Rontgenpraxis; Zeitschrift fur radiologische Technik最新文献

Extramedullary localizations at diagnosis or during the course of multiple myeloma are rare. We report on a 70 year old patient, presenting multiple hypoechoic liver lesions during an ultrasound examination. The following contrast-enhanced computed tomography demonstrated hypodense liver lesions with slight contrast enhancement and hyperdense polypoid masses in the wall of the gall bladder as well as a small pericostal tumor. A punch biopsy of the liver and immunohistochemical studies confirmed the diagnosis of extramedullary multiple myeloma. In a follow-up CT five weeks later the liver lesions and the pericostal tumor clearly showed progress, the masses in the gall bladder had developed into a concentric wall-thickening. Additionally, polypoid contrast-enhancing masses in the gastric wall became apparent as well as a hypodense lesion in the spleen.

Radiologists should be aware that multiple myeloma can on rare occasions present as hypodense nodules in the liver or new masses in other organs in CT. Because of the morphologic similarity to metastatic disease, a biopsy may be necessary for definitive diagnosis.

The great majority of renal masses are found incidentally as a result of the use of ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). If ultrasonography is not diagnostic CT or MRI should be initiated to differentiate lesions of the kidney that need surgical intervention from those that do not and from those that need follow-up examinations.

Cystic renal masses are characterized by using the Bosniak classification, including category IIF. In solid lesions of the kidney first non-surgical lesions as well as lymphoma, renal infarction and nephritis should be excluded. Identifying fatty components in renal lesions is very important because in angiomyolipoma they are almost always present.

CT and MRI are exellent for tumor detection. Careful evaluation of imaging finding combined with the patient′s history should assist the radiologist in making the proper diagnosis or recommending the appropriate treatment in most cases.

This article provides a review about renal masses, the imaging methods for their evaluation and their characteristic features at CT and MR imaging. Different lesions are demonstrated like xantogranulomatous pyelonephritis, acute pyelonephritis, renal infarction, lymphoma, angiomyolipoma, renal oncocytoma, cystic lesion and polycystic disease the kidney, echinococcosis, renal cystadenoma, metastases, renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and multiple bilateral RCC in patients with Hippel-Lindau-Syndrome.

This article should help to differentiate complex cystic lesions of the kidney by using the Bosniak-classification, especially Bosniak Category IIF. Solid masses should be characterized and the major question to be answered is whether the mass represents a surgical or nonsurgical lesion or if follow-up studies are necessary.

Though being inferior to magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography (CT) of the brain is the most frequently applied imaging modality in the diagnostic workup of acute cerebral Ischaemia.

We report on a case of a comatose 53-year-old man who was brought to the emergency room after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The CT of the brain showed a diffuse brain oedema with an explicit hypodense demarcation of all deep nuclei.

Dural arterio-venous fistulas are rare lesions. Traumatic dural AV-fistulas in particular, are very rare complications of head and neck trauma.

We report on a 59-year old man with a severe facial and head trauma. Initial computed tomography demonstrated a left frontal subdural hematoma, leading to progressive midline shift. Additionally, a complex skull base fracture was present, involving the frontal, temporal and sphenoid bone. A few days after the accident the patient reported a left pulsatile tinnitus. Subsequent selective carotid angiography revealed a high flow dural arterio-venous fistula involving the middle meningeal artery and facial veins. Complete endovascular embolization was performed by a transarterial approach using microparticles and an electrolytically detachable coil resulting in an immediate disappearance of the tinnitus.

Remarkably, this case nicely illustrates possible “dangerous” collateral circulation to the ophthalmic artery–a feature that should be kept in mind during endovascular treatment of this entity.

Introduction

There were 373 patients irradiated after breast conserving carcinoma treatment. A planning computed tomography revealed in 97 of these patients seromas and tissue defects exceeding 2 cm in diameter. The cosmetic results in those patients and the impact of seromas herein had to be evaluated.

Patients and methods

Mean age was 59 years. A quadrant resection was performed in 17,5 percent of the patients, a segmental resection in 27,8 percent and a tumour excision in 54,6 percent. Radiation therapy was applied with the linear accelerator and 6 MeV photons up to a total dose in the residual breast of 50 Gy followed by a boost dose to the former tumour bed of 10 Gy. A distinct evaluation and documentation of therapy related side effects and the resulting cosmesis was done in 51 patients.

Results

In all the examined seroma patients there were moderate acute skin reactions grade 1 to 3. As late effects in 82,3 percent scar indurations were noticed. At the skin 51 percent showed enhanced pigmentation, 68,6 percent atrophia and only 11 percent teleangiectasia. Subcutaneous fibrosis occurred in 56,9 percent of the patients, 78,4 percent of the women had breast asymmetries. In 41,2 percent there were a lymphedema subcutaneously, in 72,5 percent impaired sensibility. The overall cosmetic result documented with a 5 point score was “very good” (score 1) in 19,6 percent and “good” (score 2) in 33,3 percent, 37,3 percent were “satisfactory” (score 3) and 9,8 percent “bad” (score 4) respectively. No “very bad” results (score 5) were seen.

Conclusions

The cosmetic results in the examined group of seroma and hematoma patients were inferior to those reported in the literature. We conclude that postoperative seroma and hematoma have an adverse effect on the resulting cosmesis and that their frequency and extent have to be reduced in future by the responsible surgeons.

Portal vein thrombosis complicating acute pancreatitis is more often diagnosed today due to the improved imaging techniques (computed tomography, ultrasound, nmr). Nevertheless the outcome of recent portal vein thrombosis is ill-known. We report on the computed tomographic findings and clinical course of portal vein thrombosis in two patients suffering from acute pancreatitis. Both patients showed spontaneous recanalization of the thrombosis.