The lumbar plexus is situated within the substance of the posterior part of psoas major muscle. It is formed by the ventral rami of the frist three nerves and greater part of the fourth lumbar nerve with or without a contribution from the ventral ramus of last thoracic nerve. The pattern of formation of lumbar plexus is altered if the plexus is prefixed (if the third lumbar is the lowest nerve which enters the lumbar plexus) or postfixed (if there is contribution from the 5 th lumbar nerve). The branches of the lumbar plexus may be injured during lumbar plexus block and certain surgical procedures, particularly in the lower abdominal region (appendectomy, inguinal hernia repair, iliac crest bone graft harvesting and gynecologic procedures through transverse incisions). Thus, a better knowledge of the regional anatomy and its variations is essential for preventing the lesions of the branches of the lumbar plexus.
{"title":"STUDY OF ANATOMICAL PATTERN OF LUMBAR PLEXUS IN HUMAN (CADAVERIC STUDY)","authors":"A. Elbana","doi":"10.21608/AJPS.2018.6633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/AJPS.2018.6633","url":null,"abstract":"The lumbar plexus is situated within the substance of the posterior part of psoas major muscle. It is formed by the ventral rami of the frist three nerves and greater part of the fourth lumbar nerve with or without a contribution from the ventral ramus of last thoracic nerve. The pattern of formation of lumbar plexus is altered if the plexus is prefixed (if the third lumbar is the lowest nerve which enters the lumbar plexus) or postfixed (if there is contribution from the 5 th lumbar nerve). The branches of the lumbar plexus may be injured during lumbar plexus block and certain surgical procedures, particularly in the lower abdominal region (appendectomy, inguinal hernia repair, iliac crest bone graft harvesting and gynecologic procedures through transverse incisions). Thus, a better knowledge of the regional anatomy and its variations is essential for preventing the lesions of the branches of the lumbar plexus.","PeriodicalId":7603,"journal":{"name":"Al-Azhar Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76891574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Four sensitive, simple and precise spectrophotometric methods for the simultaneous determination of brinzolamide (BRZ) and timolol maleate (TML) in their pharmaceutical formulation are developed and validated. Method A is the ratio difference spectrophotometric method (RDSM) which can measure the difference in amplitudes between 251 and 265 nm of ratio spectrum for brinzolamide and between 285 and 306 nm of ratio spectrum for timolol. Method B is the mean centering of ratio spectra method (MCR) by measuring the peak amplitude at 252 nm for brinzolamide and 304 nm for timolol. Method C is area under the curve (AUC) in which the area under the curves for brinzolamide and timolol were selected over the ranges of (260265) and (282-288) nm. Method D is the bivariate method (BVM) which depended on the quantitative evaluation of the absorbances at 265 and 285 nm, respectively. Beer’s Lambert’s law for the adopted methods were obeyed over the concentration range of 636 μg/mL for Brinzolamide and 6-42 μg/mL for Timolol. The obtained results were statistically compared with those obtained by the reported methods, showing no significant difference. The suggested methods were validated according to the ICH guidelines and were successfully applied for simultaneous determination of brinzolamide and timolol maleate in bulk drug and in their ophthalmic preparation.
{"title":"VALIDATED SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF BRINZOLAMIDE AND TIMOLOL MALEATE IN THEIR PURE FORM AND OPHTHALMIC PREPARATION","authors":"M. Eissa","doi":"10.21608/AJPS.2018.6643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/AJPS.2018.6643","url":null,"abstract":"Four sensitive, simple and precise spectrophotometric methods for the simultaneous determination of brinzolamide (BRZ) and timolol maleate (TML) in their pharmaceutical formulation are developed and validated. Method A is the ratio difference spectrophotometric method (RDSM) which can measure the difference in amplitudes between 251 and 265 nm of ratio spectrum for brinzolamide and between 285 and 306 nm of ratio spectrum for timolol. Method B is the mean centering of ratio spectra method (MCR) by measuring the peak amplitude at 252 nm for brinzolamide and 304 nm for timolol. Method C is area under the curve (AUC) in which the area under the curves for brinzolamide and timolol were selected over the ranges of (260265) and (282-288) nm. Method D is the bivariate method (BVM) which depended on the quantitative evaluation of the absorbances at 265 and 285 nm, respectively. Beer’s Lambert’s law for the adopted methods were obeyed over the concentration range of 636 μg/mL for Brinzolamide and 6-42 μg/mL for Timolol. The obtained results were statistically compared with those obtained by the reported methods, showing no significant difference. The suggested methods were validated according to the ICH guidelines and were successfully applied for simultaneous determination of brinzolamide and timolol maleate in bulk drug and in their ophthalmic preparation.","PeriodicalId":7603,"journal":{"name":"Al-Azhar Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85773541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Breast cancer is the most worldwide frequent invasive tumor diagnosed in women. No single genomic or metabolic condition can be regarded as decisive for its progression. Whoever, few key players can be pointed out among them the tumor suppressor p53, one of the most frequent mutated gene in human malignances. The current study aimed to explore the influence of p53 mutation in the regulation of metabolic, apoptotic and oxidant/antioxidant pathways in breast cancer. In the present study, tumor specimens were obtained from 40 women in different grades of primary breast carcinoma. Another 10 non-malignant (marginal) breast tissue samples were used as controls. Both mutant p53 (mutp53) and Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) proteins were assessed by Western blotting, while the mRNA levels of both the proapoptotic caspase-3 and the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 were assessed by RT-PCR. The breast tissue levels of MDA, NO and GSH besides SOD activity were assayed calorimetrically. Results: Our results revealed that the tumor associated mutp53 overexpression is accompanied on the one hand by Bcl-2 up-regulation and caspase-3 downregulation reflecting a dysfunctional apoptosis. On the other hand, excessive mutp53 was associated with GAPDH redundant-expression indicating an increased glycolysis. Significant disruptions in the oxidant/antioxidant balance were also coincided with tumor-inherent p53 mutation. Conclusion: Our findings concluded that p53 mutation in breast cancer could not only perturb the tumor suppressive potential of the wild type p53 (wtp53) but also could induce dominant-negative effects over its apoptotic and metabolic functions besides its endeavor in oxidant/antioxidant equilibrium. This overview could have valuable clinical applications in establishing novel strategies for cancer therapy.
{"title":"IMPLICATION OF P53 MUTATION IN THE DYSREGULATION OF METABOLIC, APOPTOTIC AND OXIDANT/ANTIOXIDANT EQUILIBRIUM IN BREAST CANCER","authors":"M. Abd-Elaziz","doi":"10.21608/AJPS.2018.6632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/AJPS.2018.6632","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer is the most worldwide frequent invasive tumor diagnosed in women. No single genomic or metabolic condition can be regarded as decisive for its progression. Whoever, few key players can be pointed out among them the tumor suppressor p53, one of the most frequent mutated gene in human malignances. The current study aimed to explore the influence of p53 mutation in the regulation of metabolic, apoptotic and oxidant/antioxidant pathways in breast cancer. In the present study, tumor specimens were obtained from 40 women in different grades of primary breast carcinoma. Another 10 non-malignant (marginal) breast tissue samples were used as controls. Both mutant p53 (mutp53) and Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) proteins were assessed by Western blotting, while the mRNA levels of both the proapoptotic caspase-3 and the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 were assessed by RT-PCR. The breast tissue levels of MDA, NO and GSH besides SOD activity were assayed calorimetrically. Results: Our results revealed that the tumor associated mutp53 overexpression is accompanied on the one hand by Bcl-2 up-regulation and caspase-3 downregulation reflecting a dysfunctional apoptosis. On the other hand, excessive mutp53 was associated with GAPDH redundant-expression indicating an increased glycolysis. Significant disruptions in the oxidant/antioxidant balance were also coincided with tumor-inherent p53 mutation. Conclusion: Our findings concluded that p53 mutation in breast cancer could not only perturb the tumor suppressive potential of the wild type p53 (wtp53) but also could induce dominant-negative effects over its apoptotic and metabolic functions besides its endeavor in oxidant/antioxidant equilibrium. This overview could have valuable clinical applications in establishing novel strategies for cancer therapy.","PeriodicalId":7603,"journal":{"name":"Al-Azhar Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84730920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) were developed for the treatment of high blood pressure to antagonize increased angiotensin II-dependent vasoconstriction. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether irbesartan had beneficial effects on the reduction of prostate weight in a rat model of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Benign prostatic hyperplasia was induced by subcutaneous injections of testosterone enanthate for four weeks in albino rats, and rats were treated with or without oral doses of irbesartan (10,20 and 40mg/kg) for five consecutive days per week for four successive weeks during BPH induction. After 4 weeks, the protein abundance of nuclear factor kappa-B was assessed immunohistochemically in the prostate tissue taken from the different treatment groups. The irbesartan (40 mg/kg)-treated group showed a significant decrease in prostate weight, prostate index and nuclear factor kappa-B abundance compared to the non-treated BPH group. These results show that irbesartan is effective in decreasing the weight and proliferation of the prostate, and suggest that irbesartan may be an effective treatment for BPH.
{"title":"A STUDY SHOWING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF IRBESARTAN IN THE TREATMENT OF BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA","authors":"Z. Hussein","doi":"10.21608/AJPS.2018.6639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/AJPS.2018.6639","url":null,"abstract":"Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) were developed for the treatment of high blood pressure to antagonize increased angiotensin II-dependent vasoconstriction. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether irbesartan had beneficial effects on the reduction of prostate weight in a rat model of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Benign prostatic hyperplasia was induced by subcutaneous injections of testosterone enanthate for four weeks in albino rats, and rats were treated with or without oral doses of irbesartan (10,20 and 40mg/kg) for five consecutive days per week for four successive weeks during BPH induction. After 4 weeks, the protein abundance of nuclear factor kappa-B was assessed immunohistochemically in the prostate tissue taken from the different treatment groups. The irbesartan (40 mg/kg)-treated group showed a significant decrease in prostate weight, prostate index and nuclear factor kappa-B abundance compared to the non-treated BPH group. These results show that irbesartan is effective in decreasing the weight and proliferation of the prostate, and suggest that irbesartan may be an effective treatment for BPH.","PeriodicalId":7603,"journal":{"name":"Al-Azhar Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86611723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background Cholinesterase inhibitors are used for symptomatic treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease. These drugs have vagomimetic and anti-inflammatory properties that could be of interest also with respect to cardiovascular diseases. Aim The aim of the present work is to assess effects of pretreatment with donepezil hydrochloride, one of cholinesterase inhibitors, on acute myocardial infarction induced by coronary artery ligation in rats. Methods Rats were randomly divided into control, sham-operated, untreated-myocardial infarction, and donepezil hydrochloride-pretreated myocardial infarction groups. Donepezil hydrochloride was administered orally, 1mg/kg/day, for six days then acute myocardial infarction was induced in 6th day by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. ECG and blood pressure were recorded. Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) stained ventricular slices were examined. The plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) were assessed. Catalase activity and glutathione levels in the myocardium were determined. Results Coronary artery ligation increased T-wave voltage with appearance of pathological Q-wave, tachycardia, decreased mean arterial pressure and pale areas (infarcts) in TTC-stained ventricular slices. The plasma levels of TNF-α and cTnI were increased while the myocardial catalase activity and glutathione levels were decreased. In donepezil hydrochloride-pretreated group T-wave voltage and heart rate were decreased and pathological Q-wave disappeared with decrements in infarct size and plasma levels of TNF-α as well as cTnI, while catalase activity and glutathione levels were increased in relation to untreated myocardial infarction group. Conclusion Pretreatment with donepezil hydrochloride decreased myocardial infarct size. This effect could be related to its negative chronotropic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant actions.
{"title":"DONEPEZIL HYDROCHLORIDE MITIGATES CONSEQUENCES OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN MALE ALBINO RATS","authors":"A. Abdelsameea","doi":"10.21608/AJPS.2018.6629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/AJPS.2018.6629","url":null,"abstract":"Background \u0000Cholinesterase inhibitors are used for symptomatic treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease. These drugs have vagomimetic and anti-inflammatory properties that could be of interest also with respect to cardiovascular diseases. \u0000Aim \u0000The aim of the present work is to assess effects of pretreatment with donepezil hydrochloride, one of cholinesterase inhibitors, on acute myocardial infarction induced by coronary artery ligation in rats. \u0000Methods \u0000Rats were randomly divided into control, sham-operated, untreated-myocardial infarction, and donepezil hydrochloride-pretreated myocardial infarction groups. Donepezil hydrochloride was administered orally, 1mg/kg/day, for six days then acute myocardial infarction was induced in 6th day by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. ECG and blood pressure were recorded. Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) stained ventricular slices were examined. The plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) were assessed. Catalase activity and glutathione levels in the myocardium were determined. \u0000Results \u0000Coronary artery ligation increased T-wave voltage with appearance of pathological Q-wave, tachycardia, decreased mean arterial pressure and pale areas (infarcts) in TTC-stained ventricular slices. The plasma levels of TNF-α and cTnI were increased while the myocardial catalase activity and glutathione levels were decreased. In donepezil hydrochloride-pretreated group T-wave voltage and heart rate were decreased and pathological Q-wave disappeared with decrements in infarct size and plasma levels of TNF-α as well as cTnI, while catalase activity and glutathione levels were increased in relation to untreated myocardial infarction group. \u0000Conclusion \u0000Pretreatment with donepezil hydrochloride decreased myocardial infarct size. This effect could be related to its negative chronotropic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant actions.","PeriodicalId":7603,"journal":{"name":"Al-Azhar Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89083821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To assess the therapeutic effect of combining of Carvedilol and Q10 on electrocardiographic, biochemical and histopathological changes in isoprenaline induced myocardial infarction. Methods: Myocardial infarction was induced in rats by subcutaneous (s.c) injection of isoprenaline (85mg/kg) for two consecutive days at an interval of 24 h. Rats were treated orally (p.o) with Carvedilol at dose (5 mg/kg/day) and Q10 at dose (10 mg/kg/day) for a period of 14 days. At the end of experiment electrocardiographic, biochemical and histopathological changes were monitored from control and experimental groups. Results: ISP intoxicated rats showed a significant tachycardia , elevation ST and prolongation of QTc (i.e. ST, QTc & HR) due to conduction abnormalities, increased serum creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB (CK-MB) Treatment with Carv+Q10 significantly improved the ISP induced alteration in ECG, biochemical and histopathological changes. Conclusions: The present result shows that treatment with Carv+Q10 significantly attenuates myocardial infarction in ISPintoxicated rats.
{"title":"THE EFFECTS OF CARVEDILOL AND Q10 ON ISOPRENALINE-INDUCED CARDIOTOXICITY: ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC, BIOCHEMICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EVALUATION IN RATS.","authors":"N. Elshourbagy","doi":"10.21608/ajps.2018.6640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ajps.2018.6640","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To assess the therapeutic effect of combining of Carvedilol and Q10 on electrocardiographic, biochemical and histopathological changes in isoprenaline induced myocardial infarction. Methods: Myocardial infarction was induced in rats by subcutaneous (s.c) injection of isoprenaline (85mg/kg) for two consecutive days at an interval of 24 h. Rats were treated orally (p.o) with Carvedilol at dose (5 mg/kg/day) and Q10 at dose (10 mg/kg/day) for a period of 14 days. At the end of experiment electrocardiographic, biochemical and histopathological changes were monitored from control and experimental groups. Results: ISP intoxicated rats showed a significant tachycardia , elevation ST and prolongation of QTc (i.e. ST, QTc & HR) due to conduction abnormalities, increased serum creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB (CK-MB) Treatment with Carv+Q10 significantly improved the ISP induced alteration in ECG, biochemical and histopathological changes. Conclusions: The present result shows that treatment with Carv+Q10 significantly attenuates myocardial infarction in ISPintoxicated rats.","PeriodicalId":7603,"journal":{"name":"Al-Azhar Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77027865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a severe condition and a major cause of death and disability, particularly in young adults. Traumatic brain injury invokes a complex inflammatory, oxidative and apoptotic responses. The present experimental study was designed to assess the effect of combination treatment of curcumin and candesartan on TBI in mice. Mice were classified into six groups (Sham, TBI and TBI post-treated with vehicle, curcumin, candesartan or combination of curcumin + candesartan for 7 days), n=12 each. Mice were anesthetized and then placed under a weight-drop device.The animals were killed by cervical dislocation, brains were rapidly isolated and homogenized. Traumatic brain injury group showed significant increment in MDA, TNF-Alpha, caspase-3 as compared to sham group and these effects were significantly ameliorated by curcumin, candesartan or their combination treatment. Also total antioxidant capacity (TAC) decreased markedly in the TBI group and increased significantly by concurrent treatment with curcumin &/or candesartan. Furthermore, histopathological examination confirmed these findings. Collectively these findings indicate that curcumin and candesartan have potential anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and antioxidant effects. Accordingly, curcumin or candesartan might be employed as a therapeutic agent for TBI and their combination succeeded in adding better effects than the individual drugs.
{"title":"EFFECT OF COMBINATION TREATMENT OF CANDESARTAN AND CURCUMIN ON TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY IN MICE","authors":"Sarah A Baraka","doi":"10.21608/AJPS.2018.6634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/AJPS.2018.6634","url":null,"abstract":"Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a severe condition and a major cause of death and disability, particularly in young adults. Traumatic brain injury invokes a complex inflammatory, oxidative and apoptotic responses. The present experimental study was designed to assess the effect of combination treatment of curcumin and candesartan on TBI in mice. Mice were classified into six groups (Sham, TBI and TBI post-treated with vehicle, curcumin, candesartan or combination of curcumin + candesartan for 7 days), n=12 each. Mice were anesthetized and then placed under a weight-drop device.The animals were killed by cervical dislocation, brains were rapidly isolated and homogenized. Traumatic brain injury group showed significant increment in MDA, TNF-Alpha, caspase-3 as compared to sham group and these effects were significantly ameliorated by curcumin, candesartan or their combination treatment. Also total antioxidant capacity (TAC) decreased markedly in the TBI group and increased significantly by concurrent treatment with curcumin &/or candesartan. Furthermore, histopathological examination confirmed these findings. Collectively these findings indicate that curcumin and candesartan have potential anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and antioxidant effects. Accordingly, curcumin or candesartan might be employed as a therapeutic agent for TBI and their combination succeeded in adding better effects than the individual drugs.","PeriodicalId":7603,"journal":{"name":"Al-Azhar Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91212069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Five flavonoid compounds; 5, 5`-dihydroxy-3, 6, 7, 3`, 4`-penta-methoxyflavone( Azazieh H et al., 2010 ); 5-hydroxy-3, 6, 7, 3`, 4`, 5`-hexa-methoxy-flavone (Balandrin et al., 1993); 5, 7,4` tri-hydroxy-flavone[Apigenin]( Mukherjee et al., 2003 ); 5, 7, 4`-tri-hydroxy-6-methoxy-flavone[6-methoxy-apigenin] (Verma & Singh, 2008 );Apigenin-4`-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (Metcalfe & Chalk, 1970 ).In addition to threepentacyclic triterpinoids; -Lup-20(29)-en-3-ol[Lupeol] (Baily, 1960 ) -Lup20(29)-en-3,28-diol [Betulin] (Kirtikar & Basu, 1975 ), and ursolic acid-3-O-Dglucopyranoside (Hortus, 1976) were isolated from the ethyl acetatesoluble fraction of the 70 % ethanolic extract of Ixora finlaysoniana. The structures of these compounds were determined by extensive use of UV, ESI-MS, and NMR spectroscopy. The Ethyl acetate fraction and its individual components showed significant antiradical activity by bleaching 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical SC% ranging from (81.63 to 52.68 %) which was comparable to ascorbic acid (SC%72.55) and BHT (SC% 58.82).
{"title":"PHYTOCHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF IXORA FINLAYSONIANA WALL. EX. G. DON. GROWING IN EGYPT.","authors":"M. Shawky","doi":"10.21608/AJPS.2018.6635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/AJPS.2018.6635","url":null,"abstract":"Five flavonoid compounds; 5, 5`-dihydroxy-3, 6, 7, 3`, 4`-penta-methoxyflavone( Azazieh H et al., 2010 ); 5-hydroxy-3, 6, 7, 3`, 4`, 5`-hexa-methoxy-flavone (Balandrin et al., 1993); 5, 7,4` tri-hydroxy-flavone[Apigenin]( Mukherjee et al., 2003 ); 5, 7, 4`-tri-hydroxy-6-methoxy-flavone[6-methoxy-apigenin] (Verma & Singh, 2008 );Apigenin-4`-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (Metcalfe & Chalk, 1970 ).In addition to threepentacyclic triterpinoids; -Lup-20(29)-en-3-ol[Lupeol] (Baily, 1960 ) -Lup20(29)-en-3,28-diol [Betulin] (Kirtikar & Basu, 1975 ), and ursolic acid-3-O-Dglucopyranoside (Hortus, 1976) were isolated from the ethyl acetatesoluble fraction of the 70 % ethanolic extract of Ixora finlaysoniana. The structures of these compounds were determined by extensive use of UV, ESI-MS, and NMR spectroscopy. The Ethyl acetate fraction and its individual components showed significant antiradical activity by bleaching 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical SC% ranging from (81.63 to 52.68 %) which was comparable to ascorbic acid (SC%72.55) and BHT (SC% 58.82).","PeriodicalId":7603,"journal":{"name":"Al-Azhar Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90352433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hepatitis poses a significant health issue worldwide as it may progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The crucial role of liver in different metabolic and synthetic functions of the body stimulates researchers to continually explore and develop different hepatoprotective drugs. The present study was designed to assess the potential hepatoprotective effect of deferasirox (DFX) in a rat model of acute liver injury induced by concanavalin A (Con A) at a dose of 20 mg/kg intravenously dissolved in normal saline solution. The hepatoprotective effect of DFX was screened at the doses (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) via assessing the hepatotoxicity indices and histopathological examination. DFX at a dose of 100 mg/kg was the most effective in preventing the rise in activities of hepatotoxicity serum markers; alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) enzymes and histopathologic changes induced by con A.
{"title":"HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF DEFERASIROX IN CONCANAVALIN A-INDUCED ACUTE LIVER INJURY IN RATS","authors":"N. Adel","doi":"10.21608/AJPS.2018.6636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/AJPS.2018.6636","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatitis poses a significant health issue worldwide as it may progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The crucial role of liver in different metabolic and synthetic functions of the body stimulates researchers to continually explore and develop different hepatoprotective drugs. The present study was designed to assess the potential hepatoprotective effect of deferasirox (DFX) in a rat model of acute liver injury induced by concanavalin A (Con A) at a dose of 20 mg/kg intravenously dissolved in normal saline solution. The hepatoprotective effect of DFX was screened at the doses (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) via assessing the hepatotoxicity indices and histopathological examination. DFX at a dose of 100 mg/kg was the most effective in preventing the rise in activities of hepatotoxicity serum markers; alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) enzymes and histopathologic changes induced by con A.","PeriodicalId":7603,"journal":{"name":"Al-Azhar Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84076159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Spectrophotometric methods were introduced for the simultaneous determination of Amoxicillin (AMX) and flucloxacillin(FLX) in their pure forms and capsules pharmaceutical formulations. The first method was ratio difference (RD), in which the amplitude difference between 238 and 255 nm for AMX and between 254 and 238 nm for FLX were measured.The second one was mean centering of ratio spectra (MCR) in which the peak amplitude at 286nm for the determination of AMX and the peak amplitude at 236 nm for the estimation of FLX were measured. The third method was Area under the curve (AUC) where the range of 226 and 236 nm were adopted for AMX determination and of 240 and 247 nm for FLX determination. All of the previous methods were successfully used for quantitation of AMX and FLX in concentration ranges of 5-50µg/ml and 10-70µg/ml, respectively by RD and MCR methods and of 10-60µg/ml and 10-70µg/ml, respectively for AMX and FLX by AUC method. All of the developed methods were validated using ICH guidelines and statistically compared to a reported method. The adopted methods can be applied for the regular analysis of AMX and FLX mixture in QC laboratories.
{"title":"UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF AMOXICILLIN AND FLUCLOXACILLIN.","authors":"M. Eissa","doi":"10.21608/AJPS.2018.6642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/AJPS.2018.6642","url":null,"abstract":"Spectrophotometric methods were introduced for the simultaneous determination of Amoxicillin (AMX) and flucloxacillin(FLX) in their pure forms and capsules pharmaceutical formulations. The first method was ratio difference (RD), in which the amplitude difference between 238 and 255 nm for AMX and between 254 and 238 nm for FLX were measured.The second one was mean centering of ratio spectra (MCR) in which the peak amplitude at 286nm for the determination of AMX and the peak amplitude at 236 nm for the estimation of FLX were measured. The third method was Area under the curve (AUC) where the range of 226 and 236 nm were adopted for AMX determination and of 240 and 247 nm for FLX determination. All of the previous methods were successfully used for quantitation of AMX and FLX in concentration ranges of 5-50µg/ml and 10-70µg/ml, respectively by RD and MCR methods and of 10-60µg/ml and 10-70µg/ml, respectively for AMX and FLX by AUC method. All of the developed methods were validated using ICH guidelines and statistically compared to a reported method. The adopted methods can be applied for the regular analysis of AMX and FLX mixture in QC laboratories.","PeriodicalId":7603,"journal":{"name":"Al-Azhar Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86538567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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