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Illness associated with abdominal adhesions in a cow. 牛腹部粘连引起的疾病。
Pub Date : 1984-05-01
D A Stark

A mature Holstein cow became inappetent , dehydrated and weak, with a marked drop in milk production, 17 days after a dead calf was removed by cesarean section. Laparotomy revealed adhesions among the cecum, jejunum, colon, bladder and uterus. Transection of the adhesions resulted in recovery; however, the cow was sent to slaughter a month later because of apparent recurrence of the abdominal adhesions.

一头成熟的荷斯坦奶牛在剖宫产手术取出死小牛17天后,变得食欲不振、脱水、虚弱,产奶量明显下降。开腹检查发现盲肠、空肠、结肠、膀胱和子宫之间有粘连。横断粘连导致恢复;然而,由于腹部粘连明显复发,这头牛在一个月后被送去屠宰。
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引用次数: 0
Causes and control of sow losses. 母猪损失的原因和控制。
Pub Date : 1984-05-01
B Straw

Pigs weaned/sow/year increases after the first litter to a maximum at about the third litter, after which it declines such that the sixth litter size is the same as the first, with a gradual decline thereafter. The cost of producing a weaned pig decreases with increasing numbers of litters weaned up to the third, then gradually increases. Average sow culling rates on commercial farms are 24-40% annually. The average time from weaning of pigs to culling of sows is 50-60 days. Sow mortality ranges between 2% and 14%, with a 6-8% average.

断奶仔猪/母猪/年在第一窝后增加,在第三窝左右达到最大值,之后下降,直到第六窝的产仔数与第一窝相同,此后逐渐下降。生产断奶仔猪的成本随着断奶仔猪数的增加而下降,直到第三胎,然后逐渐增加。商业农场的平均母猪扑杀率为每年24-40%。从猪断奶到母猪扑杀平均时间为50-60天。母猪死亡率在2%至14%之间,平均为6-8%。
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引用次数: 0
Inconsistency with parvovirus study. 与细小病毒研究不一致。
Pub Date : 1984-05-01
J A Walsh
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引用次数: 0
Transtracheal aspiration in the horse: a photo essay. 马的气管吸入:一篇摄影文章。
Pub Date : 1984-05-01
M K Krpan

Transtracheal aspiration is used to obtain samples for culture and cytologic examination of respiratory tract secretions and exudates. A 15-cm-long area of the ventral midcervical region is surgically prepared, a small site infiltrated SC with 2-3 ml lidocaine, and a stab incision made in the skin. A trocar with cannula is inserted through the incision and annular ligament into the trachea and the trocar removed. An 8-Fr polypropylene catheter is inserted about 35-40 cm down the trachea and attached to a 30-ml syringe, containing 20 ml sterile saline, with a 3-way stopcock . The saline is rapidly injected and a 3- to 4-ml sample is aspirated after the horse coughs and as the catheter is slowly withdrawn. The catheter and cannula are withdrawn, the area covered with antibacterial ointment and gauze sponges, and elastic tape applied. Complications are rare but include SC emphysema or infection, pneumomediastinum and cartilage ring damage.

经气管抽吸用于获取样本进行培养和呼吸道分泌物和渗出液的细胞学检查。手术准备颈中部腹侧15厘米长的区域,用2-3毫升利多卡因浸润SC的小部位,并在皮肤上做一个刺伤切口。将带套管的套管针通过切口和环状韧带插入气管,取出套管针。将8-Fr聚丙烯导管插入气管下约35-40 cm处,并连接30 ml注射器,注射器中含有20 ml无菌生理盐水,带有3路旋塞。在马咳嗽后,当导管慢慢拔出时,迅速注射生理盐水,并抽吸3- 4毫升的样本。取出导管和套管,用抗菌药膏和纱布海绵覆盖,并使用弹性胶带。并发症很少,但包括SC肺气肿或感染,纵隔气肿和软骨环损伤。
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引用次数: 0
Perineal hernia repair in dogs. 犬会阴疝修补术。
Pub Date : 1984-05-01
J J Robertson

Old male Collies, Pekingese , Boxers and Boston Terriers are predisposed to perineal hernia. Recurrence is often related to poor surgical technic in the initial repair. With the anesthetized dog in sternal recumbency and the tail tied forward, a curvilinear skin incision is made over the hernia, from the tail base to the midline, ventral to the anus. The hernial sac is opened and its contents reduced. Five stainless-steel sutures are preplaced in the muscles and ligaments of the perineal diaphragm and tied from top to bottom. In cases of failure of the ventral aspect of the repair, the internal obturator muscle can be elevated from the ischial table and used to cover the ventral aspect of the hernia. Postoperative complications are related to infection, self-trauma and straining.

年长的公牧羊犬、北京哈巴狗、拳师犬和波士顿梗易患会阴疝。复发往往与早期修复手术技术不佳有关。麻醉犬胸骨平躺,尾巴向前系住,在疝上做一个曲线皮肤切口,从尾巴基部到中线,腹侧到肛门。疝囊被打开,其内容物减少。在会阴隔膜的肌肉和韧带上预先放置5个不锈钢缝合线,并从上到下绑好。在腹面修复失败的情况下,可以将内闭孔肌从坐骨台抬高,用于覆盖疝的腹面。术后并发症与感染、自我创伤和劳损有关。
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引用次数: 0
Renal disease associated with colic in horses. 与马绞痛相关的肾脏疾病。
Pub Date : 1984-05-01
J W Seanor, T D Byars, J K Boutcher

Renal dysfunction secondary to GI disorders may be relatively common in horses. Persistent dehydration of 8-10% of body weight can lead to prerenal azotemia, which may result in renal ischemia and renal disease if uncorrected. Dehydrated azotemic horses with a urine specific gravity less than 1.018 may have renal disease. Urine specific gravity readings greater than 1.025 usually indicate normal kidney function. A urine Na level less than 20 mEq/L and a urine/plasma creatinine ratio greater than or equal to 20:1 indicate prerenal problems. Use of nephrotoxic drugs should be avoided in septicemic or dehydrated horses. Salmonellosis and proximal enteritis often lead to renal complications. Renal disease associated with DIC warrants a poor prognosis. Treatment of acute renal failure is aimed at eliminating the underlying cause and correcting metabolic abnormalities. Use of IV fluids, dopamine, prostaglandin inhibitors, fresh and electrolyte-spiked water ad libitum, water-soluble vitamins and high-P diets is beneficial. Success of therapy should be judged by laboratory results rather than clinical impressions.

继发于胃肠道疾病的肾功能障碍可能在马中相对常见。体重8-10%的持续脱水可导致肾氮血症,如果不加以纠正,可能导致肾缺血和肾脏疾病。尿比重小于1.018的脱水氮态马可能有肾脏疾病。尿比重大于1.025通常表明肾功能正常。尿钠水平低于20meq /L,尿/血浆肌酐比值大于等于20:1提示有预防性问题。对于患有败血症或脱水的马,应避免使用肾毒性药物。沙门氏菌病和近端肠炎常导致肾脏并发症。与DIC相关的肾脏疾病预后较差。治疗急性肾功能衰竭的目的是消除根本原因和纠正代谢异常。使用静脉输液、多巴胺、前列腺素抑制剂、新鲜的和加电解质的随意水、水溶性维生素和高磷饮食是有益的。治疗的成功与否应根据实验室结果而不是临床表现来判断。
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引用次数: 0
Ivermectin and an ivermectin-penicillin combination: a comparison of anthelmintic efficacy in horses. 伊维菌素和伊维菌素-青霉素组合:马驱虫药效的比较。
Pub Date : 1984-05-01
J A DiPietro, K S Todd, V Reuter-Dallman

Ivermectin given IM at 200 micrograms/kg, alone or in combination with procaine penicillin G at 600 IU/kg, to 20 randomly selected young horses of various breeds reduced fecal strongyle egg counts from 400-4100 epg (avg greater than 1000) pretreatment to zero 7 days posttreatment. There were no systemic or injection-site reactions, either immediate or delayed, in any of the horses.

随机选择20匹不同品种的马,单独或联合给予伊维菌素(剂量为200微克/公斤)或普鲁卡因青霉素G(剂量为600国际单位/公斤),使粪便中圆形卵的数量从预处理前的400-4100个每磅(平均大于1000个)减少到处理后7天的零。在所有的马身上都没有立即或延迟的全身或注射部位反应。
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引用次数: 0
A procedure for descenting ferrets. 雪貂降落的程序。
Pub Date : 1984-05-01
J Rowley
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引用次数: 0
Some nutritional aspects of colic in horses. 马肠绞痛的一些营养方面。
Pub Date : 1984-05-01
H F Hintz

Consistency of exercise and diet are important in colic prevention. Water should be offered before and after feeding. Fast-growing foals suckling heavily lactating mares may overeat grain at weaning. Creep feeding to accustom the foal to eating grain and gradually increasing the grain intake after weaning are helpful in preventing colic in foals. Stallions may overeat grain when taken off pasture in hot weather. Feeding hay initially and grain later helps avoid colic in these stallions. Type-D Clostridium perfringens may cause enterotoxemia in foals. Corn should be fed in moderation. High-Mg diets, ingestion of sand, and pelleted feed have been associated with colic. Endoparasitism is the most important cause of colic in horses.

运动和饮食的一致性对预防绞痛很重要。喂奶前后都要喝水。快速生长的小马驹在断奶时可能会吃太多谷物。通过蠕变饲养使马驹适应谷物的摄食,断奶后逐渐增加谷物的摄取量,有助于预防马驹肠绞痛。种马在炎热的天气离开牧场时可能会吃得过多。先喂干草,后喂谷物有助于避免这些种马的肠绞痛。d型产气荚膜梭菌可引起马驹肠毒血症。玉米应适量饲养。高镁饲料、摄入沙子和颗粒饲料与肠绞痛有关。马的内寄生是引起绞痛的最重要原因。
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引用次数: 0
Retinal degeneration relating to taurine deficiency in a cat. 猫的视网膜变性与牛磺酸缺乏有关。
Pub Date : 1984-05-01
S M Neumann

A 13-year-old spayed Siamese had normal pupillary light reflexes and visual acuity, a dull haircoat , and a history of eating dog food. Binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy of the left fundus revealed an ellipsoid, hyperreflective lesion in the area centralis and a second lesion medial and adjacent to the optic disk. The right fundus had a hyperreflective band from the temporal to nasal quadrants. The plasma taurine level was 10 nmol/g (normal greater than 100 nmol/g). Central retinal degeneration secondary to taurine deficiency was diagnosed. Inclusion of fresh meat and fish in the cat's diet halted progression of the lesions.

一只13岁的暹罗绝育犬瞳孔光反射正常,视力正常,毛无光泽,有吃狗粮的历史。双眼间接眼底镜检查发现左侧眼底中央区有一个椭球状高反射病变,另一个病变位于视盘内侧和附近。右眼底从颞部到鼻部有高反射带。血浆牛磺酸10 nmol/g(正常大于100 nmol/g)。诊断为继发于牛磺酸缺乏的中枢性视网膜变性。在猫的饮食中加入鲜肉和鱼阻止了病变的进展。
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引用次数: 0
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Modern veterinary practice
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