocavography is essential for the identification of the various types of abnormality. Five different types of malformation are reported. Three of these are relatively rare (left inferior vena vaca, congenital membrane of the inferior vena cava, absence of the hepatic segment with continuation of the isolated azygos segment).

Ultrasonic patterns of bile ducts dilatation were studied in 199 cases. In the most recent series of obstructive jaundices (50 cases) examined with a high resolution machine, the diagnosis of dilatation was made in 92% of cases, the diagnostic of level of obstruction in 92% of cases, and the diagnosis of cause of obstruction in 61% of cases (but in 22 out of 23 jaundices due to a pancreatic lesion: 95%). No false positive diagnosis was made in non obstructive jaundice. Improved technology had a definite impact on the quality of results.