A mature Holstein cow became inappetent , dehydrated and weak, with a marked drop in milk production, 17 days after a dead calf was removed by cesarean section. Laparotomy revealed adhesions among the cecum, jejunum, colon, bladder and uterus. Transection of the adhesions resulted in recovery; however, the cow was sent to slaughter a month later because of apparent recurrence of the abdominal adhesions.
{"title":"Illness associated with abdominal adhesions in a cow.","authors":"D A Stark","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A mature Holstein cow became inappetent , dehydrated and weak, with a marked drop in milk production, 17 days after a dead calf was removed by cesarean section. Laparotomy revealed adhesions among the cecum, jejunum, colon, bladder and uterus. Transection of the adhesions resulted in recovery; however, the cow was sent to slaughter a month later because of apparent recurrence of the abdominal adhesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":76173,"journal":{"name":"Modern veterinary practice","volume":"65 5","pages":"386-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17791568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pigs weaned/sow/year increases after the first litter to a maximum at about the third litter, after which it declines such that the sixth litter size is the same as the first, with a gradual decline thereafter. The cost of producing a weaned pig decreases with increasing numbers of litters weaned up to the third, then gradually increases. Average sow culling rates on commercial farms are 24-40% annually. The average time from weaning of pigs to culling of sows is 50-60 days. Sow mortality ranges between 2% and 14%, with a 6-8% average.
{"title":"Causes and control of sow losses.","authors":"B Straw","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pigs weaned/sow/year increases after the first litter to a maximum at about the third litter, after which it declines such that the sixth litter size is the same as the first, with a gradual decline thereafter. The cost of producing a weaned pig decreases with increasing numbers of litters weaned up to the third, then gradually increases. Average sow culling rates on commercial farms are 24-40% annually. The average time from weaning of pigs to culling of sows is 50-60 days. Sow mortality ranges between 2% and 14%, with a 6-8% average.</p>","PeriodicalId":76173,"journal":{"name":"Modern veterinary practice","volume":"65 5","pages":"349-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17793558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Inconsistency with parvovirus study.","authors":"J A Walsh","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76173,"journal":{"name":"Modern veterinary practice","volume":"65 5","pages":"333"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17392084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transtracheal aspiration is used to obtain samples for culture and cytologic examination of respiratory tract secretions and exudates. A 15-cm-long area of the ventral midcervical region is surgically prepared, a small site infiltrated SC with 2-3 ml lidocaine, and a stab incision made in the skin. A trocar with cannula is inserted through the incision and annular ligament into the trachea and the trocar removed. An 8-Fr polypropylene catheter is inserted about 35-40 cm down the trachea and attached to a 30-ml syringe, containing 20 ml sterile saline, with a 3-way stopcock . The saline is rapidly injected and a 3- to 4-ml sample is aspirated after the horse coughs and as the catheter is slowly withdrawn. The catheter and cannula are withdrawn, the area covered with antibacterial ointment and gauze sponges, and elastic tape applied. Complications are rare but include SC emphysema or infection, pneumomediastinum and cartilage ring damage.
{"title":"Transtracheal aspiration in the horse: a photo essay.","authors":"M K Krpan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transtracheal aspiration is used to obtain samples for culture and cytologic examination of respiratory tract secretions and exudates. A 15-cm-long area of the ventral midcervical region is surgically prepared, a small site infiltrated SC with 2-3 ml lidocaine, and a stab incision made in the skin. A trocar with cannula is inserted through the incision and annular ligament into the trachea and the trocar removed. An 8-Fr polypropylene catheter is inserted about 35-40 cm down the trachea and attached to a 30-ml syringe, containing 20 ml sterile saline, with a 3-way stopcock . The saline is rapidly injected and a 3- to 4-ml sample is aspirated after the horse coughs and as the catheter is slowly withdrawn. The catheter and cannula are withdrawn, the area covered with antibacterial ointment and gauze sponges, and elastic tape applied. Complications are rare but include SC emphysema or infection, pneumomediastinum and cartilage ring damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":76173,"journal":{"name":"Modern veterinary practice","volume":"65 5","pages":"A19-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17793554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Old male Collies, Pekingese , Boxers and Boston Terriers are predisposed to perineal hernia. Recurrence is often related to poor surgical technic in the initial repair. With the anesthetized dog in sternal recumbency and the tail tied forward, a curvilinear skin incision is made over the hernia, from the tail base to the midline, ventral to the anus. The hernial sac is opened and its contents reduced. Five stainless-steel sutures are preplaced in the muscles and ligaments of the perineal diaphragm and tied from top to bottom. In cases of failure of the ventral aspect of the repair, the internal obturator muscle can be elevated from the ischial table and used to cover the ventral aspect of the hernia. Postoperative complications are related to infection, self-trauma and straining.
{"title":"Perineal hernia repair in dogs.","authors":"J J Robertson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Old male Collies, Pekingese , Boxers and Boston Terriers are predisposed to perineal hernia. Recurrence is often related to poor surgical technic in the initial repair. With the anesthetized dog in sternal recumbency and the tail tied forward, a curvilinear skin incision is made over the hernia, from the tail base to the midline, ventral to the anus. The hernial sac is opened and its contents reduced. Five stainless-steel sutures are preplaced in the muscles and ligaments of the perineal diaphragm and tied from top to bottom. In cases of failure of the ventral aspect of the repair, the internal obturator muscle can be elevated from the ischial table and used to cover the ventral aspect of the hernia. Postoperative complications are related to infection, self-trauma and straining.</p>","PeriodicalId":76173,"journal":{"name":"Modern veterinary practice","volume":"65 5","pages":"365-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17793562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renal dysfunction secondary to GI disorders may be relatively common in horses. Persistent dehydration of 8-10% of body weight can lead to prerenal azotemia, which may result in renal ischemia and renal disease if uncorrected. Dehydrated azotemic horses with a urine specific gravity less than 1.018 may have renal disease. Urine specific gravity readings greater than 1.025 usually indicate normal kidney function. A urine Na level less than 20 mEq/L and a urine/plasma creatinine ratio greater than or equal to 20:1 indicate prerenal problems. Use of nephrotoxic drugs should be avoided in septicemic or dehydrated horses. Salmonellosis and proximal enteritis often lead to renal complications. Renal disease associated with DIC warrants a poor prognosis. Treatment of acute renal failure is aimed at eliminating the underlying cause and correcting metabolic abnormalities. Use of IV fluids, dopamine, prostaglandin inhibitors, fresh and electrolyte-spiked water ad libitum, water-soluble vitamins and high-P diets is beneficial. Success of therapy should be judged by laboratory results rather than clinical impressions.
{"title":"Renal disease associated with colic in horses.","authors":"J W Seanor, T D Byars, J K Boutcher","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Renal dysfunction secondary to GI disorders may be relatively common in horses. Persistent dehydration of 8-10% of body weight can lead to prerenal azotemia, which may result in renal ischemia and renal disease if uncorrected. Dehydrated azotemic horses with a urine specific gravity less than 1.018 may have renal disease. Urine specific gravity readings greater than 1.025 usually indicate normal kidney function. A urine Na level less than 20 mEq/L and a urine/plasma creatinine ratio greater than or equal to 20:1 indicate prerenal problems. Use of nephrotoxic drugs should be avoided in septicemic or dehydrated horses. Salmonellosis and proximal enteritis often lead to renal complications. Renal disease associated with DIC warrants a poor prognosis. Treatment of acute renal failure is aimed at eliminating the underlying cause and correcting metabolic abnormalities. Use of IV fluids, dopamine, prostaglandin inhibitors, fresh and electrolyte-spiked water ad libitum, water-soluble vitamins and high-P diets is beneficial. Success of therapy should be judged by laboratory results rather than clinical impressions.</p>","PeriodicalId":76173,"journal":{"name":"Modern veterinary practice","volume":"65 5","pages":"A26-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17793555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ivermectin given IM at 200 micrograms/kg, alone or in combination with procaine penicillin G at 600 IU/kg, to 20 randomly selected young horses of various breeds reduced fecal strongyle egg counts from 400-4100 epg (avg greater than 1000) pretreatment to zero 7 days posttreatment. There were no systemic or injection-site reactions, either immediate or delayed, in any of the horses.
{"title":"Ivermectin and an ivermectin-penicillin combination: a comparison of anthelmintic efficacy in horses.","authors":"J A DiPietro, K S Todd, V Reuter-Dallman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ivermectin given IM at 200 micrograms/kg, alone or in combination with procaine penicillin G at 600 IU/kg, to 20 randomly selected young horses of various breeds reduced fecal strongyle egg counts from 400-4100 epg (avg greater than 1000) pretreatment to zero 7 days posttreatment. There were no systemic or injection-site reactions, either immediate or delayed, in any of the horses.</p>","PeriodicalId":76173,"journal":{"name":"Modern veterinary practice","volume":"65 5","pages":"A14-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17604009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Consistency of exercise and diet are important in colic prevention. Water should be offered before and after feeding. Fast-growing foals suckling heavily lactating mares may overeat grain at weaning. Creep feeding to accustom the foal to eating grain and gradually increasing the grain intake after weaning are helpful in preventing colic in foals. Stallions may overeat grain when taken off pasture in hot weather. Feeding hay initially and grain later helps avoid colic in these stallions. Type-D Clostridium perfringens may cause enterotoxemia in foals. Corn should be fed in moderation. High-Mg diets, ingestion of sand, and pelleted feed have been associated with colic. Endoparasitism is the most important cause of colic in horses.
{"title":"Some nutritional aspects of colic in horses.","authors":"H F Hintz","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Consistency of exercise and diet are important in colic prevention. Water should be offered before and after feeding. Fast-growing foals suckling heavily lactating mares may overeat grain at weaning. Creep feeding to accustom the foal to eating grain and gradually increasing the grain intake after weaning are helpful in preventing colic in foals. Stallions may overeat grain when taken off pasture in hot weather. Feeding hay initially and grain later helps avoid colic in these stallions. Type-D Clostridium perfringens may cause enterotoxemia in foals. Corn should be fed in moderation. High-Mg diets, ingestion of sand, and pelleted feed have been associated with colic. Endoparasitism is the most important cause of colic in horses.</p>","PeriodicalId":76173,"journal":{"name":"Modern veterinary practice","volume":"65 5","pages":"A9-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17793556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A 13-year-old spayed Siamese had normal pupillary light reflexes and visual acuity, a dull haircoat , and a history of eating dog food. Binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy of the left fundus revealed an ellipsoid, hyperreflective lesion in the area centralis and a second lesion medial and adjacent to the optic disk. The right fundus had a hyperreflective band from the temporal to nasal quadrants. The plasma taurine level was 10 nmol/g (normal greater than 100 nmol/g). Central retinal degeneration secondary to taurine deficiency was diagnosed. Inclusion of fresh meat and fish in the cat's diet halted progression of the lesions.
{"title":"Retinal degeneration relating to taurine deficiency in a cat.","authors":"S M Neumann","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 13-year-old spayed Siamese had normal pupillary light reflexes and visual acuity, a dull haircoat , and a history of eating dog food. Binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy of the left fundus revealed an ellipsoid, hyperreflective lesion in the area centralis and a second lesion medial and adjacent to the optic disk. The right fundus had a hyperreflective band from the temporal to nasal quadrants. The plasma taurine level was 10 nmol/g (normal greater than 100 nmol/g). Central retinal degeneration secondary to taurine deficiency was diagnosed. Inclusion of fresh meat and fish in the cat's diet halted progression of the lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":76173,"journal":{"name":"Modern veterinary practice","volume":"65 5","pages":"381, 384"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17791566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}