Advances in Traditional Medicine最新文献

Gojihva or Gaozaban, an Ayurvedic and Unani medicinal plant, is a commercially important drug with a controversial botanical origin. Onosma bracteata, officially considered Gojihva in India, has very few scientific validations of traditional claims, and few attempts have been made to standardise the plant. The successive extracts were screened for in vitro DPPH assay and hepatoprotective activities (HepG2 cells) to evaluate the traditional claim of vishaghna - antitoxic. The methanol extract has the highest antioxidant capacity of 88.48 ± 0.00% at a concentration of 62.5 µg/mL. The methanol extract at a concentration of 125 µg/mL and above exhibited significant protection against paracetamol and carbon tetrachloride-induced toxicity compared to the control group and other extracts. The caffeic acid and β-sitosterol were isolated from methanol extract, with the latter being reported for the first time. A high-performance thin layer chromatography method was developed for estimating two compounds. The content of caffeic acid and β-sitosterol was found to be 19.06 mg/100 g and 40.42 mg/100 g of the plant material, respectively. Our studies have validated the hepatoprotective property and established quality parameters that are useful for standardisation of O. bracteata and distinguishing it from the other species of Gojihva.

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Rice has been reported to possess a variety of biological activities and non-colored rice demonstrates the activities less potent than colored rice. Pathum Thani fragrant rice is new strain non-colored Thai rice that become highly consumed rice. Due to less potent activity, an increase in activity of the non-colored rice is needed to perform. Cereals are rich in active compounds and exhibit a number of activities. To verify whether combination with cereals could enhance the activities of the non colored rice, therefore this study was carried out to determine chemical components, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of ethanol extracts from Pathum Thani fragrant rice both individual and combination with cereals, compared to those from Black rice. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 32, 48, 63, and 66 chemicals in the ethanol extracts from Pathum Thani fragrant rice extract (PTRE), Pathum Thani fragrant rice extract combined with cereals (PTRCE), Black rice extract (BRE), and Black rice extract combined with cereals (BRCE), respectively. The docking study showed that 9-Octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z)-, one of the predominant chemicals in the extracts interacted in the active site pocket of α-glucosidase and α-amylase. PTRE exhibited antioxidant activity by DPPH scavenging activity and antidiabetic activity by inhibiting α-glucosidase activity, increasing body weight and serum insulin levels and reducing blood glucose levels in STZ diabetic rats. Interestingly, PTRCE exerted higher affective activities higher compared to PTRE. The results indicate that Pathum Thani fragrant rice can be enhanced the activities and developed as a therapeutic agent for management of free radical-related diseases and diabetes mellitus, by combination with cereals.

This study aimed to establish anti-diarrhoea agents, through in vivo and in silico molecular modelling from the phytoconstituents of Citrullus colocynthis ethanol fruit pulp extract (CCEFPE). The crystal structure of µ (mu) opioid and aquaporin 4 (AQP4) receptors were retrieved from the RCSB database, while the identified compounds from C. colocynthis ethanol fruit pulp extract were sequentially docked via Schrödinger suite. In CCEFPE in vivo anti-diarrhoea studies, control received distilled water (2 mL/kg, p.o.), diarrhoea was administered with castor oil or MgSO₄ (2 mL/kg, p.o.), standard drug was administered 2 mg/kg, p.o. loperamide, while CCEFPE (50, 100 and 150 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered to the treated groups. Seven hit compounds out of which 54 displayed relatively higher free binding energy for mu opioid and AQP4. Swiss ADME predicted compounds 54 to be blood–brain impermeant, have low gastrointestinal absorption, strong druglike-ness, and safety profile among the hits. In the in vivo study, the onset of diarrhoea was significantly (p < 0.05) delayed by CCEFPE. A significant reduction (p < 0.05) in gastrointestinal motility, enteropooling and PGE₂ in diarrhoea-induced groups was also observed after CCEFPE administration. Compound 54, even though it has drug-like properties, displayed a weak interaction with the receptor and hence can be structurally modified to an analogue of loperamide for a better ligand-receptor interaction while the in vivo studies confirmed the anti-diarrhoea activities of C. colocynthis ethanol fruit pulp extract.

The fact that cardiovascular diseases have continued to be the top cause of death across the world over the course of many years hammers home the crucial need of discovering breakthrough therapeutic approaches. Stem cell therapy has emerged as a potentially beneficial method due to the fact that it has the ability to boost functional improvement and facilitate the regeneration of tissue. This has led to the application of stem cell therapy by the medical community. On the other hand, its therapeutic efficacy has been impeded by a variety of obstacles, including insufficient engraftment and survival of transplanted cells. These difficulties have made it difficult for it to be effective. In this context, herbal medicine, which has been utilised for a very long time and has a wide variety of bioactive components, presents itself as a powerful instrument that has the potential to enhance stem cell therapy for cardiovascular diseases.

We fabricated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Pterorhachis zenkeri, characterized by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and determined their antioxidant potentials in vitro. Results confirmed the fabrication of AgNPs by using P. zenkeri as a bioreducing agent for the first time. AgNPs possessed potent antioxidant activity in vitro. Furthermore, the TM3 cells were treated for 24 h with AgNPs, vitamin E and cyclophosphamide (CP) at different concentrations (25, 50, 100, 250 and 500 µg/ml). The cells morphology, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane depolarisation (MMD), Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), caspase 3/9, oxidative stress-related enzymes, testosterone, and the mRNA expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) were measured. Results revealed that AgNPs, vitamin E and CP decreased the cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, but did not affect the TM3 cells morphology after treatment. The cytotoxicity of CP in TM3 cells was alleviated after AgNPs application. For instance, AgNPs significantly (p < 0.001–0.05) reduced the MMD, ROS production, and caspase 3/9 activities, but increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in the TM3 cells. Moreover, AgNPs improved testosterone production by activating StAR machineries. These results indicate that AgNPs/P. zenkeri could be a potential alternative drug in the management of oxidative stress and androgen deficit associated with CP chemotherapy.

A never-ending search is being made for a natural remedy to cure diabetes, which is one of the biggest worldwide health concerns. Kaempferia galanga (K. galanga), an important medicinal herb, is reported to have various pharmacological effects. This study aims to conduct in-depth research on the antihyperglycemic activity of K galanga in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice and the mechanism by which it elicits its response. For 21 days, various dosages of freeze-dried K. galanga ethanolic extract (KGE) therapy were given intraperitoneally in STZ-induced diabetic mice. KGE at 350 mg/kg b.w. was selected as the ideal dose. Acute toxicology studies have shown that KGE is non-toxic. Protein and gene expression studies targeting various metabolic pathways show that in the diabetic mice treated with KGE, there was stimulation of AKT, inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3, stimulation of glucokinase (GK), and inhibition of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) expression. Histopathological studies show the protective effect of herbal KGE on the integrity of the mice's pancreas. Molecular docking studies was performed in which the bio-active compound ethyl-p-methoxy cinnamate (EPMC) found in KGE shows good binding energy with the target protein AKT, GSK3, insulin receptor (IR), protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTB1B), GK, and PEPCK, indicating a good binding interaction. ADMET studies also revealed that EPMC has desirable physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties and very low toxicity (LD 50 7900 mg/kg) compared to standard metformin (LD50 680 mg/kg). Herbal KGE and EPMC show a pleiotropic therapeutic effect and may be a potent adjunct and drug, respectively, in attenuating diabetes.

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Sesame has gained significant attention in the pharmaceutical industry for its antifungal, antiproliferative, antioxidant, and antiproliferative properties, as well as its use as a nutritional supplement. Additionally, sesame is a good source of vitamins B and E and has shown potential as a food that can lower serum cholesterol, balance blood pressure, and aid wound healing. In vitro grown Sesamum orientale L. cv. "Gökova" are presently undergoing tests to determine their cytotoxic, wound-healing, and antiproliferative properties using L929 fibroblasts, A549 lung epithelial, and MCF-7 breast cell lines. The IC₅₀ values for A549 were 922.73 g ml⁻¹ (extract) and 33.09 g ml⁻¹ (cisplatin), 1837.07 g ml⁻¹ (extract) and 19.27 g ml⁻¹ (cisplatin), and for L929 they were 154.70 g ml⁻¹ (extract). The subcytotoxic dosages of the extract demonstrated wound healing in L929 fibroblast cell cultures within 48 h. The transcripts of the BCL-XL gene, which exhibit an inverse correlation with the apoptotic pathway, and the transcripts of the Cas3 and Cas9, which show a positive correlation with the apoptotic pathway, were scrutinized to ascertain the anti-cancer properties. The study revealed a significant increase in gene expression in A549 and MCF-7 lines after exposure to plant extract or cisplatin. The findings suggest that sesame extract can promote wound healing at lower doses and exhibit antiproliferative activity at higher doses. The study provides a promising foundation for the development of a pharmacological drug that offers wound-healing and/or antiproliferative effects. The product has potential applications across a range of future projects and can be utilised with numerous cell lines.

Lipid-based drug carriers have gained massive amounts of interest in the last two-decade period as a way to deliver drugs that are not particularly water-soluble. Pharmaceutical uses of lipid nanocarriers include carrying and administering a wide range of therapeutic ingredients. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were designed and formulated to rise above the disadvantages of existing colloidal systems, including microemulsions, liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles, by offering benefits such as a favorable release profile and targeted medication distribution while having great physical integrity. We sought to evaluate the recent findings on the current issue to provide a comprehensive perspective of the subject utilizing an extensive literature search to pinpoint the latest scientific reports on this subject. The focus of this paper is on the research employing SLNs for delivery of medicinal plants and testing them in vitro and in vivo. There are a number various standard variables affecting the release of compounds from SLNs throughout all administration routes. Further, the current paper comprehensively elucidates assorted prospects of SLNs. Next, the investigated SLNs encapsulating herbal compounds in scientific articles are reviewed in details. As many herbal compounds are hydrophobic substances, the SLNs encapsulating them can be beneficial in various therapeutic applications. The most studies herbal compounds are Curcumin, followed by Silibinin and Artemisinin.

The chemical, elemental, morphological and toxicological characteristics of organometallic formulation (Kasthuri Karuppu) were assessed using UV-spectrophotometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ICP-OES, Energy dispersive X-ray, XRD and Zeta potential. The physical properties such as size (10–80 nm), surface area (3.1 m²/g), surface charge (-36mV), and bandgap energy (3.6 eV) were correlated with reactivity. Based on the elemental distribution of Hg, As and S, the proportion favours HgS that is less toxic and reactive. There were no toxic effects of the tested formulation at concentration 60 µg/mL against normal and cancer cells (observed during 24 h). However, the increase in time duration (72 h) had lethal effects in both the cells. The developmental toxicity of the organometallic formulation was assessed in Zebrafish embryos. The safe dosage was found to be 100 µg/mL. The toxicity of the formulation in vitro and in vivo is based on the exposure time and dosage.

Objective: Gynecological and Breast Cancers (GCBC) are extremely common worldwide, including in Morocco. Patients suffering from these forms of cancer often turn to complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), particularly phytotherapy. However, there has been no research on Moroccan patients using this medicine. We aim to assess the frequency and factors involved in the use of phytotherapy. Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytical study. We interviewed 317 patients in an oncology unit. We calculated the 12-month prevalence of herbal medicine use and identified predictors of herbal medicine use by multivariate analysis using SPSS software. Results: The prevalence of patients using phytotherapy was 40.7%. Patients used 48 plant species. The most commonly used plants were Marrubium vulgare L., Allium cepa L. and Retama monosperma (L.) Boiss. This use was associated with a cancer duration greater than one year (p < 0.05; OR = 0.414), pain (p < 0.01; OR = 2.711), anorexia (p < 0.05; OR = 2.079), the social impact of the disease (p < 0.01; OR = 4.140), the expected benefits of C&CM (p < 0.000; OR = 3.453), and the social norms of relatives (p < 0.000; OR = 3.502). Conclusion: The use of herbal medicine as CAM among women with is highly prevalent. The user profile identified in this study deviates from the patterns observed in the international literature. Further research is warranted in different regions of Morocco, exploring various CAM modalities, and employing alternative methodological approaches. The use of herbal medicine as CAM in women with GCBC is widespread. The profile of users identified in this study deviates from patterns observed in the international literature. Further research is warranted in different regions of Morocco, exploring different CAM modalities and using other methodological approaches.