Medicina nei secoli最新文献

Abortion has become something to hide, something you can't tell other people, something you have to expiate forever. Besides, abortion is more and more difficult to achieve because of the raising average of consciencious objection (from 70 to 90% of health care providers are conscientious objectors, 2014 data, Ministero della Salute) and illegal abortion is "coming back"from the 70s, when abortion was a crime (Italian law n. 194/1978). Abortion is often blamed as a murder, an unforgivenable sin, even as genocide. Silence against shouting "killers!" to women who are going to have an abortion: this is a common actual scenario. Why is it so difficult to discuss and even to mention abortion?

Law 194 was introduced in Italy in 1978, following a campaign by women's groups, but alsofollowing the rise in illegal abortions and related deaths; after quite 40 years, we are now assisting to the dangerous return to illegality, related with the obstacles to the application of the law. The main causes of this phenomena are: the conscientious objection, the non- compliance of the law and the providers' "burn-out". The law permits to medical and non medical personnel to refuse to carry out abortions on conscientious groumds, but this right is greatly abused, with harmfil consequences on women's health. Another huge obstacle is represented by the non-compliance of the law: the hospital's "objection", the scarce accessibility to medical abortion, the lack of scientific, practical and ethic formation of the providers. The provider's "burn-out" is the last obstacle, a hidden but not secondary factor. A new, really non religious thought, becomes thus a necessity for our life and for women's health.

This article discusses the hypothesis that the ram's heads on the speculum recovered in Pompeii in 1881-82 had some symbolic significance - on the basis of the connection between the ram and the human reproductive organs, well testified in Egyptian mythology. Infact, there is ample evidence of Egyptian influence in Pompeii, particularly nearby the houses where we presume the discovery of the speculum was made.

Perception of guilt and remorse is tied to the complicated question of what is an abortion. There is no doubt that abortion practices have had a long and complex history. Abortion is, in fact, a 'mobile' category, whose definition and identification depends on several factors and is related to the context and - not least - the complex question of identifying the actual voluntariness of the act. The frequency of spontaneous abortions, due to -excessive force or working conditions, and the inevitability of the appeal to the interruption of pregnancy in the absence of other means of fertility control methods, allowed a widespread lack of guilt, testified also by language even in the mid-twenties, when the fascist regime begins to structure a policy that culminates, during the thirties, in unprecedented emphasis on the role and the female body in an exclusively procreative function and configuration of maternity as a patriotic duty particularly enshrined in the new Penal code of 1930.

After an analysis of the history of the introduction of the so called "abortion pill" in various countries included Italy, it is analyzed the substantial differences between the two procedures of medical abortion comparing with surgical abortion.

Often a woman's right to terminate a pregnancy for health reasons is considered as achieved by simply performing the intervention. But today isn't in doubt that the effective protection of health requires that health organizations carrying out performance which also affect other aspects: taking charge of women, information on services, respect for the dignity and autonomy of women, etc ... You could say that these are details, compared to the final performance. But, as we know, often the devil is in the details.

As a result of the contamination of blood supplies, Mexican government prohibited the 'paid donation' (1987) and the country formally joined the framework promoted by WHO and PAHO focused on the enhancement of repetitive altruistic donation. Nevertheless, this kind of donation is still minoritarian in the Mexican Republic and it is largely majoritarian a blood management system that has not received particular attention from the social sciences: the replacement donation. In the article, I describe and analyze the dynamics of replacement donation, following the results of a fieldwork that I have conducted in the city of Oaxaca since 2013. In particular I highlight the specificity of this form of blood collection and distribution, based on the empowerment of the families in their search for donors. I pay particular attention to the issues of health inequalities and the difficulties in the access to blood as a therapeutic resource. In conclusion, I discuss the ambiguous position that in the blood-system have the private blood banks and I analyze the tools that they use to act as private companies in a context in which the sale of blood and blood products is formally prohibited.

The paper examines the particular nature of the rights involved in disciplines related to the termination of pregnancy. It focuses on the ways by which these rights must be appropriately balanced with constitutional rights and values. It also stresses the need of a "botton-up" approach rather than a more restrictive and dangerous "top-down" approach. Only in this way it seems possible to tackle and appreciate the problem in all its actual complexity.

This essay aims at delving into the issues raised by the application of the Law No. 194/1978 in the matter of the voluntary termination of pregnancy, taking into account the constitutional principles, the judgments of the Italian Constitutional Court and the recent decision on the merit of the Collective Complaint No. 87/2012 (International Planned Parenthood Federation European Network v. Italy) adopted by the European Committee of Social Rights.

This article explores the origins and the development of women-protective anti-abortion arguments in a globalized world. Unlike fetus-base pro- life arguments, women protective ones focus on gender stereotypes and on the theory of gender complementarity. The article traces the influence of US conservative groups in spreading such arguments beyond the US borders, so that in today's globalized world, womnen-protective arguments have become central in abortion and contraception related legislation and litigation in the US, Europe and Russia. The article points to the dangers of the women-protective anti-abortion strategy, which aims at disempowering women, by denying them agency and control over reproduction, resulting in a direct challenge to gender equality.