Elina Siirola, Fabian Eggimann, Charles Moore, Kirsten Schroer, Alexandra Vargas, Theo Peschke, Thierry Schlama, Radka Snajdrova
The fortieth anniversary of biocatalysis started at Ciba-Geigy and later at Novartis is a great time to pause and reflect on development of science and technology in this field. Enzyme-based synthesis became a highly valued enabling tool for pharmaceutical research and development over the last decades. In this perspective we aim to discuss how the scientific approaches and trends evolved over the time and present future challenges and opportunities.
{"title":"Evolution of Biocatalysis at Novartis over the last 40 Years.","authors":"Elina Siirola, Fabian Eggimann, Charles Moore, Kirsten Schroer, Alexandra Vargas, Theo Peschke, Thierry Schlama, Radka Snajdrova","doi":"10.2533/chimia.2023.376","DOIUrl":"10.2533/chimia.2023.376","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The fortieth anniversary of biocatalysis started at Ciba-Geigy and later at Novartis is a great time to pause and reflect on development of science and technology in this field. Enzyme-based synthesis became a highly valued enabling tool for pharmaceutical research and development over the last decades. In this perspective we aim to discuss how the scientific approaches and trends evolved over the time and present future challenges and opportunities.</p>","PeriodicalId":76059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Naval Medical Service","volume":"49 1","pages":"376-383"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86391392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-03eCollection Date: 2022-06-01DOI: 10.3390/neurosci3020018
Jennifer Mather
Temporality is one of the criteria that Birch has advanced for areas of cognitive ability that may underlie animal sentience. An ability to integrate and use information across time must be more than simply learning pieces of information and retrieving them. This paper looks at such wider use of information by octopuses across time. It evaluates accumulation of information about one's place in space, as used across immediate egocentric localization by cuttlefish and medium distance navigation in octopuses. Information about useful items in the environment can be incorporated for future use by octopuses, including for shelter in antipredator situations. Finding prey is not random but can be predicted by environmental cues, especially by cuttlefish about future contingencies. Finally, the paper examines unlimited associative learning and constraints on learning, and the ability of cephalopods to explore and seek out information, even by play, for future use.
{"title":"The Case for Octopus Consciousness: Temporality.","authors":"Jennifer Mather","doi":"10.3390/neurosci3020018","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurosci3020018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Temporality is one of the criteria that Birch has advanced for areas of cognitive ability that may underlie animal sentience. An ability to integrate and use information across time must be more than simply learning pieces of information and retrieving them. This paper looks at such wider use of information by octopuses across time. It evaluates accumulation of information about one's place in space, as used across immediate egocentric localization by cuttlefish and medium distance navigation in octopuses. Information about useful items in the environment can be incorporated for future use by octopuses, including for shelter in antipredator situations. Finding prey is not random but can be predicted by environmental cues, especially by cuttlefish about future contingencies. Finally, the paper examines unlimited associative learning and constraints on learning, and the ability of cephalopods to explore and seek out information, even by play, for future use.</p>","PeriodicalId":76059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Naval Medical Service","volume":"1 1","pages":"245-261"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11523685/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86430818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-01Epub Date: 2019-11-04DOI: 10.1007/s12630-019-01518-1
Lin Chen, Shuai Xu
{"title":"Lidocaine lubricants for intubation-related complications: more details, more significance?","authors":"Lin Chen, Shuai Xu","doi":"10.1007/s12630-019-01518-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12630-019-01518-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Naval Medical Service","volume":"1 1","pages":"392-393"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12630-019-01518-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86430888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-01DOI: 10.4168/aair.2019.11.6.757
Young Hyo Kim
{"title":"Establishing a Therapeutic Strategy Targeting NF-κB in Asian Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps.","authors":"Young Hyo Kim","doi":"10.4168/aair.2019.11.6.757","DOIUrl":"10.4168/aair.2019.11.6.757","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Naval Medical Service","volume":"1 1","pages":"757-759"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6761078/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86326958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The daily energy requirements for specialist military troops can reach 5000 kcal during training and wartime deployment. Maintaining energy balance is important for health and physical and mental performance in this population, who can effectively be considered as high-performance endurance athletes. In the sporting world, a balanced diet consisting of 50-60% carbohydrate (CHO), 20-25% protein and 25-30% fat is recommended for these athletes. CHO intake is regarded as a key dietary constituent, as this substrate provides the sole fuel source during high-intensity exercise. However, achieving such high CHO intake rates can be challenging for military personnel, especially in the field. In sports nutrition, athletes commonly use dietary CHO supplements to reduce this deficit. There may be lessons and insight from nutrition and metabolism in sport that could provide Royal Marines, Medical Officers and other embedded medical professionals with strategies to increase CHO intake during intense training or combat situations. This review will highlight the exercise demands of infantry soldiering, will suggest supplementary strategies to increase CHO intake, in addition to dietary intake, and will describe the metabolic effects of CHO ingestion during prolonged activity in the context of military exercise.
{"title":"Military combat movements and exercises: is there a role for adopting\u0000 sports nutrition carbohydrate recommendations during exercise?","authors":"A. King, A. Mellor, J. O’Hara","doi":"10.1136/jrnms-105-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jrnms-105-34","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The daily energy requirements for specialist military troops can reach\u0000 5000 kcal during training and wartime deployment. Maintaining energy balance\u0000 is important for health and physical and mental performance in this\u0000 population, who can effectively be considered as high-performance endurance\u0000 athletes. In the sporting world, a balanced diet consisting of 50-60%\u0000 carbohydrate (CHO), 20-25% protein and 25-30% fat is recommended for these\u0000 athletes. CHO intake is regarded as a key dietary constituent, as this\u0000 substrate provides the sole fuel source during high-intensity exercise.\u0000 However, achieving such high CHO intake rates can be challenging for\u0000 military personnel, especially in the field. In sports nutrition, athletes\u0000 commonly use dietary CHO supplements to reduce this deficit. There may be\u0000 lessons and insight from nutrition and metabolism in sport that could\u0000 provide Royal Marines, Medical Officers and other embedded medical\u0000 professionals with strategies to increase CHO intake during intense training\u0000 or combat situations.\u0000 This review will highlight the exercise demands of infantry soldiering,\u0000 will suggest supplementary strategies to increase CHO intake, in addition to\u0000 dietary intake, and will describe the metabolic effects of CHO ingestion\u0000 during prolonged activity in the context of military exercise.","PeriodicalId":76059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Naval Medical Service","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45299275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"50 years of working at INM – a personal reflection","authors":"G. Young","doi":"10.1136/jrnms-105-133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jrnms-105-133","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Naval Medical Service","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64206912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Respiratory problems account for 10% of inflight medical emergencies; this is usually due to the acute physiological stress induced by hypobaric hypoxia on board aircraft. During a typical commercial flight, the cabin pressure is the equivalent of breathing 15% oxygen at sea level, as opposed to 21% (~ 15.2 kPa versus 21.2 kPa FiO2). The response to this hypobaric hypoxia is mediated by the autonomic nervous system; it is characterised by an increased rate and depth of breathing, mild tachycardia, and hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Patients who are able to walk 50 metres without developing shortness of breath are generally “fit to fly” from a respiratory perspective, and those with resolved pneumonia may fly if they are clinically stable. Military patients with asthma and COPD are generally safe to fly, as they must have stable airways disease to remain medically fit for service. A recent or unresolved pneumothorax is an absolute contraindication to air travel. Other absolute contraindications for air travel include tuberculosis, major haemoptysis and an oxygen requirement of ≥4 l/min. If there is any doubt regarding a patient’s fitness to fly, an opinion from a respiratory physician should be sought. All patients flying with a respiratory condition must carry their medications onboard, have up-to-date vaccinations and seek advice from their doctor should they have any concerns over their fitness to fly. This review article will explore the effect of air travel on the respiratory diseases most likely to be seen in the UK military population: airways disease (COPD and asthma), respiratory infections, pneumothorax, and spontaneous pulmonary embolism.
{"title":"Armed Forces personnel flying with respiratory disease: am I fit to\u0000 fly?","authors":"P. Minnis, G. Stait","doi":"10.1136/jrnms-105-176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jrnms-105-176","url":null,"abstract":"Respiratory problems account for 10% of inflight medical emergencies; this is usually due to the acute physiological stress induced by hypobaric hypoxia on board aircraft. During a typical commercial flight, the cabin pressure is the equivalent of breathing 15% oxygen at sea level, as opposed to 21% (~ 15.2 kPa versus 21.2 kPa FiO2). The response to this hypobaric hypoxia is mediated by the autonomic nervous system; it is characterised by an increased rate and depth of breathing, mild tachycardia, and hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Patients who are able to walk 50 metres without developing shortness of breath are generally “fit to fly” from a respiratory perspective, and those with resolved pneumonia may fly if they are clinically stable. Military patients with asthma and COPD are generally safe to fly, as they must have stable airways disease to remain medically fit for service. A recent or unresolved pneumothorax is an absolute contraindication to air travel. Other absolute contraindications for air travel include tuberculosis, major haemoptysis and an oxygen requirement of ≥4 l/min. If there is any doubt regarding a patient’s fitness to fly, an opinion from a respiratory physician should be sought. All patients flying with a respiratory condition must carry their medications onboard, have up-to-date vaccinations and seek advice from their doctor should they have any concerns over their fitness to fly. This review article will explore the effect of air travel on the respiratory diseases most likely to be seen in the UK military population: airways disease (COPD and asthma), respiratory infections, pneumothorax, and spontaneous pulmonary embolism.","PeriodicalId":76059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Naval Medical Service","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64206994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
James Pearse was the most distinguished English military surgeon of the late 17th century. He established the basic principles of naval surgical care and was a notable innovator and administrator during the Second and Third Dutch wars. He was a friend and colleague of Samuel Pepys, a courtier, a gossip and a royal confidant. His work, though now largely forgotten, had a profound influence on the development of the Royal Naval Medical Service during the following two centuries.
{"title":"Care and Diligence - the professional life of James Pearse, sea surgeon,\u0000 courtier and the founder of naval medicine","authors":"C. P. Willoughby","doi":"10.1136/jrnms-105-202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jrnms-105-202","url":null,"abstract":"James Pearse was the most distinguished English military surgeon of the late 17th century. He established the basic principles of naval surgical care and was a notable innovator and administrator during the Second and Third Dutch wars. He was a friend and colleague of Samuel Pepys, a courtier, a gossip and a royal confidant. His work, though now largely forgotten, had a profound influence on the development of the Royal Naval Medical Service during the following two centuries.","PeriodicalId":76059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Naval Medical Service","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jrnms-105-202","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64207023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The use of BETTS as part of the assessment of closed globe injury within\u0000 the concept of prolonged field care.","authors":"J. Lowe","doi":"10.1136/jrnms-105-218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jrnms-105-218","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Naval Medical Service","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64207187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"INM 50 Garden Party","authors":"","doi":"10.1136/jrnms-105-228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jrnms-105-228","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76059,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Naval Medical Service","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64207359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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