Revista de chirurgie, oncologie, radiologie, o. r. l., oftalmologie, stomatologie. Seria: Oftalmologie最新文献

The authors present the palpebral, uveal, neurologic, retinal manifestations and mainly diabetic retinopathy during pregnancy. Likewise, the paper analyses the relationship: high myopia, detachment of the retina und pregnancy, and the therapeutic attitude at ophthalmologic and obstetrical levels.

The author reports on the case of a 7-year-old child who, following and uveitis, presented an opacity in a band over the cornea at the level of the palpebral slit. Opacity of the cornea affected the superficial layers and epithelium of the cornea, Bowman's membrane and lamellae of the subjacent parenchyma, with calcar concretions within the thickness of the opaque band. The pathogenesis of this secondary dystrophy of the cornea is discussed.

The author reports on two clinical cases and discusses the possible pathogenic mechanisms of the ocular manifestations induced by Hymenoptera bites in the eye and around the eye. The ocular manifestations are polymorphous both clinically and pathogenically. The appearance of cornea manifestations following bites in the periocular region suggest a possible elective localization of the symptomatology. Various mechanisms may be involved: direct traumatic, toxic, allergic and certain local predisposing tissular factors.

The latest investigations show that the ultraviolet radiations are more dangerous for the eye than appreciated up to now. There exist 3 types of UV rays: 1. UV with wavelengths between 100 and 280 nm, absorbed by the ozone layer of the stratosphere and which have no impact; 2. UV with wavelengths between 280 and 315 nm, noxious for the cornea; 3. UV with wavelengths between 315 and 400, noxious both for the cornea and for the lens. When the lens is removed, the UV rays penetrate into the retina, where they provoke cystoid macular edema and then detachment of retina of the anterior pole (A ultraviolet with wavelengths between 315 and 400 nm). Up to the age of 10, the cornea and the lens permit UV penetration. After this age, a cumulative effect is produced, by the appearance in the cornea and the lens of fluorescein "chromatophores", a pigmentation, a change of the soluble proteins into insoluble ones, with high molecular weight and appearance of free radicals. The final results of these changes is the formation of a cataract. Aphakia permits the penetration of the UV rays into the retina, where their phototoxic effect works and therefore the implantation of the lens for retaining the UV with 400 nm wavelength is necessary.

A patient woman, 45 years old, showed bilateral corneal ulcers, symblepharon, milkish-white scars, cicatricial entropion, trichiasis, lacrimal hyposecretion within a Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Histological examination of the conjunctiva shows a necrosis process of epithelium with phlyctenular cavities and abundant subepithelial inflammatory infiltrate. The affection etiopathogenesis is discussed.

The paper reports on some aspects of the glaucoma pathology, considered from the viewpoint of echography. The role of this investigation in the follow-up of glaucoma and in the best therapeutical behaviour is emphasized. Likewise, the authors present up-to-date information on the therapy with ultrasounds in glaucoma.

The action of phyroxicam was studied in the treatment of inflammatory affections of the eye globe. Pyroxicam proved to be an efficient nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drug in the treatment of iridocyclitis, keratoiridocyclitis, uveitis etc.

The authors report a classification of the congenital malformations of the neuro- and visceral cranium, showing that they are generated by chromosomal aberrations. The meningoencephaloceles with oculo-orbital manifestations are numerous and have to be differentiated from other cystic formations. The radiologic examination, in the most incidences is very important in their diagnosis. These pseudotumours can be treated only surgically in the neurosurgery departments. This treatment might be an emergency or not, as a function of their site and the state of the mucosae on the tegumenta covering them.

The authors used the discrimination method--pseudoisochromatic phases and the comparison-assortment method for the chromatic sense examination in a group of subjects working in the motor transport and chemical textile dying. Computer programs were devised for examination data processing and for diagnosis display. After each testing, the data of each subject are added to the patient's card to be subsequently looked up and used for statistics.

The function of the lacrimal drainage system was tested in 5 patients and 3 controls by scintigraphy with a Pho-GAMMA HP-1206 Nuclear scanner Chicago, coupled with a visualization system and data processing device of type MB 9101-GAMMA.