首页 > 最新文献

Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. Supplementum最新文献

英文 中文
Cytomegalovirus after heart transplantation: definitions for the guidance of antiviral therapy. 心脏移植后巨细胞病毒:抗病毒治疗指导的定义。
F Iberer, K Tscheliessnigg, G Halwachs, T Auer, A Wasler, B Petutschnigg, G Schreier, H Müller, T Allmayer, G Prenner

Besides the current classification of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and disease we defined "CMV antigenaemia" as the marker for initiation of antiviral therapy (CMV hyperimmune globulin 2 ml/kg/d and ganciclovir 1000 mg/d), and "episodes of CMV antigenaemia"(the time from detection of antigenaemia until a subsequent antigenaemia assay tested negative again) indicated the time period of antiviral treatment. Patients were at highest risk for antigenaemia at day 38.2 +/- 20.9 after heart transplantation. We observed 50 episodes of antigenaemia in 18 patients. The mean duration was 7.3 +/- 6.4 days. No antigenaemia associated symptoms and no anti-CMV IgM was observed without preceding evidence of antigenaemia. Antigenaemia-associated symptoms and antigenaemia disappeared after antiviral therapy was initiated. Our therapy did not prevent CMV infection, but despite the repeated evidence of active CMV infection, no patient suffered CMV disease.

除了目前巨细胞病毒(CMV)感染和疾病的分类外,我们将“巨细胞病毒抗原血症”定义为抗病毒治疗开始的标志(巨细胞病毒高免疫球蛋白2 ml/kg/d和更昔洛韦1000 mg/d),“巨细胞病毒抗原血症发作”(从检测到抗原血症的时间到随后的抗原血症检测再次呈阴性)表明抗病毒治疗的时间。患者在心脏移植后38.2 +/- 20.9天发生抗原血症的风险最高。我们在18例患者中观察到50次抗原血症发作。平均病程7.3±6.4天。没有抗原血症相关症状,没有抗cmv IgM,没有抗原血症的证据。开始抗病毒治疗后,抗原血症相关症状和抗原血症消失。我们的治疗并没有预防巨细胞病毒感染,但是尽管有反复的证据表明巨细胞病毒感染活跃,没有患者发生巨细胞病毒疾病。
{"title":"Cytomegalovirus after heart transplantation: definitions for the guidance of antiviral therapy.","authors":"F Iberer,&nbsp;K Tscheliessnigg,&nbsp;G Halwachs,&nbsp;T Auer,&nbsp;A Wasler,&nbsp;B Petutschnigg,&nbsp;G Schreier,&nbsp;H Müller,&nbsp;T Allmayer,&nbsp;G Prenner","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Besides the current classification of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and disease we defined \"CMV antigenaemia\" as the marker for initiation of antiviral therapy (CMV hyperimmune globulin 2 ml/kg/d and ganciclovir 1000 mg/d), and \"episodes of CMV antigenaemia\"(the time from detection of antigenaemia until a subsequent antigenaemia assay tested negative again) indicated the time period of antiviral treatment. Patients were at highest risk for antigenaemia at day 38.2 +/- 20.9 after heart transplantation. We observed 50 episodes of antigenaemia in 18 patients. The mean duration was 7.3 +/- 6.4 days. No antigenaemia associated symptoms and no anti-CMV IgM was observed without preceding evidence of antigenaemia. Antigenaemia-associated symptoms and antigenaemia disappeared after antiviral therapy was initiated. Our therapy did not prevent CMV infection, but despite the repeated evidence of active CMV infection, no patient suffered CMV disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":76520,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. Supplementum","volume":"99 ","pages":"100-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19644133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Diagnosis of cytomegalovirus infection of the nervous system in AIDS by polymerase chain reaction analysis of cerebrospinal fluid. 脑脊液聚合酶链反应诊断艾滋病神经系统巨细胞病毒感染。
P Cinque, L Vago, M R Terreni, M Brytting, R Marenzi, A Castagna, A Lazzarin, A Linde

To evaluate the diagnostic relevance and the clinical impact of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA in the diagnosis of CMV infection of the central nervous system (CNS), 220 acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients with neurological disease were examined. CSF was drawn 1-180 days before death, concomitantly with clinical neurological disease, and autopsy was performed in all the cases. CMV DNA was detected in the CSF from 36 of 45 patients (82%) with CMV infection of the CNS, and in 2 of 175 without CMV infection of the CNS at autopsy. The sensitivity of the method was 82%, the specificity 99%, the positive predictive value 95%, and the negative predictive value 96%. An extensive CMV ventriculitis or encephalitis was shown by histopathology in the majority of the CSF PCR-positive patients with overt clinical encephalitis. Minor CMV lesions only, not likely to cause relevant clinical symptoms, were observed in some CSF PCR-positive patients, concomitant with other opportunistic CNS diseases. CSF PCR is a reliable means for diagnosis of CMV infection of the CNS in patients with AIDS. A positive PCR result, however, requires careful interpretation in the individual clinical context.

为评价脑脊液(CSF)巨细胞病毒(CMV) DNA聚合酶链反应(PCR)对中枢神经系统巨细胞病毒(CMV)感染的诊断意义及临床意义,对220例获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)合并神经系统疾病患者进行了检测。死亡前1 ~ 180天抽取脑脊液,同时伴有临床神经系统疾病,所有病例均进行尸检。尸检时,45例CNS巨细胞病毒感染患者中有36例(82%)在脑脊液中检测到巨细胞病毒DNA, 175例未感染CNS的患者中有2例在脑脊液中检测到巨细胞病毒DNA。该方法敏感性82%,特异性99%,阳性预测值95%,阴性预测值96%。在大多数脑脊液pcr阳性的明显临床脑炎患者中,组织病理学显示广泛的巨细胞病毒脑室炎或脑炎。部分CSF pcr阳性患者仅出现轻微CMV病变,不可能引起相关临床症状,并伴有其他机会性中枢神经系统疾病。CSF PCR是诊断艾滋病患者中枢神经系统巨细胞病毒感染的可靠手段。然而,阳性PCR结果需要在个体临床背景下仔细解释。
{"title":"Diagnosis of cytomegalovirus infection of the nervous system in AIDS by polymerase chain reaction analysis of cerebrospinal fluid.","authors":"P Cinque,&nbsp;L Vago,&nbsp;M R Terreni,&nbsp;M Brytting,&nbsp;R Marenzi,&nbsp;A Castagna,&nbsp;A Lazzarin,&nbsp;A Linde","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To evaluate the diagnostic relevance and the clinical impact of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA in the diagnosis of CMV infection of the central nervous system (CNS), 220 acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients with neurological disease were examined. CSF was drawn 1-180 days before death, concomitantly with clinical neurological disease, and autopsy was performed in all the cases. CMV DNA was detected in the CSF from 36 of 45 patients (82%) with CMV infection of the CNS, and in 2 of 175 without CMV infection of the CNS at autopsy. The sensitivity of the method was 82%, the specificity 99%, the positive predictive value 95%, and the negative predictive value 96%. An extensive CMV ventriculitis or encephalitis was shown by histopathology in the majority of the CSF PCR-positive patients with overt clinical encephalitis. Minor CMV lesions only, not likely to cause relevant clinical symptoms, were observed in some CSF PCR-positive patients, concomitant with other opportunistic CNS diseases. CSF PCR is a reliable means for diagnosis of CMV infection of the CNS in patients with AIDS. A positive PCR result, however, requires careful interpretation in the individual clinical context.</p>","PeriodicalId":76520,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. Supplementum","volume":"99 ","pages":"92-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19644725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pathogenicity: animal models. 致病性:动物模型。
C A Bruggeman, F Li, F S Stals

Animal models offer the opportunity to study the interaction of the virus and the host and to unravel the mechanism in processes such as persistence of the virus and virus-induced pathology. Primary infection results in a generalized infection as shown by the presence of virus in many organs. During viraemia the virus is present in mononuclear cells by which it is transported through the body. In neonates and in immuno-suppressed animals the infection results in multiorgan failure, leading to death. Recent data have shown that infection of endothelial cells in the microvasculature and mononuclear cells seems to be important in the pathogenesis of cytomegalovirus (CMV)-induced disease. After primary infection the virus persists in the body. Although the exact localization of the latent virus is unknown it is clear that during latency viral DNA is present in many organs. By immune suppression the virus can reactivate from its latent state. In addition to the direct complications attributable to the virus itself, CMV has modulating effects on the immune response. Although in some instances the infection leads to immune suppression, the virus infection can also accelerate inflammatory and immune responses. Studies in mice have shown that CMV infection can exacerbate graft-versus-host reactions, and experiments in rats using allogeneic transplants indicate that CMV infection results in enhanced chronic rejection in which acceleration of the immune response is involved. Although the exact mechanism is not clear, recent data indicate that cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha are involved in these processes.

动物模型为研究病毒与宿主的相互作用提供了机会,并揭示了病毒持续存在和病毒诱导病理等过程中的机制。原发感染导致全身性感染,表现为病毒在许多器官的存在。在病毒血症期间,病毒存在于单个核细胞中,通过它在体内运输。在新生儿和免疫抑制动物中,感染导致多器官衰竭,导致死亡。最近的数据表明,微血管内皮细胞和单核细胞的感染似乎在巨细胞病毒(CMV)诱导疾病的发病机制中起重要作用。初次感染后,病毒在体内持续存在。虽然潜伏病毒的确切定位尚不清楚,但很明显,在潜伏期间,病毒DNA存在于许多器官中。通过免疫抑制,病毒可以从潜伏状态重新激活。除了可归因于病毒本身的直接并发症外,巨细胞病毒对免疫反应具有调节作用。虽然在某些情况下感染会导致免疫抑制,但病毒感染也会加速炎症和免疫反应。对小鼠的研究表明,巨细胞病毒感染可加剧移植物抗宿主反应,对同种异体移植大鼠的实验表明,巨细胞病毒感染可导致慢性排斥反应增强,其中涉及免疫反应的加速。虽然确切的机制尚不清楚,但最近的数据表明,细胞因子,如肿瘤坏死因子α参与了这些过程。
{"title":"Pathogenicity: animal models.","authors":"C A Bruggeman,&nbsp;F Li,&nbsp;F S Stals","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Animal models offer the opportunity to study the interaction of the virus and the host and to unravel the mechanism in processes such as persistence of the virus and virus-induced pathology. Primary infection results in a generalized infection as shown by the presence of virus in many organs. During viraemia the virus is present in mononuclear cells by which it is transported through the body. In neonates and in immuno-suppressed animals the infection results in multiorgan failure, leading to death. Recent data have shown that infection of endothelial cells in the microvasculature and mononuclear cells seems to be important in the pathogenesis of cytomegalovirus (CMV)-induced disease. After primary infection the virus persists in the body. Although the exact localization of the latent virus is unknown it is clear that during latency viral DNA is present in many organs. By immune suppression the virus can reactivate from its latent state. In addition to the direct complications attributable to the virus itself, CMV has modulating effects on the immune response. Although in some instances the infection leads to immune suppression, the virus infection can also accelerate inflammatory and immune responses. Studies in mice have shown that CMV infection can exacerbate graft-versus-host reactions, and experiments in rats using allogeneic transplants indicate that CMV infection results in enhanced chronic rejection in which acceleration of the immune response is involved. Although the exact mechanism is not clear, recent data indicate that cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha are involved in these processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":76520,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. Supplementum","volume":"99 ","pages":"43-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19644787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
CMV PCR in leucocytes as an early marker for the development of CMV disease in AIDS patients. 白细胞中巨细胞病毒PCR作为艾滋病患者巨细胞病毒疾病发展的早期标志物
H Quarner, S Grützmeier, I Lewensohn-Fuchs, B Hejdeman, E Sandström, A Ehrnst

The relationship between cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA in leucocytes and CMV disease in AIDS patients was sought. In 195 HIV-1 infected, mostly AIDS patients, CMV nPCR was performed in 477 peripheral EDTA blood samples which were collected also for CD4 cell counts (403), classic (410) and rapid virus isolation (270), and antigenemia tests (190). Most patients who died were autopsied. Immunohistopathology for CMV was performed. The first 43 patients were classified clinically according to having (A) verified organ involvement of CMV (15), (B) suspected CMV disease due to symptoms (4), or no CMV-associated disease (24). CMV-DNA was detected in the majority of samples (66%) and patients (68%). In contrast, CMV in the samples was detected in only 16% by classical and 11% by rapid isolation and in 8.4% by the antigenemia test. Acquisition of CMV DNA in leucocytes became more common as the CD4 cell counts fell. Detection of CMV DNA was significantly associated with CMV-associated symptoms and later mortality. In conclusion, CMV PCR of DNA in leucocytes is a sensitive and early marker of CMV disease in HIV-infected AIDS patients. It might be a marker to be added to CD4 cell counts for initiation of preemptive therapy.

探讨白细胞巨细胞病毒(CMV) DNA与艾滋病患者巨细胞病毒病的关系。在195例HIV-1感染者(主要是艾滋病患者)中,对477例外周血EDTA样本进行了CMV nPCR检测,并收集了CD4细胞计数(403)、经典(410)和快速病毒分离(270)以及抗原血症检测(190)。大多数死亡的病人都是尸体解剖的。行巨细胞病毒免疫组织病理学检查。前43例患者在临床上根据(A)证实巨细胞病毒累及器官(15),(B)因症状怀疑巨细胞病毒疾病(4),或无巨细胞病毒相关疾病(24)进行分类。在大多数样本(66%)和患者(68%)中检测到CMV-DNA。相比之下,经典分离法和快速分离法分别仅检出16%和11%的巨细胞病毒,抗原血症试验检出8.4%的巨细胞病毒。随着CD4细胞计数的下降,白细胞中CMV DNA的获取变得更加普遍。巨细胞病毒DNA检测与巨细胞病毒相关症状和后期死亡率显著相关。综上所述,白细胞DNA的CMV PCR是hiv感染艾滋病患者CMV疾病的敏感和早期标志物。它可能是一种标记物,可以添加到CD4细胞计数中,以启动先发制人的治疗。
{"title":"CMV PCR in leucocytes as an early marker for the development of CMV disease in AIDS patients.","authors":"H Quarner,&nbsp;S Grützmeier,&nbsp;I Lewensohn-Fuchs,&nbsp;B Hejdeman,&nbsp;E Sandström,&nbsp;A Ehrnst","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The relationship between cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA in leucocytes and CMV disease in AIDS patients was sought. In 195 HIV-1 infected, mostly AIDS patients, CMV nPCR was performed in 477 peripheral EDTA blood samples which were collected also for CD4 cell counts (403), classic (410) and rapid virus isolation (270), and antigenemia tests (190). Most patients who died were autopsied. Immunohistopathology for CMV was performed. The first 43 patients were classified clinically according to having (A) verified organ involvement of CMV (15), (B) suspected CMV disease due to symptoms (4), or no CMV-associated disease (24). CMV-DNA was detected in the majority of samples (66%) and patients (68%). In contrast, CMV in the samples was detected in only 16% by classical and 11% by rapid isolation and in 8.4% by the antigenemia test. Acquisition of CMV DNA in leucocytes became more common as the CD4 cell counts fell. Detection of CMV DNA was significantly associated with CMV-associated symptoms and later mortality. In conclusion, CMV PCR of DNA in leucocytes is a sensitive and early marker of CMV disease in HIV-infected AIDS patients. It might be a marker to be added to CD4 cell counts for initiation of preemptive therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":76520,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. Supplementum","volume":"99 ","pages":"94-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19644726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Four dually resistant human cytomegalovirus strains from AIDS patients: single mutations in UL97 and UL54 open reading frames are responsible for ganciclovir- and foscarnet-specific resistance, respectively. 来自艾滋病患者的四种双耐药人类巨细胞病毒毒株:UL97和UL54开放阅读框的单突变分别导致更昔洛韦和氟膦特异性耐药。
F Baldanti, A Sarasini, E Silini, M Barbi, A Lazzarin, K K Biron, G Gerna

Four human cytomegalovirus strains with double resistance to both ganciclovir and foscarnet were recovered from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. The four isolates were genetically unrelated and each of them consisted of a single viral population. In addition, for each isolate, UL97 and UL54 open reading frames sequencing showed a single aminoacid change in a conserved domain of each of the two genes.

从获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)患者中分离出4株对更昔洛韦和膦酸钠双耐的人巨细胞病毒。这四种分离株在遗传上不相关,每一株都由单一病毒群组成。此外,对于每个分离物,UL97和UL54开放阅读框测序显示,两个基因的保守结构域各有一个氨基酸变化。
{"title":"Four dually resistant human cytomegalovirus strains from AIDS patients: single mutations in UL97 and UL54 open reading frames are responsible for ganciclovir- and foscarnet-specific resistance, respectively.","authors":"F Baldanti,&nbsp;A Sarasini,&nbsp;E Silini,&nbsp;M Barbi,&nbsp;A Lazzarin,&nbsp;K K Biron,&nbsp;G Gerna","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Four human cytomegalovirus strains with double resistance to both ganciclovir and foscarnet were recovered from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. The four isolates were genetically unrelated and each of them consisted of a single viral population. In addition, for each isolate, UL97 and UL54 open reading frames sequencing showed a single aminoacid change in a conserved domain of each of the two genes.</p>","PeriodicalId":76520,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. Supplementum","volume":"99 ","pages":"103-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19644134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Detection of human cytomegalovirus DNA: how, when and where? 人巨细胞病毒DNA的检测:如何、何时、何地?
G Gerna, F Baldanti, D Zella, M Furione

Although several methods have been utilized for the detection and quantification of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) DNA, all of them can be divided into three groups: (i) detection of HCMV DNA directly in tissues by in situ hybridization or in situ polymerase chain reaction (PCR); (ii) detection of HCMV DNA in cell or tissue lysates by hybridization with DNA or RNA probes differently labelled-labels were progressively modified in order to provide an increasing sensitivity (hybridization products were revealed by radioactive, colorimetric or chemiluminescent procedures); (iii) detection of HCMV DNA in cell or tissue lysates by qualitative (single-step and nested) and quantitative (semiquantitative, competitive or noncompetitive) PCR. The selection of the methods to be employed depends primarily on the clinical situation which must be evaluated. Clinical samples for HCMV genome detection must vary accordingly.

虽然已有几种方法用于检测和定量人巨细胞病毒(HCMV) DNA,但它们都可以分为三大类:(i)通过原位杂交或原位聚合酶链反应(PCR)直接检测组织中的HCMV DNA;(ii)通过与不同标记的DNA或RNA探针杂交来检测细胞或组织裂解物中的HCMV DNA -标记逐渐修改以提供更高的灵敏度(杂交产物通过放射性,比色或化学发光程序显示);(iii)通过定性(单步和巢式)和定量(半定量、竞争性或非竞争性)PCR检测细胞或组织裂解物中的HCMV DNA。所采用的方法的选择主要取决于必须评估的临床情况。HCMV基因组检测的临床样本必须有所不同。
{"title":"Detection of human cytomegalovirus DNA: how, when and where?","authors":"G Gerna,&nbsp;F Baldanti,&nbsp;D Zella,&nbsp;M Furione","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although several methods have been utilized for the detection and quantification of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) DNA, all of them can be divided into three groups: (i) detection of HCMV DNA directly in tissues by in situ hybridization or in situ polymerase chain reaction (PCR); (ii) detection of HCMV DNA in cell or tissue lysates by hybridization with DNA or RNA probes differently labelled-labels were progressively modified in order to provide an increasing sensitivity (hybridization products were revealed by radioactive, colorimetric or chemiluminescent procedures); (iii) detection of HCMV DNA in cell or tissue lysates by qualitative (single-step and nested) and quantitative (semiquantitative, competitive or noncompetitive) PCR. The selection of the methods to be employed depends primarily on the clinical situation which must be evaluated. Clinical samples for HCMV genome detection must vary accordingly.</p>","PeriodicalId":76520,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. Supplementum","volume":"99 ","pages":"11-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19644136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Induction of endothelial adhesion molecules by rat cytomegalovirus in allogeneic lung transplantation in the rat. 巨细胞病毒诱导大鼠异基因肺移植中内皮粘附分子的研究。
G Steinhoff, X M You, C Steinmüller, K Boeke, F S Stals, C A Bruggeman, A Haverich

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is known to be a major risk factor for the development of chronic transplant rejection in heart and lung transplantation. A possible mechanism for the induction of lung transplant rejection by CMV infection is the inflammatory upregulation of adhesion ligand molecules by the viral infection leading to an increased endothelial-leucocyte interaction. To study this question, an experimental model was established in the rat using a rat cytomegalovirus (RCMV) infection and acute lung transplant rejection in left single lung transplantation. The distribution of RCMV, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and its leucocyte receptor CD11a (LFA-1) were investigated by immunohistochemistry. The viral infection was observed in transplant lungs of infected hosts as early as day 11. The expression of ICAM-1 on endothelial cells was induced and enhanced by RCMV infection, and infiltration of CD11a-positive leucocytes found to be increased in infected recipients. An acceleration of the rejection of the allografts by the hosts was found.

巨细胞病毒(CMV)感染是导致心肺移植慢性排斥反应的主要危险因素。CMV感染诱导肺移植排斥反应的可能机制是病毒感染导致粘附配体分子的炎症上调,导致内皮-白细胞相互作用增加。为了研究这一问题,我们建立了大鼠巨细胞病毒(RCMV)感染和左单肺移植急性肺移植排斥反应的实验模型。免疫组化方法观察RCMV、细胞间粘附分子-1 (ICAM-1)及其白细胞受体CD11a (LFA-1)的分布。感染宿主移植肺早在第11天就出现病毒感染。RCMV感染可诱导和增强内皮细胞上ICAM-1的表达,感染受体中cd11a阳性白细胞的浸润增加。发现宿主对同种异体移植物的排斥反应加速。
{"title":"Induction of endothelial adhesion molecules by rat cytomegalovirus in allogeneic lung transplantation in the rat.","authors":"G Steinhoff,&nbsp;X M You,&nbsp;C Steinmüller,&nbsp;K Boeke,&nbsp;F S Stals,&nbsp;C A Bruggeman,&nbsp;A Haverich","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is known to be a major risk factor for the development of chronic transplant rejection in heart and lung transplantation. A possible mechanism for the induction of lung transplant rejection by CMV infection is the inflammatory upregulation of adhesion ligand molecules by the viral infection leading to an increased endothelial-leucocyte interaction. To study this question, an experimental model was established in the rat using a rat cytomegalovirus (RCMV) infection and acute lung transplant rejection in left single lung transplantation. The distribution of RCMV, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and its leucocyte receptor CD11a (LFA-1) were investigated by immunohistochemistry. The viral infection was observed in transplant lungs of infected hosts as early as day 11. The expression of ICAM-1 on endothelial cells was induced and enhanced by RCMV infection, and infiltration of CD11a-positive leucocytes found to be increased in infected recipients. An acceleration of the rejection of the allografts by the hosts was found.</p>","PeriodicalId":76520,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. Supplementum","volume":"99 ","pages":"58-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19644788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Immunoprophylaxis against cytomegalovirus disease. 巨细胞病毒病的免疫预防。
S P Adler

Patients with either deficient or immature immune systems need protection against cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease. That maternal immunization prior to pregnancy will protect newborns from congenital disease is suggested by the fact that newborns who acquire CMV either via transfusion or transplacentally are relatively protected if their mothers had antibodies to CMV prior to pregnancy. For patients becoming partially immunocompromised following solid organ transplantation, protection against severe CMV disease is afforded by immunity acquired either by wild-type infection prior to transplantation or passive or active immunization. In three randomized placebo-controlled studies, live attenuated CMV vaccine has successfully protected seronegative recipients of kidneys from seropositive donors from severe CMV disease by efficiently inducing humoral and cellular immunity. Subunit vaccines comprised of glycoprotein gB, the viral component containing the majority of viral neutralizing epitopes, are in the early phases of study, as are strategies to provide patients with CD8+ deficiency immunoprophylaxis via adoptive transfer of cytotoxic T-cells expanded in vitro against CMV structural proteins. Given all of these facts, safe and effective CMV immunoprophylaxis against CMV disease is possible.

免疫系统缺陷或不成熟的患者需要预防巨细胞病毒(CMV)疾病。孕妇怀孕前的免疫接种将保护新生儿免受先天性疾病的侵害,这一事实表明,通过输血或经胎盘获得巨细胞病毒的新生儿,如果其母亲在怀孕前有巨细胞病毒抗体,则相对受到保护。对于在实体器官移植后出现部分免疫功能低下的患者,通过移植前野生型感染或被动或主动免疫获得的免疫力可以提供对严重巨细胞病毒疾病的保护。在三个随机安慰剂对照研究中,减毒巨细胞病毒活疫苗通过有效地诱导体液和细胞免疫,成功地保护了血清阴性肾受体免受血清阳性供体的严重巨细胞病毒疾病。由糖蛋白gB组成的亚单位疫苗(含有大多数病毒中和表位的病毒成分)正处于研究的早期阶段,通过体外扩增的细胞毒性t细胞过继性转移针对巨细胞病毒结构蛋白,为CD8+缺乏症患者提供免疫预防的策略也处于研究阶段。鉴于所有这些事实,安全有效的CMV免疫预防CMV疾病是可能的。
{"title":"Immunoprophylaxis against cytomegalovirus disease.","authors":"S P Adler","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patients with either deficient or immature immune systems need protection against cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease. That maternal immunization prior to pregnancy will protect newborns from congenital disease is suggested by the fact that newborns who acquire CMV either via transfusion or transplacentally are relatively protected if their mothers had antibodies to CMV prior to pregnancy. For patients becoming partially immunocompromised following solid organ transplantation, protection against severe CMV disease is afforded by immunity acquired either by wild-type infection prior to transplantation or passive or active immunization. In three randomized placebo-controlled studies, live attenuated CMV vaccine has successfully protected seronegative recipients of kidneys from seropositive donors from severe CMV disease by efficiently inducing humoral and cellular immunity. Subunit vaccines comprised of glycoprotein gB, the viral component containing the majority of viral neutralizing epitopes, are in the early phases of study, as are strategies to provide patients with CD8+ deficiency immunoprophylaxis via adoptive transfer of cytotoxic T-cells expanded in vitro against CMV structural proteins. Given all of these facts, safe and effective CMV immunoprophylaxis against CMV disease is possible.</p>","PeriodicalId":76520,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. Supplementum","volume":"99 ","pages":"105-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19644135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Deletion mutants in human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein US9 are impaired in cell-cell transmission and in altering tight junctions of polarized human retinal pigment epithelial cells. 人巨细胞病毒糖蛋白US9的缺失突变体在细胞间传递和改变极化人视网膜色素上皮细胞的紧密连接中受损。
L Pereira, E Maidji, S Tugizov, T Jones

Retinal cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is one of the major manifestations of viral pathogenesis in immunosuppressed patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). CMV infection of the retina causes directional destruction which begins at the optic nerve head adjacent to the retinal capillaries and progresses, if untreated, to retinal detachment and blindness. Infection does not occur across the basal membrane of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), adjacent to the highly vascularized choroid. CMV replicates in polarized RPE cells, and progeny virions cross apical and lateral membranes of RPE cells grown on permeable filter supports, but not basal membranes. Cell-cell junctions of CMV-infected RPE cells are permeabilized, and the tight junction protein zonula occludens (ZO-1) is disassembled; progeny virions then spread to neighboring cells through the lateral cell membranes, which in polarized cells differ significantly in lipid and protein composition from the apical cell membranes. We found that CMV mutants with deletions in US9 and US8/US9 failed to spread from cell to cell, exhibiting a small-plaque phenotype in polarized RPE cells. Immunofluorescence confocal microscopy staining of ZO-1 protein revealed that RPE cells infected with CMV deletion mutants RV35, RV80, and RV61 did not exhibit altered tight junctions, in contrast to RPE cells infected with wild-type strain AD169 virus. Our findings indicate that US9, which is an accessory glycoprotein in infected foreskin fibroblasts, is required for transmission of virus across cell-cell junctions of polarized RPE cells. The relationship between US9 expression and virus transmission across cell-cell boundaries suggests that US9 may directly or indirectly permeabilize tight junction complexes of polarized RPE cells.

视网膜巨细胞病毒(CMV)病是获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)免疫抑制患者病毒发病的主要表现之一。巨细胞病毒感染视网膜会导致视网膜毛细血管附近视神经头的定向破坏,如果不及时治疗,会导致视网膜脱离和失明。感染不会发生在视网膜色素上皮(RPE)的基底膜上,靠近高度血管化的脉络膜。巨细胞病毒在极化的RPE细胞中复制,其子代病毒粒子在可透滤支架上生长的RPE细胞的顶膜和侧膜上复制,而不是在基膜上复制。cmv感染的RPE细胞细胞间连接被渗透,紧密连接蛋白闭塞带(ZO-1)被分解;子代病毒粒子通过侧边细胞膜向邻近细胞扩散,侧边细胞膜在脂质和蛋白质组成上与顶细胞膜有显著差异。我们发现US9和US8/US9缺失的CMV突变体不能在细胞间传播,在极化的RPE细胞中表现出小斑块表型。免疫荧光共聚焦显微镜对ZO-1蛋白的染色显示,与野生型AD169病毒感染的RPE细胞相比,感染CMV缺失突变体RV35、RV80和RV61的RPE细胞没有表现出紧密连接的改变。我们的研究结果表明,US9是感染包皮成纤维细胞中的一种辅助糖蛋白,是病毒在极化RPE细胞的细胞间连接传播所必需的。US9的表达与病毒跨细胞传播的关系表明,US9可能直接或间接渗透极化RPE细胞的紧密连接复合物。
{"title":"Deletion mutants in human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein US9 are impaired in cell-cell transmission and in altering tight junctions of polarized human retinal pigment epithelial cells.","authors":"L Pereira,&nbsp;E Maidji,&nbsp;S Tugizov,&nbsp;T Jones","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Retinal cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is one of the major manifestations of viral pathogenesis in immunosuppressed patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). CMV infection of the retina causes directional destruction which begins at the optic nerve head adjacent to the retinal capillaries and progresses, if untreated, to retinal detachment and blindness. Infection does not occur across the basal membrane of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), adjacent to the highly vascularized choroid. CMV replicates in polarized RPE cells, and progeny virions cross apical and lateral membranes of RPE cells grown on permeable filter supports, but not basal membranes. Cell-cell junctions of CMV-infected RPE cells are permeabilized, and the tight junction protein zonula occludens (ZO-1) is disassembled; progeny virions then spread to neighboring cells through the lateral cell membranes, which in polarized cells differ significantly in lipid and protein composition from the apical cell membranes. We found that CMV mutants with deletions in US9 and US8/US9 failed to spread from cell to cell, exhibiting a small-plaque phenotype in polarized RPE cells. Immunofluorescence confocal microscopy staining of ZO-1 protein revealed that RPE cells infected with CMV deletion mutants RV35, RV80, and RV61 did not exhibit altered tight junctions, in contrast to RPE cells infected with wild-type strain AD169 virus. Our findings indicate that US9, which is an accessory glycoprotein in infected foreskin fibroblasts, is required for transmission of virus across cell-cell junctions of polarized RPE cells. The relationship between US9 expression and virus transmission across cell-cell boundaries suggests that US9 may directly or indirectly permeabilize tight junction complexes of polarized RPE cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":76520,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. Supplementum","volume":"99 ","pages":"82-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19644724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mycobacterial infections in Sweden. 瑞典的分枝杆菌感染。
V Romanus

The incidence of tuberculosis has continued to decline in the Swedish-born population, but there has been an increase in the foreign-born population, especially among young adults and children. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is still rare in Sweden. The annual number of patients with culture confirmed atypical mycobacteria, especially of M. avium-intracellulare, has increased. The increased incidence of atypical mycobacteria observed in non-BCG vaccinated Swedish children seems to be related to the restricted BCG policy brought into force in 1975.

在瑞典出生的人口中,结核病的发病率持续下降,但在外国出生的人口中,特别是在年轻人和儿童中,发病率有所上升。耐多药结核病在瑞典仍然很少见。每年经培养证实的非典型分枝杆菌,特别是胞内鸟分枝杆菌的患者数量有所增加。在未接种卡介苗的瑞典儿童中观察到的非典型分枝杆菌发病率增加似乎与1975年生效的限制卡介苗政策有关。
{"title":"Mycobacterial infections in Sweden.","authors":"V Romanus","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The incidence of tuberculosis has continued to decline in the Swedish-born population, but there has been an increase in the foreign-born population, especially among young adults and children. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is still rare in Sweden. The annual number of patients with culture confirmed atypical mycobacteria, especially of M. avium-intracellulare, has increased. The increased incidence of atypical mycobacteria observed in non-BCG vaccinated Swedish children seems to be related to the restricted BCG policy brought into force in 1975.</p>","PeriodicalId":76520,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. Supplementum","volume":"98 ","pages":"15-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19833375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. Supplementum
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1