Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry最新文献

Two measures of self-concept, the Offer Self-image Questionnaire (OSIQ) and the Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB)-Introject, were administered to 30 hospitalized female adolescent anorexics. The OSIQ responses yielded a “mixed pattern” of self-concept as compared to normal subjects with good adjustment in some areas (e.g., morals, impulse control, educational goals) and very poor adjustment in others (e.g., emotional tone, body and self-image, sexual attitudes). This unusual OSIQ pattern appears to be unique to anorexics. The SASB-Introject found the anorexics to be self-restraining and self-attacking. However, what separated the anorexics from a normal reference group was not the level of self-restraint (both groups were high in this respect) but the intense intrapunitiveness of the anorexics. Comparing the two measures, good adjustment on the OSIQ scales was highly correlated with low self-attack on the SASB-Introject. Clinical and research implications of these findings are discussed.

Research on biopsychological and psychosocial factors associated with type I diabetes mellitus (“juvenile diabetes”) is examined. Biopsychological aspects of diabetes are discussed, including stress-neuroendocrine interactions, accurate assessment of diabetic control, theories regarding the onset of diabetes, and new data on the development of infants of diabetic mothers. The psychosocial context of diabetes mellitus research presently centers on issues of ego development, self-esteem, depression, and the measurement of adherence (compliance) behaviors. An integrative model is used within a biopsychosocial framework

Claims have been made that hyperactive children respond better to stimulant treatment if they have clinical indicators of neurological dysfunction. However, studies report conflicting results. The present placebo-controlled study examined the relationship between neurological abnormalities and stimulant medication efficacy in 80 pervasively hyperactive children. Treatment outcome measures, which were adjusted for both age and initial severity of the disorder, included teacher and psychiatric ratings. No evidence was found to indicate that clinical neurological status, including encephalographic and neurological soft signs, was predictive of drug responsivity.

This approach to time-limited psychotherapy with children is an adaptation of Mann's short-term model. It is a close-ended, theme-directed treatment with three distinct phases that include: opening phase, working through, and termination. The termination phase is subdivided into five stages: denial, bargaining, anger, sadness, and acceptance. Parental alliance is essential as it reduces the possibilities for both the child and the parents to undermine the treatment process. In this approach, intensified time permits the continued resolution of separation-individuation conflict that had impeded the normal developmental process. Successful termination results in a reaffirmation of the child's competence, while the parent, once again, resumes full responsibility for the child.

The study of cerebral dominance began as an esoteric field of inquiry to a few workers interested in behavior and has increasingly involved the thinking of investigators in many branches of science, including psychiatry, psychology, neurology and the neurosciences, education, and sociology. Recent advances have shown that cerebral dominance is deeply embedded in a biological process that affects not only behavior, but the constitution of the body as a whole. Furthermore, cerebral dominance is not uniquely human and pertains to the biology of non-human species, including other mammals, through amphibians and fishes. The purposes of this article are to review the anatomic basis and biological associations of cerebral dominance and to consider several working hypotheses related to the development of cerebral asymmetry and its manifestations.